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Environmental Science and Pollution... Jun 2020Imazalil (IMZ), a fungicide containing imidazole group, is extensively used for the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases in plants. Current study was performed to...
Imazalil (IMZ), a fungicide containing imidazole group, is extensively used for the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases in plants. Current study was performed to examine cyto-genotoxic potential of IMZ on Allium cepa roots by following Allium ana-telophase and single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assays. The concentration which reduced the growth of the root tips of IMZ by 50% compared to the negative control group (EC) was found to be 1 μg/mL by Allium root growth inhibition test. 0.5, 1, and 2 μg/mL concentrations of IMZ were exposed to Allium roots for intervals of 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. 10 μg/mL of methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) and distilled water were used as control groups, both positive and negative. Statistical analysis was performed by using one-way ANOVA with Duncan's multiple comparison tests at p ≤ 0.05 and Pearson correlation test at p = 0.01. IMZ showed cytotoxic effect by statistically decreasing root growth and mitotic index (MI) and also genotoxic effect by statistically increasing chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and DNA damage compared to the negative control group. With these cyto-genotoxic effects, it should be used carefully and further cyto-genotoxic mechanisms should be investigated along with other toxicity tests.
Topics: Chromosome Aberrations; Cytogenetic Analysis; DNA Damage; Fungicides, Industrial; Humans; Imidazoles; Meristem; Mitotic Index; Onions; Plant Roots
PubMed: 32242316
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08553-2 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Feb 2021The application of pesticides to get more agricultural products is increasing day by day. The use of a huge amount of pesticides raises public concerns about safety....
The application of pesticides to get more agricultural products is increasing day by day. The use of a huge amount of pesticides raises public concerns about safety. Tetraconazole is a widely used and successful fungicide. Possible toxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic effects of different doses of tetraconazole (1.00 mg/L, 5.00 mg/L, and 10.00 mg/L) were evaluated on the meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. root tips by means of physiological, cytogenetic, biochemical, and anatomical parameters. EC value for tetraconazole in terms of growth inhibition was calculated as 6.7 mg/L. Increasing doses of tetraconazole resulted in reduced germination ratio, root length, and weight gain. Total activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content were increased as a result of oxidative stress. As an evidence of genotoxicity, mitotic index (MI) level decreased, while scores for micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) rose. In addition, various meristematic cell damages were detected in root tips of tetraconazole applied bulbs. As a result, the multiple toxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic effects of tetraconazole fungicide were demonstrated through a wide range of parameters on A. cepa, which was found to be a versatile tool for testing hazardous pesticides.
Topics: Chlorobenzenes; Chromosome Aberrations; Humans; Malondialdehyde; Meristem; Mitotic Index; Onions; Plant Roots; Triazoles
PubMed: 33169279
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11584-4 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Sep 2021Copper oxychloride gained great importance due to its broad-spectrum antifungal action to combat various fungal diseases of plants. However, excess quantity of cupric...
Copper oxychloride gained great importance due to its broad-spectrum antifungal action to combat various fungal diseases of plants. However, excess quantity of cupric fungicides on plants causes enzymatic changes and toxic effects. Thus, the current study was aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of copper oxychloride on Allium cepa root cells. The root growth, mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and DNA damage were assessed through root growth inhibition, A. cepa ana-telophase, and alkaline comet assays. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed to evaluate binding affinities of two copper oxychloride polymorphs (atacamite and paratacamite) on DNA. In root growth inhibition test, onion root length was statistically significantly decreased by changing the copper oxychloride concentration from lower (2.64±0.11 cm) to higher (0.92±0.12 cm). Concentration- and time-dependent decrease in MI was observed whereas increase in CAs such as disturbed ana-telophase, chromosome laggards, stickiness, anaphase bridges, and DNA damage were caused by the copper oxychloride on A. cepa root cells. Molecular docking results revealed that the two main polymorphs of copper oxychloride (atacamite and paratacamite) bind selectively to G and C nucleotides on the B-DNA structure. It is concluded that the atacamite- and paratacamite-induced DNA damage may be through minor groove recognition and intercalation. Findings of the current study revealed the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of copper oxychloride on A. cepa root cells. However, further studies should be carried out at the molecular level to reveal the cyto-genotoxic mechanism of action of copper oxychloride in detail.
Topics: Allium; Chromosome Aberrations; Copper; DNA Damage; Meristem; Mitotic Index; Molecular Docking Simulation; Onions; Plant Roots
PubMed: 33860424
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13897-4 -
Oncotarget Jul 2017Background Due to the extremely rare incidence, data of clinicopathological features and prognosis of mesenteric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are limited....
Background Due to the extremely rare incidence, data of clinicopathological features and prognosis of mesenteric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are limited. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of mesenteric GISTs.Patients and Methods Mesenteric GISTs cases were obtained from our center and from case reports and clinical series extracted from MEDLINE. Clinicopathological features and survivals were analyzed.Results A total of 114 mesenteric GISTs were enrolled in present study. The most common symptom was abdominal pain (20/72, 27.8%), followed by abdominal mass (13/72, 18.1%) and distention (9/72, 12.5%). Most tumors exceeded 10 cm in diameter (71/112, 63.4%), exceeded 5/50HPF in mitotic index (50/85, 58.8%), and were high risk (82/90, 91.1%). The five-year disease free survival (DFS) and disease specific survival (DSS) was 57.7% and 60.1%, respectively. Tumor size and mitotic index were associated with DFS and DSS. The distribution of tumor size, histological type, mitotic index and NIH risk category were significantly different between mesenteric and gastric GISTs. Prognosis of mesenteric GISTs was worse than that of gastric GISTs. However, multivariate analysis showed that location was not an independent prognostic factor for mesenteric and gastric GISTs.Conclusions Most mesenteric GISTs exceeded 10 cm in diameter, exceeded 5/50HPF in mitotic index and were high risk. Mesenteric GISTs differed significantly from gastric GISTs in respect to clinicopathologic features. Mitotic index and tumor size were prognostic factors for mesenteric GISTs. The prognosis were comparable between mesenteric and gastric GISTs.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Female; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Humans; Male; Mesentery; Middle Aged; Mitotic Index; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Survival Analysis; Tumor Burden
PubMed: 28147326
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14880 -
Drug and Chemical Toxicology Jul 2024The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidative features using 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) scavenging method, bovine serum albumin...
The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidative features using 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) scavenging method, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-binding properties with usage of spectrofluorimetric method, proliferative and cyto/genotoxic status by use of chromosome aberration test, and antimicrobial potential using broth microdilution method, followed by resazurin assay of benzyl-, isopropyl-, isobutyl and phenylparaben . Our results showed that all parabens had significant antiradical scavenger activity compared to -hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) precursor. Higher mitotic index for benzyl-, isopropyl and isobutylparaben (250 µg/mL) in comparison with control was demonstrated. An increase in the frequency of acentric fragments in lymphocytes treated with benzylparaben and isopropylparaben (125 and 250 µg/mL), and isobutylparaben (250 µg/mL) was observed. Isobutylparaben (250 µg/mL) induced higher number of dicentric chromosomes. An increased number of minute fragments in lymphocytes exposed to benzylparaben (125 and 250 µg/mL) was found. A significant difference in the frequency of chromosome pulverization, between phenylparaben (250 µg/mL) and control, was detected. Benzylparaben (250 µg/mL) and phenylparaben (62.5 µg/mL) caused an increase in the number of apoptotic cells, while isopropylparaben (62.5, 125 and 250 µg/mL) and isobutylparaben (62.5 and 125 µg/mL) induced higher frequency of necrosis. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tested parabens ranged 15.62-250 µg/mL for bacteria, and 125-500 µg/mL for the yeast. Minimum microbiocidal concentration ranged 31.25 to 500 µg/mL, and 250 to 1000 µg/mL in bacteria and fungi respectively. The lowest MICs for bacteria were observed for phenyl- (15.62 µg/mL) and isopropylparaben (31.25 µg/mL) against .
Topics: Parabens; Chromosome Aberrations; Lymphocytes; Antioxidants; Anti-Infective Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mitotic Index; Animals; Humans; Free Radical Scavengers; Cell Proliferation; Biphenyl Compounds; Picrates
PubMed: 37334811
DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2222928 -
Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi = Chinese... Oct 2018To study the clinicopathologic characteristics and differential diagnosis of mammary myofibroblastoma. Nine cases of mammary myofibroblastoma diagnosed between 2006...
To study the clinicopathologic characteristics and differential diagnosis of mammary myofibroblastoma. Nine cases of mammary myofibroblastoma diagnosed between 2006 and 2017 were collected from the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Clinical and histopathologic features of these nine cases were examined, immunohistochemical staining was performed, FISH analysis for the detection of FOXO1 gene was performed in one case, and follow-up data were also collected. There were seven female and two male patients, with a mean age of 54 years, median age of 50 years (ranging from 40 to 83 years). Four lesions each were located in the left and right breast, and one was in the left subaxillary accessory breast tissue. Clinically, 8 patients presented with a breast mass, 3 of which accompanied with pain. All of the tumors were well-demarcated grossly with a mean diameter of 2.5 cm. Microscopically, there were no entrapped ductal or lobular structures within the tumor. Seven tumors were classic type, which were composed of bland-looking spindle neoplastic cells without mitoses, arranging in intersecting fascicles, and interrupted by thick hyalinized collagen bundles. One case was of epithelioid variant, demonstrating epithelioid neoplastic cells diffusely arranged or in cluster. The other one case was mixed spindle and epithelioid-cell type. Atypical tumor cells were observed in 3 cases. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were diffusely positive for desmin (9/9) and CD34 (6/9), as well as ER (7/7), PR (6/6) and bcl-2 (3/3). SMA (4/7) and Calponin (1/2) were focally or partially positive in some cases. H-caldesmon (1/2) was weakly positive and epithelial markers were negative. Ki-67 proliferation index was low (<10%). There was no monoallelic loss of FOXO1/13q14 loci in the detected case according to FISH analysis. Follow-up data were available for all patients, and follow-up period ranged from 12 to 78 months. All patients remained well without recurrence. Mammary myofibroblastoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor. In some circumstances, it may exhibit confusing morphologies, including some variants. The epithelioid variant of mammary myofibroblastoma might mimic invasive lobular carcinoma, leading to the diagnostic dilemmas and even misdiagnosis, especially in core needle biopsy specimen or frozen sections. Familiarity with the characteristics of this tumor is of great importance for accurate diagnosis and proper treatment.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; Carcinoma, Lobular; China; Collagen; Desmin; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Errors; Epithelioid Cells; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Microfilament Proteins; Middle Aged; Mitotic Index; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue; Calponins
PubMed: 30317728
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2018.10.003 -
Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods Jun 2017The color additive, tartrazine (TRZ), is widely used in food products, drugs and cosmetics. Genotoxicity of TRZ and its metabolites has not been investigated in detail...
The color additive, tartrazine (TRZ), is widely used in food products, drugs and cosmetics. Genotoxicity of TRZ and its metabolites has not been investigated in detail in the presence and absence of a metabolic activator (S9 mix) in human. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of TRZ and its metabolites on cultured human lymphocytes by using chromosome aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests. Cultures were treated with 625, 1250 and 2500 μg/ml of TRZ in the presence and absence of S9 mix. TRZ showed cytotoxic activity at the highest concentration due to significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) in the absence of S9 mix when compared with solvent control. TRZ and metabolites significantly increased the CAs and aberrant cells in the presence and absence of S9 mix at the higher concentrations. Increased MN values in cultures with and without S9 mix were found to significantly at the highest concentration when tested. Our results indicated that while both TRZ and its metabolites have genotoxic potential on human lymphocyte cultures with and without S9 mix, TRZ can induce cytotoxicity at the highest concentration in culture without S9 mix under the experimental conditions.
Topics: Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Chromosome Aberrations; Coloring Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Inactivation, Metabolic; Lymphocytes; Male; Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective; Microsomes, Liver; Mitotic Index; Tartrazine; Young Adult
PubMed: 28264634
DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1296051 -
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging :... Apr 2021Treatment regimens and prognoses of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are quite different for tumors in different risk categories. Accurate preoperative grading of...
BACKGROUND
Treatment regimens and prognoses of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are quite different for tumors in different risk categories. Accurate preoperative grading of tumors is important for avoiding under- or overtreatment.
PURPOSE
To develop and validate an MRI texture-based model to predict the mitotic index and its risk classification.
STUDY TYPE
Retrospective.
POPULATION
Ninety-one patients with histologically-confirmed GIST; 64 patients in a training cohort, and 27 patients in a test cohort.
FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE
T -weighted imaging (T WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced three-dimensional volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (3D-VIBE) at 1.5T.
ASSESSMENT
GIST images were manually segmented by two independent radiologists using ITK-SNAP software and MRI features were extracted using Pyradiomics. Two pathologists reviewed the tissue specimens of the tumors to identify the mitotic index and risk classification in consensus.
STATISTICAL TESTS
The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method was used to select texture features. A logistic regression model was established based on the radiomic score (radscore), tumor location, and maximum diameter to predict tumor classification and develop a nomogram. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the ability of the nomogram to distinguish between two tumors with different risk classifications, and a calibration curve was used to evaluate the consistency between the predicted risk and the actual risk.
RESULTS
The texture signature achieved high efficacy in predicting the mitotic index area under the curve ([AUC], 0.906; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.813, 0.961). A nomogram for prediction of the risk classification of GIST, which incorporated this texture signature together with maximum tumor diameter and location, allowed good discrimination in the training cohort (AUC, 0.878; 95% CI: 0.769, 0.960) and the validation cohort (AUC, 0.903; 95% CI: 0.732, 0.922).
DATA CONCLUSION
The texture-based model can be used to predict GIST mitotic index and risk classification preoperatively.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
2.
TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE
3.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mitotic Index; Nomograms; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33037745
DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27390 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta May 2015Cancer cells with defective DNA decatenation checkpoint can be selectively targeted by the catalytic inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) enzyme. Upon...
Cancer cells with defective DNA decatenation checkpoint can be selectively targeted by the catalytic inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) enzyme. Upon treatment with catalytic topo IIα inhibitors, cells with defective decatenation checkpoint fail to arrest their cell cycle in G2 phase and enter into M phase with catenated and under-condensed chromosomes resulting into impaired mitosis and eventually cell death. In the present work we analyzed decatenation checkpoint in five different colon cancer cell lines (HCT116, HT-29, Caco2, COLO 205 and SW480) and in one non-cancerous cell line (HEK293T). Four out of the five colon cancer cell lines i.e. HCT116, HT-29, Caco2, and COLO 205 were found to be compromised for the decatenation checkpoint function at different extents, whereas SW480 and HEK293T cell lines were found to be proficient for the checkpoint function. Upon treatment with ICRF193, decatenation checkpoint defective cell lines failed to arrest the cell cycle in G2 phase and entered into M phase without proper chromosomal decatenation, resulting into the formation of tangled mass of catenated and under-condensed chromosomes. Such cells underwent mitotic catastrophe and rapid apoptosis like cell death and showed higher sensitivity for ICRF193. Our study suggests that catalytic inhibitors of topoisomerase IIα are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of colon cancers with defective DNA decatenation checkpoint.
Topics: Biocatalysis; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Cell Death; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Chromosomes, Human; Colonic Neoplasms; Diketopiperazines; Etoposide; G2 Phase; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Mitosis; Mitotic Index; Piperazines; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; Tumor Stem Cell Assay
PubMed: 25746763
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.02.021 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Mar 2022Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women. Turmeric is isolated from Curcuma longa. Curcumin is main curcuminoid of the turmeric which...
OBJECTIVE
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women. Turmeric is isolated from Curcuma longa. Curcumin is main curcuminoid of the turmeric which is a member of Zingiberaceae. In this current study antiproliferative effects of curcumin were investigated in luminal A breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.
METHODS
For this purpose cell viability, cell index values by xCELLigence Real-Time Cell Analysis DP instrument, mitotic index and apoptotic index analysis were used.
RESULTS
Cell viability and cell index values showed that 75 µM concentration of curcumin was IC50 concentration. When IC50 concentration was applied to both cell lines, a significant decrease was observed in the mitotic index values, while a significant increase was observed in the apoptotic index values (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Curcumin, which has antiproliferative effects on breast cancer cells, is thought to be effective in cancer treatment.
Topics: Cell Survival; Curcumin; Female; Humans; Mitotic Index; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
PubMed: 35345363
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.3.911