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Cell Host & Microbe Dec 2022The monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak confirmed in May 2022 in non-endemic countries is raising concern about the pandemic potential of novel orthopoxviruses. Little is...
The monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak confirmed in May 2022 in non-endemic countries is raising concern about the pandemic potential of novel orthopoxviruses. Little is known regarding MPXV immunity in the context of MPXV infection or vaccination with vaccinia-based vaccines (VACV). As with vaccinia, T cells are likely to provide an important contribution to overall immunity to MPXV. Here, we leveraged the epitope information available in the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) on VACV to predict potential MPXV targets recognized by CD4 and CD8 T cell responses. We found a high degree of conservation between VACV epitopes and MPXV and defined T cell immunodominant targets. These analyses enabled the design of peptide pools able to experimentally detect VACV-specific T cell responses and MPXV cross-reactive T cells in a cohort of vaccinated individuals. Our findings will facilitate the monitoring of cellular immunity following MPXV infection and vaccination.
Topics: Humans; Vaccinia virus; Monkeypox virus; Vaccinia; Mpox (monkeypox); Epitopes
PubMed: 36463861
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.11.003 -
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience :... Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Scheuermann Disease; Spine
PubMed: 37307717
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2023.05.022 -
Orthopedic Nursing
Topics: Humans; Scheuermann Disease; Radiography; Spinal Fusion
PubMed: 36702097
DOI: 10.1097/NOR.0000000000000914 -
Pediatric Clinics of North America Feb 2020Pediatric spine disorders are numerous and are quite different when compared with the adult population. This article focuses on some of the more common pediatric spine... (Review)
Review
Pediatric spine disorders are numerous and are quite different when compared with the adult population. This article focuses on some of the more common pediatric spine disorders. This article summarizes such disorders and discusses typical treatment options in the pediatric orthopedic armamentarium.
Topics: Child; Humans; Scheuermann Disease; Scoliosis; Spinal Diseases; Spondylolysis
PubMed: 31779832
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2019.09.008 -
Journal of Virology Aug 2022Human enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a globally reemerging respiratory pathogen that is associated with the development of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) in children.... (Review)
Review
Human enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a globally reemerging respiratory pathogen that is associated with the development of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) in children. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or treatments for EV-D68 infection, and there is a paucity of data related to the virus and host-specific factors that predict disease severity and progression to the neurologic syndrome. EV-D68 infection of various animal models has served as an important platform for characterization and comparison of disease pathogenesis between historic and contemporary isolates. Still, there are significant gaps in our knowledge of EV-D68 pathogenesis that constrain the development and evaluation of targeted vaccines and antiviral therapies. Continued refinement and characterization of animal models that faithfully reproduce key elements of EV-D68 infection and disease is essential for ensuring public health preparedness for future EV-D68 outbreaks.
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Central Nervous System Viral Diseases; Child; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Progression; Enterovirus D, Human; Enterovirus Infections; Humans; Models, Animal; Myelitis; Viral Vaccines
PubMed: 35852353
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00833-22 -
European Spine Journal : Official... Feb 2020Opposed to proximal junctional kyphosis and proximal junctional failure, their distal equivalents, distal junctional kyphosis and failure (DJK/DJF) have received less... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Opposed to proximal junctional kyphosis and proximal junctional failure, their distal equivalents, distal junctional kyphosis and failure (DJK/DJF) have received less attention in the literature. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the problem of DJK-DJF in different clinical scenarios such as adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), Scheuermann's kyphosis (SK) and adult deformity surgery and to suggest a strategy for prevention and treatment.
METHODS
A narrative review of the literature was conducted to identify the best evidence on the risk factors of the problem.
RESULTS
DJK/DJF have been described as a complication of AIS, SK and adult spine deformity (ASD). For AIS and SK, the choice of a lower instrumented vertebra more cranial than the sagittal stable vertebra has shown to increase the incidence of DJK and DJF. For ASD, constructs ending with S1 pedicle screws had a higher incidence of DJK/DJF than those ending distally with S1 pedicle plus iliac screws.
CONCLUSION
The proposed strategy of treatment includes restoration of normal sagittal alignment, choice of a distal fixation point stable in the sagittal, coronal and transverse planes, balancing the fusion mass over the distal fixation point and providing solid fixation at the distal end of the construct. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Topics: Humans; Incidence; Kyphosis; Pedicle Screws; Reoperation; Scheuermann Disease; Scoliosis; Spine
PubMed: 31993790
DOI: 10.1007/s00586-020-06304-y -
Orthopedic Reviews Sep 2015To investigate and monitor the progression of scoliosis and other spinal deformities in patients following idiopathic scoliosis (IS), non-invasive and radiation-free... (Review)
Review
To investigate and monitor the progression of scoliosis and other spinal deformities in patients following idiopathic scoliosis (IS), non-invasive and radiation-free techniques are recommended because of the need for repeated radiographs. In a clinical setting, spine parameters can be quickly, cheaply and easily assessed using rasterstereography (RS). To assess the validity of the radiation-free technique RS based on surface topography compared with radiographs. MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library and EMBASE were systematically searched for studies which investigate the validity of rasterstereography compared with x-ray measurements. Studies published between January 1, 1990 and July 31, 2013 in English, German and French were included. Studies dealing with magnetic resonance imaging were excluded. Twelve studies with 570 patients were included; these articles were published between 1990 and 2013. The majority of studies investigated patients with IS, but other spinal pathologies included were thoracic hyperkyphosis and Scheuermann's disease. With regard to the quality assessment criteria for the included studies, three out of twelve studies were evaluated using a twelve point scale and two used a scale with eleven points. We conclude that RS facilitates clinical practice by analysing the spinal column. It is completely radiation-free and could help to monitor scoliosis progression.
PubMed: 26605027
DOI: 10.4081/or.2015.5899 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Scoliosis and Scheuermann's disease are common spinal deformities that affect a substantial population, particularly adolescents, often impacting their quality of life.... (Review)
Review
Scoliosis and Scheuermann's disease are common spinal deformities that affect a substantial population, particularly adolescents, often impacting their quality of life. This comprehensive review aims to present a detailed understanding of these conditions, their diagnosis, and various treatment strategies. Through an extensive exploration of current literature, the review discusses the etiology of these spinal deformities and the use of diagnostic tools such as X-rays and MRI. It further delves into the range of treatment options available, from conservative approaches such as physiotherapy and bracing to more invasive surgical interventions. The review underscores the necessity of an individualized treatment approach, taking into account factors such as the patient's age, the severity of the curvature, and overall health. This all-encompassing perspective on scoliosis and Scheuermann's disease will aid in evidence-based decision making in their management with the goal of improving patient outcomes.
PubMed: 37374124
DOI: 10.3390/life13061341