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Radiographics : a Review Publication of... 2020Intra-abdominal calcifications are common. Multiple pathologic processes manifest within the abdomen and pelvis in association with calcifications, which can be benign,... (Review)
Review
Intra-abdominal calcifications are common. Multiple pathologic processes manifest within the abdomen and pelvis in association with calcifications, which can be benign, premalignant, or malignant. Although calcium deposition in the abdomen can occur secondary to various mechanisms, the most common cau se is cellular injury that leads to dystrophic calcifications. The authors provide a summary of various common and uncommon calcifications in the abdomen and pelvis, primarily using location to illuminate diagnostic significance. Six broad categories of calcifications in the abdomen and pelvis are recognized: mesenteric, peritoneal, retroperitoneal, organ-based, vascular, and musculoskeletal. In addition to site, the various patterns and morphology of calcifications encountered in various conditions can be helpful for diagnosis, especially those depicted on radiographs. For example, some patterns diagnostic for various conditions include round or oval stones in the biliary or urothelial tracts, curvilinear calcifications associated with cysts or neoplasms, and sheetlike calcifications along peritoneal surfaces in the setting of chronic peritoneal dialysis or metastatic disease. Organ encrustation with calcium may be a premalignant finding (eg, porcelain gallbladder). In addition, the development of calcium after initiation of treatment can be used as an indicator of response in conditions such as tuberculosis, lymphoma, and hydatid disease. As calcifications are almost invariably detected at imaging, it is imperative for radiologists to be aware of their diagnostic implications and use the presence of calcification in an organ, mass, or other anatomic location for problem solving. RSNA, 2020.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Abdominal Neoplasms; Calcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Pelvis
PubMed: 32302263
DOI: 10.1148/rg.2020190152 -
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and... Dec 2016Microdialysis is used for in vivo sampling of extracellular molecules. The technique provides a continuous and dynamic view of concentrations of both endogenous released... (Review)
Review
Microdialysis is used for in vivo sampling of extracellular molecules. The technique provides a continuous and dynamic view of concentrations of both endogenous released and exogenous administered substances. Microdialysis carries a low risk of complications and has proven to be a safe procedure in humans. The technique has been applied in several clinical areas, including gastrointestinal surgery. Microdialysis may be used for studies of tissue metabolism, and the technique is also a promising tool for pharmacological studies of drug penetration into abdominal organ tissue and the peritoneal cavity. The clinical significance of intraabdominal microdialysis in postoperative monitoring of surgical patients has yet to be proven. In this review, we introduce the microdialysis technique, and we present an overview of theoretical and practical considerations that should be taken into account when using microdialysis in intraabdominal clinical research.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Diffusion; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Extracellular Fluid; Glucose; Glycerol; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Lactic Acid; Membranes, Artificial; Microdialysis; Monitoring, Physiologic; Postoperative Care; Pyruvic Acid; Rheology
PubMed: 27701896
DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2016.1233574 -
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery Nov 2018Abdominal surgery has undergone major changes during the last two decades with a general shift from open, invasive surgery to closed minimally invasive surgery.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Abdominal surgery has undergone major changes during the last two decades with a general shift from open, invasive surgery to closed minimally invasive surgery. Accordingly, pain management strategies have also changed, especially with the introduction of ultrasound-guided abdominal wall blocks. Despite laparoscopic abdominal surgery classified as minimal, pain can be quite significant and needs to be addressed appropriately.
PURPOSE
This narrative review focuses on adequate pain strategies for various types of surgery. The respective techniques are described and examples of specific pain management strategies given. Advantages and disadvantages of techniques are discussed. This review can serve as a sort of empirical guideline and orientation for the reader to develop their own strategy as well as bringing surgeons up-to-date with the latest anesthetic techniques.
CONCLUSION
Pain is not less or less relevant in minimally invasive surgery. New hallmarks of a multimodal pain strategy are abdominal wall blocks, either as single shot or continuously. Minor open surgery is best performed under a combination of loco-regional blocks and continuous sedation. Abdominal wall blocks, NSAIDs, and short-acting opioids given by nurses or as PCA present the best multimodal pain strategy in abdominal surgery. Epidural analgesia and spinal anesthesia have become second-line options or are reserved for specific patient morbidities or surgical requirements.
Topics: Abdomen; Abdominal Cavity; Abdominal Wall; Anesthesia; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Laparotomy; Male; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Pain Management; Pain Measurement
PubMed: 30284029
DOI: 10.1007/s00423-018-1705-y -
American Journal of Surgery Jun 2022
Topics: Abdomen; Abdominal Cavity; Chest Pain; Humans
PubMed: 34809909
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.11.009 -
Medsurg Nursing : Official Journal of... 2014Postoperative ileus (POI) is a possible complication after abdominal surgery. The exact pathophysiology is unknown. Nurses should be aware of associated symptoms and...
Postoperative ileus (POI) is a possible complication after abdominal surgery. The exact pathophysiology is unknown. Nurses should be aware of associated symptoms and evidence-based treatments to prevent or reduce the time of POI.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Evidence-Based Nursing; Humans; Ileus; Nursing Care; Postoperative Complications; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26281633
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Opinion in Critical Care Feb 2017This article reviews the key principles of abdominal compartment syndrome and the open abdomen, exploring some of the unresolved issues. It reviews new concepts in care. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article reviews the key principles of abdominal compartment syndrome and the open abdomen, exploring some of the unresolved issues. It reviews new concepts in care.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent use of peritoneal resuscitation, and benefits of mesh-mediated traction are discussed. Abdominal compartment syndrome remains a result of complex interaction between general haemorrhage, sepsis and fluid resuscitation. Improved resuscitation and sepsis control has decreased but not abolished the need for the open abdomen and progression for abdominal compartment syndrome. Fourth-generation abdominal wall dressings need to be combined with a dynamic closure system; currently, negative pressure wound therapy at the index open abdomen coupled with mesh-mediated tractions offers the best outcome.
SUMMARY
The key to optimizing outcome is early abdominal closure within 7 days because failure to do so will increase morbidity, mortality and fistulae formation. Novel techniques complementing existing de-resuscitation techniques are discussed.
Topics: Abdomen; Abdominal Cavity; Abdominal Wall; Compartment Syndromes; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Intra-Abdominal Hypertension; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy; Peritonitis; Sepsis
PubMed: 27941356
DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000371 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... 2020Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In recent decades, US, CT,... (Review)
Review
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In recent decades, US, CT, and MRI have surpassed catheter-based angiography as the imaging examinations of choice for evaluation of vascular structures and identification of thrombus owing to their ready availability, noninvasive nature, and, in the cases of US and MRI, lack of exposure to ionizing radiation. As a result, VTE and associated complications are commonly identified in day-to-day radiologic practice across a variety of clinical settings. A wide range of hereditary and acquired conditions can increase the risk for development of venous thrombosis, and many patients with these conditions may undergo imaging for unrelated reasons, leading to the incidental detection of VTE or one of the associated complications. Although the development of VTE may be an isolated occurrence, the imaging findings, in conjunction with the clinical history and vascular risk factors, may indicate a predisposing condition or underlying diagnosis. Furthermore, awareness of the many clinical conditions that result in an increased risk of venous thrombosis may aid in detection of thrombus and any concomitant complications. For these reasons, it is important that practicing radiologists be familiar with the multimodality imaging findings of thrombosis, understand the spectrum of diseases that contribute to the development of thrombosis, and recognize the potential complications of hypercoagulable states and venous thrombosis. RSNA, 2020.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Humans; Pelvis; Thrombophilia; Venous Thrombosis
PubMed: 32330086
DOI: 10.1148/rg.2020190097 -
Journal of Perioperative Practice Dec 2018
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Clinical Competence; Female; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Male; Prognosis; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Visceral Prolapse
PubMed: 30035692
DOI: 10.1177/1750458918790178 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... Oct 2022US and MRI-guided therapeutic US (TUS) can aid in the treatment of prostate, liver, and pancreatic cancer, as well as uterine fibroids and osseous metastases, and...
US and MRI-guided therapeutic US (TUS) can aid in the treatment of prostate, liver, and pancreatic cancer, as well as uterine fibroids and osseous metastases, and understanding the selection and optimization of treatment strategies is essential to furthering TUS advances and innovations.
Topics: Abdomen; Abdominal Cavity; Humans; Pelvis
PubMed: 36190852
DOI: 10.1148/rg.220044 -
Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology Jun 2020If it is medically necessary to perform nonobstetrical abdominal surgery in pregnancy, a minimally invasive approach should be considered. The benefits of laparoscopy... (Review)
Review
If it is medically necessary to perform nonobstetrical abdominal surgery in pregnancy, a minimally invasive approach should be considered. The benefits of laparoscopy are well known and current studies promote the safety of laparoscopy in pregnancy, when certain guidelines are followed. This article will review the safety of surgery in pregnancy, maternal physiology, fetal considerations, maternal obesity, laparoscopic cerclage, large adnexal mass, and complications. Guidelines for surgery will be reviewed as well.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Female; Humans; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Obesity; Postoperative Complications; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Risk Adjustment; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 32195684
DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000527