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The New England Journal of Medicine Oct 2021
Review
Topics: Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Computed Tomography Angiography; Endovascular Procedures; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; Vascular Grafting; Watchful Waiting
PubMed: 34706173
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp2108504 -
Current Cardiology Reviews 2023Pseudocoarctaion of the aorta is a rare congenital anomaly occurring in isolation or with other congenital heart diseases. The anatomical basis of the condition is... (Review)
Review
Pseudocoarctaion of the aorta is a rare congenital anomaly occurring in isolation or with other congenital heart diseases. The anatomical basis of the condition is linked to an elongated, redundant aorta which may affect the arch, or the abdominal aorta rarely giving rise to kink and buckling without causing any significant functional stenosis. It should be carefully differentiated from the common true coarctation of the aorta. No clinical features are specific to pseudo coarctation and are often diagnosed incidentally. Although asymptomatic in the majority, few patients can have nonspecific symptoms and complications due to aneurysm formation, dissection, or rupture of the aorta. Hence Pseudocoarctaion should be closely followed for the onset of symptoms or possible complications. Without recommendations, no specific therapy is indicated in asymptomatic patients, although symptoms and complications warrant definitive treatment. As the natural history of the disease is unknown, the condition, when diagnosed, should be closely followed up for the occurrence of any complications. This article reports a pseudo aortic coarctation involving the arch and a brief literature review of this rare congenital anomaly.
Topics: Humans; Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Coarctation; Heart Defects, Congenital
PubMed: 36999416
DOI: 10.2174/1573403X19666230329135028 -
Journal of Cardiovascular Computed... 2015Aortoenteric fistula is a rare clinical entity. Early clinical and imaging diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are crucial for patient survival. We present a case...
Aortoenteric fistula is a rare clinical entity. Early clinical and imaging diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are crucial for patient survival. We present a case of aortoenteric fistula with direct contrast extravasation from the abdominal aorta into an ileal loop during Multi-Detector Computed Tomography scan.
Topics: Aged; Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Diseases; Aortography; Endovascular Procedures; Humans; Ileal Diseases; Intestinal Fistula; Male; Multidetector Computed Tomography; Predictive Value of Tests; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25958007
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2015.03.009 -
Radiologic Clinics of North America Nov 2015Acute disorders of the abdominal aorta are potentially lethal conditions that require prompt evaluation and treatment. Computed tomography (CT) is the primary imaging... (Review)
Review
Acute disorders of the abdominal aorta are potentially lethal conditions that require prompt evaluation and treatment. Computed tomography (CT) is the primary imaging method for evaluating these conditions because of its availability and speed. Volumetric CT acquisition with multiplanar reconstruction and three-dimensional analysis is now the standard technique for evaluating the aorta. MR imaging may be useful for select applications in stable patients in whom rupture has been excluded. Imaging is indispensable for diagnosis and treatment planning, because management has shifted toward endoluminal repair. Acute abdominal aortic conditions most commonly are complications of aneurysms and atherosclerosis.
Topics: Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Diseases; Aortic Rupture; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 26526434
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2015.06.007 -
Current Rheumatology Reports Nov 2018We aim to review traditional concepts and recent developments on the nosology, pathophysiology, clinical phenotypes and treatment of chronic periaortitis (CP). (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
We aim to review traditional concepts and recent developments on the nosology, pathophysiology, clinical phenotypes and treatment of chronic periaortitis (CP).
RECENT FINDINGS
CP is a rare disorder hallmarked by a periaortic fibro-inflammatory tissue. It can present as an isolated disease, but it can also be associated with other autoimmune and fibro-inflammatory lesions (e.g., fibrosing mediastinitis, sclerosing pancreato-cholangitis) that are part of the spectrum of IgG4-related disease. In a subgroup of patients, it also involves the thoracic aorta (so-called "diffuse periaortitis"), which supports the notion of an inflammatory disorder of large arteries. The pathogenesis of CP is multifactorial: recent studies have elucidated the predisposing role of immunogenetic variants and exposures to environmental agents such as smoking and asbestos. CP is a rare immune-mediated disease that affects the abdominal aorta and the iliac arteries and, in some cases, the thoracic aorta. It may overlap with manifestations of IgG4-related disease, and its treatment comprises glucocorticoids, conventional and biological immunosuppressive agents.
Topics: Aorta, Abdominal; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
PubMed: 30397845
DOI: 10.1007/s11926-018-0789-2 -
Radiologic Technology Nov 2016Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a significant disease affecting the circulatory system. Risk factors include smoking, hypertension, sex, and a possible hereditary... (Review)
Review
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a significant disease affecting the circulatory system. Risk factors include smoking, hypertension, sex, and a possible hereditary predisposition. AAAs remain asymptomatic for years, and various imaging methods are used in their detection, diagnosis, and treatment. This article reviews the anatomy and physiology of the aorta as well as the signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and risk factors for the development of AAA. The use of ultrasonography and other imaging modalities for pre- and post-treatment is discussed, as is endovascular aortic repair.
Topics: Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Humans; Risk Factors; Technology, Radiologic
PubMed: 27837125
DOI: No ID Found -
Ultrasound Quarterly Mar 2017
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Diagnosis, Differential; Endoleak; Humans; Male; Postoperative Complications; Treatment Outcome; Ultrasonography; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
PubMed: 28081021
DOI: 10.1097/RUQ.0000000000000262 -
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and... Jun 2017
Review
Topics: Animals; Aorta, Abdominal; Aorta, Thoracic; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Risk Factors; Signal Transduction; Vascular Remodeling
PubMed: 28539494
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.117.309578 -
Journal of Vascular Surgery Aug 2022Abdominal aortic coarctation and hypoplasia are uncommon diseases, recognized most often in pediatric-aged individuals. Comprehensive studies regarding the pathologic... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Abdominal aortic coarctation and hypoplasia are uncommon diseases, recognized most often in pediatric-aged individuals. Comprehensive studies regarding the pathologic spectrum of these aortopathies are nonexistent. This investigation was undertaken to better define the histologic and morphologic character of abdominal aortic narrowings affecting children and assess its potential relevance to contemporary clinical practice.
METHODS
Aortic specimens obtained during open operations in children being treated for symptomatic, noninflammatory abdominal aortic narrowings at the University of Michigan were subjected to histologic study after hematoxylin and eosin, Movat, Verhoeff Van Gieson, and Masson's trichrome preparations. Microscopic findings were correlated with the anatomic aortic images. In addition, a detailed review was completed of all prior reports in the English literature that included images depicting the histologic character of noninflammatory abdominal aortic narrowings in children.
RESULTS
Among a series of 67 pediatric-aged individuals undergoing open surgical interventions for abdominal aortic narrowings, eight children ranging in age from 9 months to 18 years, had adequate aortic tissue available for study. The loci of the specimens paralleled the anatomic sites of segmental coarctations observed in the entire series, with involvement of the suprarenal abdominal aorta (n = 3), intrarenal aorta (n = 2), and infrarenal aorta (n = 1). Diffusely hypoplastic abdominal aortas (n = 2) included one case of a de facto aortic duplication, represented by a channel that paralleled the narrow native aorta and gave origin to celiac artery branches, as well as the superior mesenteric and renal arteries. Concentric or eccentric intimal fibroplasia was observed in every aorta, often with internal elastic fragmentation and duplication (n = 4). Media abnormalities included elastic tissue disorganization (n = 3) and focal medial fibrosis (n = 1). Organizing luminal thrombus occurred in two infants. Coexistent ostial stenoses of the celiac, superior mesenteric, or renal arteries were observed in all but the only child who had an infrarenal aortic coarctation. Neurofibromatosis type 1 affected one child whose histologic findings were indistinguishable from those of the other children. A review of prior published histologic images of abdominal aortic coarctation and hypoplasia affecting children from other centers revealed a total of 14 separate reports, each limited to single case photomicrographs, of which 11 exhibited intimal fibroplasia.
CONCLUSIONS
Intimal fibroplasia is a common accompaniment of developmental abdominal aortic coarctation and hypoplasia. It is posited that intimal fibroplasia, which is likely progressive in instances of abnormal shear stresses in these diminutive vessels, may contribute to less salutary outcomes after endovascular and certain open reconstructions of pediatric abdominal aortic narrowings.
Topics: Adolescent; Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Coarctation; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Plastic Surgery Procedures
PubMed: 35149163
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.01.121 -
Atherosclerosis Mar 2020Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) pose a considerable health burden and at present are only managed surgically since there is no proven pharmacotherapy that will retard... (Review)
Review
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) pose a considerable health burden and at present are only managed surgically since there is no proven pharmacotherapy that will retard their expansion or reduce the incidence of fatal rupture. This pathology shares several pathophysiological mechanisms with atherosclerosis, such as macrophage infiltration, inflammation, and degradation of extracellular matrix. Therefore, therapeutic targets proven effective in the treatment of atherosclerosis could also be considered for treatment of AAA. Different members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily have been extensively studied as potential targets in the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and therefore might also be suited for AAA treatment. In this context, this review summarizes the role of different NRs in CVD, mostly atherosclerosis, and discusses in detail the current knowledge of their implications in AAA. From this overview it becomes apparent that NRs that were attributed a beneficial or adverse role in CVD have similar roles in AAA. Together, this overview provides compelling evidence to consider several NRs as attractive targets for future treatment of AAA.
Topics: Animals; Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Agents; Humans; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 32105947
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.02.009