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Seminars in Pediatric Surgery Dec 2014The peritoneum is commonly encountered in abdominal surgery. The development and rotation of the primitive gut tube lead to the normal adult arrangement of the... (Review)
Review
The peritoneum is commonly encountered in abdominal surgery. The development and rotation of the primitive gut tube lead to the normal adult arrangement of the peritoneal cavity, which forms bloodless planes allowing the retroperitoneal portions of the bowel to be safely mobilised. The arrangement of the peritoneum also forms spaces in which infected fluid or pus can collect. The microcirculation of peritoneal fluid is now well understood, and the large absorptive surface of the peritoneum can be exploited in peritoneal dialysis. The absorption of gas by the peritoneum following abdominal surgery is faster in neonates than in older children, and understanding this process contributes to the interpretation of post-operative radiographs.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Peritoneum
PubMed: 25459436
DOI: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2014.06.002 -
Clinical Imaging 2015This review article illustrates a spectrum of arterial pseudoaneurysms that may occur in various locations throughout the thoracoabdominal region. This article discusses... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
This review article illustrates a spectrum of arterial pseudoaneurysms that may occur in various locations throughout the thoracoabdominal region. This article discusses the common etiologies and typical clinical presentations of arterial pseudoaneurysms as well as the imaging modalities employed in their diagnosis and potential treatment options.
OBJECTIVE
The goal of this review article is to familiarize radiologists with the diagnosis of thoracoabdominal arterial pseudoaneurysms, the prompt identification and treatment of which are crucial in this patient population.
CONCLUSION
In summary, a thorough understanding of the etiologies, imaging characteristics, and clinical implications of pseudoaneurysms can help optimize identification and management of this spectrum of disease.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Aneurysm, False; Duodenum; Heart Aneurysm; Hepatic Artery; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Mesenteric Artery, Superior; Pancreas; Pulmonary Artery; Radiography, Thoracic; Renal Artery; Splenic Artery; Thoracic Cavity; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 25682302
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2015.01.013 -
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery :... Dec 2023The liver is one the largest organs in the abdomen and the most frequent site of metastases for gastrointestinal tumors. Surgery on this complex and highly vascularized...
The liver is one the largest organs in the abdomen and the most frequent site of metastases for gastrointestinal tumors. Surgery on this complex and highly vascularized organ can be associated with high morbidity even in experienced hands. A thorough understanding of liver anatomy is key to approaching liver surgery with confidence and preventing complications. The aim of this quiz is to provide an active learning tool for a comprehensive understanding of liver anatomy and its integration into clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Portal Vein; Liver; Abdomen; Abdominal Cavity; Hepatic Artery
PubMed: 37803180
DOI: 10.1007/s11605-023-05778-7 -
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology :... Oct 2021A total of 580 pregnant and 50 puerperal women were included in this cross-sectional study to assess the physiological changes that allow women to adapt to a chronic...
A total of 580 pregnant and 50 puerperal women were included in this cross-sectional study to assess the physiological changes that allow women to adapt to a chronic increase in intra-abdominal pressure during pregnancy. The volume of the uterus, intra-abdominal volume (IAV), visceral and subcutaneous fat was calculated. During pregnancy, the IAV increases up to 1.5 times. Changes in IAV until 24 weeks present a linear relationship (5.2%); thereafter, changes become exponential and, at 40 weeks, IAV increases by 61%. This fact is exclusively related to the progressive growth of the foetus and to the increase in uterine size. At term, the IAV reserve is exhausted, becoming equal the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the abdomen.In conclusion, the adaptive capabilities of IAV related to the foetal growth are limited by the IAV reserve. The reserve capacity of the IAV and tensile properties of the abdominal wall can be estimated by the dynamics of the anteroposterior and transverse abdominal diameters.IMPACT STATEMENT A causal relationship between intra-abdominal hypertension and the development of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes has been suggested. Nevertheless, the role of this condition as a leading cause of systemic dysfunction during pregnancy remains unrecognised and underestimated. This study assesses the dynamics of IAV in uncomplicated singleton pregnancies. The study of abdominal pressure indicators such as intra-abdominal volume and compliance will help to a better understand the aetiology, pathophysiology, prognosis and treatment strategies for pregnant women with intra-abdominal hypertension.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Anthropometry; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Organ Size; Pregnancy; Pressure; Uterus
PubMed: 33251897
DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1820470 -
Radiological features and clinical implications of persistent congenital mesocolon: Pictorial essay.Journal of Medical Imaging and... Apr 2022In human foetus, the mesenteries that carry vascular and neural supply to the alimentary tube play an important role in its development and anatomical location within... (Review)
Review
In human foetus, the mesenteries that carry vascular and neural supply to the alimentary tube play an important role in its development and anatomical location within the abdominal cavity. The mesenteric attachments of the small bowel, transverse colon and sigmoid allow them to be intraperitoneally mobile structures. In contrast, the ascending and descending colon lose their mesenteries by fusion with the parietal peritoneum and become fixed in retroperitoneal position along the posterolateral walls of the abdomen. In about 2%-4% of individuals, this process is disrupted, causing a complete or partial retention of their congenital mesocolon. The ascending or descending colon will then remain intraperitoneally mobile, affecting the normal visceral anatomy and causing potential complications. This article reviews the spectrum of radiological manifestations and clinical consequences of these anomalies.
Topics: Colon, Sigmoid; Humans; Laparoscopy; Mesocolon; Peritoneum; Radiography
PubMed: 34747133
DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13347 -
Clinical Imaging Dec 2021Computed tomography (CT) can both locate and identify foreign bodies as well as pinpoint complications to help direct treatment. Retained foreign bodies in the abdomen... (Review)
Review
Computed tomography (CT) can both locate and identify foreign bodies as well as pinpoint complications to help direct treatment. Retained foreign bodies in the abdomen and pelvis can lead to perforation, obstruction, intussusception, fistula formation, and abdominal abscess formation. This article reviews the imaging appearance of incidentally found common foreign bodies and the role of CT in identifying unsuspected foreign bodies.
Topics: Abdomen; Abdominal Cavity; Foreign Bodies; Humans; Pelvis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34224951
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.06.029 -
The Lancet. Child & Adolescent Health Jun 2021This Review depicts the evolving role of MRI in the diagnosis and prognostication of anomalies of the fetal body, here including head and neck, thorax, abdomen and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
This Review depicts the evolving role of MRI in the diagnosis and prognostication of anomalies of the fetal body, here including head and neck, thorax, abdomen and spine. A review of the current literature on the latest developments in antenatal imaging for diagnosis and prognostication of congenital anomalies is coupled with illustrative cases in true radiological planes with viewable three-dimensional video models that show the potential of post-acquisition reconstruction protocols. We discuss the benefits and limitations of fetal MRI, from anomaly detection, to classification and prognostication, and defines the role of imaging in the decision to proceed to fetal intervention, across the breadth of included conditions. We also consider the current capabilities of ultrasound and explore how MRI and ultrasound can complement each other in the future of fetal imaging.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Clinical Decision-Making; Congenital Abnormalities; Female; Gestational Age; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Prenatal Diagnosis; Prognosis; Radiology; Spinal Diseases; Thoracic Diseases; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Urologic Diseases; Video Recording
PubMed: 33721554
DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30313-8 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Aug 2016BACKGROUND Planned re-laparotomies are a series of surgical interventions that are rarely used and have a high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to investigate...
BACKGROUND Planned re-laparotomies are a series of surgical interventions that are rarely used and have a high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting mortality and the effectiveness of the use of the Bogota bag for temporary closure of the abdomen in patients for whom re-laparotomy was planned. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective examination was made of data of patients in whom a Bogota bag was used in planned re-laparotomies for various reasons in the General Surgery Department of Suleyman Demirel University Medical Faculty between June 2008 and April 2014. RESULTS Bogota bags were used in a total of 38 patients, comprising 23 (60.5%) males and 15 (39.5%) females, with a mean age of 58.94±17.89 years. The mean period of hospitalization was 14.5 days (range, 1-143 days) and the mean number of operations during that time was 3 (range, 1-11). The mean duration of intensive care unit stay was 6 days (range, 1-143 days). Malignancy was determined in 8 patients (21.1%). Indications were intra-abdominal sepsis in 23 patients (60.5%), mesenteric vascular disease in 10 patients (26.3%), and packing was required in 5 patients (13.2%). Mortality developed in 25 patients (65.8%). A significant relationship was determined between mortality and a diagnosis of mesenteric artery ischemia (p: 0.035). The mortality rate was 56% (n: 13) in patients diagnosed with intra-abdominal sepsis. A relationship was determined between mortality and age (p: 0.015), duration of hospital stay (p: 0.007), need for cardiac inotrope (p: 0.01), and need for mechanical ventilation (p: 0.01). The mean Apache II score was 26.4±5 for patients who died and 15.8±5.2 for surviving patients (p<0.001). In 5 (38.4%) of the 13 surviving patients, primary repair was applied to the abdomen, and in the remaining 8 patients abdominal wall repair was performed using dual mesh. CONCLUSIONS In patients in whom a Bogota bag was used, which is a cheap and easy method for temporary closure of the abdomen, the high mortality rates seen are related to diagnosis, Apache II score, age, and organ failure.
Topics: Abdomen; Abdominal Cavity; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Laparotomy; Length of Stay; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Wound Healing
PubMed: 27530309
DOI: 10.12659/msm.897109 -
BioMed Research International 2021The National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) in Thailand researched and prototyped digital radiography systems under the brand name BodiiRay aiming for...
BACKGROUND
The National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) in Thailand researched and prototyped digital radiography systems under the brand name BodiiRay aiming for sustainable development and affordability of medical imaging technology. The image restoration and enhancement were implemented for the systems.
PURPOSE
The image quality of the systems was evaluated using images from phantoms and from healthy volunteers.
METHODS
The survey phantom images from BodiiRay and other two commercial systems using the exposure settings for the chest, the abdomen, and the extremity were evaluated by three experience observers in terms of the high-contrast image resolution, the low-contrast image detectability, and the grayscale differentiation. The volunteer images of the chests, the abdomens, and the extremities from BodiiRay were evaluated by three specialized radiologists based on visual grading on 5-point scaled questionnaires for the anatomy visibility, the image quality satisfaction, and the diagnosis confidence in using the images.
RESULTS
BodiiRay phantom results were similar to those from the commercial systems. The overall performance averaged across the exposure settings showed that BodiiRay was slightly better than Fujifilm FDR Go in the low-contrast detectability ( = 0.033) and in the grayscale differentiation ( = 0.004). It was also slightly better than Siemens YSIO Max in the high-contrast resolution ( = 0.018). The images of chest, pelvis, and hand phantoms illustrated comparable visual quality. For volunteer images, the percentage of the images scored ≥4 ranged from 61% to 99%, 23% to 92%, and 96% to 99% for the chest, abdomen, and extremity images, respectively. The average score ranged from 3.63 to 4.46, 3.18 to 4.21, and 4.41 to 4.51 for the chest, abdomen, and extremity images, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The phantom image results showed the comparability of these systems. The clinical evaluation showed BodiiRay images provided sufficient image qualities for digital radiography of these body parts.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Hand; Humans; Pelvis; Phantoms, Imaging; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Radiography, Thoracic; Thailand; Thorax
PubMed: 34869760
DOI: 10.1155/2021/3102673 -
Aesthetic Surgery Journal May 2023Abdominal high-definition liposuction has been practiced for many years. However, problems such as low-lying, "sad-looking" umbilici and lower abdominal "pooches" remain...
BACKGROUND
Abdominal high-definition liposuction has been practiced for many years. However, problems such as low-lying, "sad-looking" umbilici and lower abdominal "pooches" remain unresolved. Additionally, the waistline, as the pivotal point connecting the chest and hips, deserves more attention and improvement.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to use polydioxanone (PDO) threads after liposuction: (1) to improve the shape and position of the umbilicus permanently; (2) to tighten the lower abdomen permanently; and (3) to redefine "high-definition" liposuction.
METHODS
All patients underwent high-definition liposuction of the abdomen and waist. After liposuction, bidirectional, barbed PDO threads were placed in the upper central abdomen. The threads were pulled to cinch the upper abdominal skin and then tied. The resulting umbilicus elevation was measured for up to 12 months. Higher waistlines were also created to match higher-positioned umbilici.
RESULTS
Fifty-two female subjects were included. The range of umbilicus elevation at 12 months was 0.8 to 3.6 cm. Most umbilici were converted to vertical orientation, and lower abdomens became lengthened, flattened, and tightened. Moreover, the enhanced waistlines and body curves created better body proportions.
CONCLUSIONS
This technique results in permanent elevation and shape enhancement of both umbilicus and lower abdomen. In addition, because the umbilicus is raised, a higher waistline can be created without any discordance, making the lower limbs appear longer. Overall, the maneuvers contributed to the restoration/rejuvenation of the abdomen and created a better overall body shape and proportion.
Topics: Humans; Female; Umbilicus; Lipectomy; Polydioxanone; Abdomen; Abdominal Cavity; Abdominal Wall
PubMed: 35977112
DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjac232