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Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and... Feb 2021Low muscle mass was known to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, only few studies investigated the association between muscle quality and subclinical... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
Low muscle mass was known to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, only few studies investigated the association between muscle quality and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Thus, we evaluated whether muscle quality measured by abdominal computed tomography is associated with the risk of coronary artery calcification. Approach and Results: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 4068 subjects without cardiovascular disease who underwent abdominal and coronary computed tomography between 2012 and 2013 during health examinations. The cross-sectional area of the skeletal muscle was measured at the L3 level (total abdominal muscle area) and segmented into normal attenuation muscle area, low attenuation muscle area, and intramuscular adipose tissue. We calculated the normal attenuation muscle area/total abdominal muscle area index, of which a higher value reflected a higher proportion of good quality muscle (normal attenuation muscle area) and a lower proportion of myosteatosis (low attenuation muscle area and intramuscular adipose tissue). In women, as the normal attenuation muscle area/total abdominal muscle area quartiles increased, the odds ratios (95% CIs) for significant coronary artery calcification (>100) consistently decreased (0.44 [0.24-0.80], 0.39 [0.19-0.81], 0.34 [0.12-0.98]; =0.003) after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors including visceral fat area and insulin resistance. In men, the odds ratios in the Q2 group were significantly lower than those in the Q1, but the association was attenuated in Q3-4 after adjustment.
CONCLUSIONS
A higher proportion of good quality muscle was strongly associated with a lower prevalence of significant coronary artery calcification after adjustment, especially in women. Poor skeletal muscle quality may be an important risk factor for subclinical coronary atherosclerosis.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Adiposity; Aged; Asymptomatic Diseases; Body Composition; Computed Tomography Angiography; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Vessels; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Status; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Prevalence; Radiography, Abdominal; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Seoul; Sex Factors; Vascular Calcification
PubMed: 33356388
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.315054 -
Chest Oct 2021
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Cough; Humans; Respiration, Artificial; Ultrasonography; Ventilator Weaning
PubMed: 34625161
DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.07.006 -
Ceska Gynekologie 2023Currently, there are not enough studies comparing the width of the linea alba in women with and without stress urinary incontinence in postpartum women. The primary aim...
BACKGROUND
Currently, there are not enough studies comparing the width of the linea alba in women with and without stress urinary incontinence in postpartum women. The primary aim of the study was to compare the width (IRD) in postpartum women with and without symptoms of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The secondary aim of the study was to compare pelvic floor muscle morphometry in postpartum women with and without SUI symptoms.
METHODS
IRD distance was measured with a linear probe via 2D US. Urinary leakage symptoms were assessed by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ - UI SF). Symptoms of overactive bladder were assessed by the Brief Urge Urinary Incontinence Symptoms Questionnaire (OAB-q). The functional status of the pelvic floor muscles was examined by manometry and pelvic floor muscle morphometry was examined by 3D/4D US.
CONCLUSION
We compared IRD distance with and without SUI symptoms in postpartum women. The group of patients with stress urinary incontinence had a greater IRD distance at rest and during exercise compared to women without stress urinary incontinence. No worse pelvic floor muscle function and morphometry was found in women with SUI compared to women without SUI.
Topics: Humans; Female; Urinary Incontinence, Stress; Abdominal Muscles; Urinary Incontinence; Exercise; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 37643908
DOI: 10.48095/cccg2023273 -
Hernia : the Journal of Hernias and... Feb 2022Knowledge of the changes that occur in the abdominal wall after component separation (CS) is essential for understanding the mechanisms of action of the various CS... (Review)
Review
Knowledge of the changes that occur in the abdominal wall after component separation (CS) is essential for understanding the mechanisms of action of the various CS techniques, the changes observed on computed tomography images, and, perhaps most importantly, the anatomic and physiologic changes observed in patients who have undergone CS. Purpose Component separation (CS) techniques are essential adjuncts during most abdominal wall reconstructions. They allow the fulfillment of most modern abdominal wall reconstruction principles, especially primary closure of defects and linea alba restoration under physiologic tension. Knowledge of the post-CS abdominal wall changes is essential to understanding the mechanism of action of the various types of CS, the changes observed on computed tomographic images, and, perhaps most importantly, the anatomic and physiologic changes following CS techniques. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed database and other sources to identify articles describing abdominal wall changes after CS Results After excluding non-pertinent articles, 14 articles constituted the basis for this review. Conclusions After reviewing the literature on post CS abdominal wall changes, we conclude the following: (1)The external oblique muscle is significantly displaced laterally after anterior CS, the transversus abdominis muscle shifts very little after posterior CS, and muscle trophism is generally maintained after both techniques. These findings are consistent for both open and minimally invasive CS. (2) The anatomy and physiology of abdominal wall muscles are preserved mainly by the muscles' overlapping function and their ability to undergo compensatory trophism after midline restoration (reloading). (3) Well-performed CS techniques have a low risk of producing bulging and semilunar line hernias. (4) Anterior and posterior CS techniques probably have different mechanisms of action. (5) Current studies on how the nutritional status and postoperative conditioning can alter abdominal wall changes after CS and the mechanisms of the actions involved in anterior and posterior CS are underway.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Abdominal Wall; Abdominoplasty; Hernia, Ventral; Herniorrhaphy; Humans; Surgical Mesh
PubMed: 34820726
DOI: 10.1007/s10029-021-02535-0 -
Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal... 2023Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) has been applied in many rehabilitation settings for muscle strengthening, facilitation of muscle contraction, re-education of muscle...
BACKGROUND
Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) has been applied in many rehabilitation settings for muscle strengthening, facilitation of muscle contraction, re-education of muscle action, and maintenance of muscle strength and size during prolonged immobilization.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of 8 weeks of EMS training on abdominal muscle function and to determine whether the training effect could be maintained after 4 weeks of EMS detraining.
METHODS
Twenty-five subjects performed EMS training for 8 weeks. Before and after 8 weeks of EMS training, and after 4 weeks of EMS detraining, muscle size (cross-sectional area [CSA] of the rectus abdominals [RA] and lateral abdominal wall [LAW]), strength, endurance, and lumbopelvic control (LC) were measured.
RESULTS
There were significant increases in CSA [RA (p< 0.001); LAW (p< 0.001)], strength [trunk flexor (p= 0.005); side-bridge (p< 0.05)], endurance [trunk flexor (p= 0.010); side-bridge (p< 0.05)], and LC (p< 0.05) after 8 weeks of EMS training. The CSA of the RA (p< 0.05) and the LAW (p< 0.001) were measured after 4 weeks of detraining and they were greater than that of the baseline. There were no significant differences in abdominal strength, endurance, and LC between baseline measurements and post-detraining.
CONCLUSION
The study indicates that there is less of a detraining effect on muscle size than on muscle strength, endurance, and LC.
Topics: Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Abdominal Muscles; Muscle Strength; Muscle Contraction; Electric Stimulation; Resistance Training
PubMed: 36872765
DOI: 10.3233/BMR-210335 -
Physiotherapy Mar 2017Age-related changes in the trunk (abdominal and lumbar multifidus) muscles and their impact on physical function of older adults are not clearly understood. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Age-related changes in the trunk (abdominal and lumbar multifidus) muscles and their impact on physical function of older adults are not clearly understood.
OBJECTIVES
To systematically summarise studies of these trunk muscles in older adults.
DATA SOURCES
Cochrane Library, Pubmed, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched using terms for abdominal and MF muscles and measurement methods.
STUDY SELECTION
Two reviewers independently assessed studies and included those reporting measurements of abdominal muscles and/or MF by ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging or electromyography of adults aged ≥50 years.
DATA SYNTHESIS
A best evidence synthesis was performed.
RESULTS
Best evidence synthesis revealed limited evidence for detrimental effects of ageing or spinal conditions on trunk muscles, and conflicting evidence for decreased physical activity or stroke having detrimental effects on trunk muscles. Thicknesses of rectus abdominis, internal oblique and external oblique muscles were 36% to 48% smaller for older than younger adults. Muscle quality was poorer among people with moderate-extreme low back pain and predicted physical function outcomes.
LIMITATIONS
Study heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis.
CONCLUSION
Overall, the evidence base in older people has significant limitations, so the role of physiotherapy interventions aimed at these muscles remains unclear. The results point to areas in which further research could lead to clinically useful outcomes. These include determining the role of the trunk muscles in the physical function of older adults and disease; developing and testing rehabilitation programmes for older people with spinal conditions and lower back pain; and identifying modifiable factors that could mitigate age-related changes.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Exercise; Female; Humans; Low Back Pain; Lumbosacral Region; Male; Middle Aged; Paraspinal Muscles; Rectus Abdominis; Sex Factors; Stroke; Torso
PubMed: 27667760
DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.06.001 -
Journal of Sports Science & Medicine Mar 2022The abdominal muscles are vital in providing core stability for functional movements during most activities. There is a correlation between side asymmetry of these...
The abdominal muscles are vital in providing core stability for functional movements during most activities. There is a correlation between side asymmetry of these muscles and dysfunction. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare trunk muscle morphology and trunk rotational strength between sprint hurdlers, an asymmetrical sport, and sprinters, a symmetrical sport. Twenty-one trained collegiate sprint hurdlers and sprinters were recruited for the study (Hurdlers: 4M, 7F; Sprinters: 8M, 2F), average age (years) hurdlers: 20 ± 1.2; sprinters: 20.4 ± 1.9, height (cm) hurdlers: 172.6 ± 10.2; sprinters: 181.7 ± 4.5, and weight (kg) hurdlers: 67.6 ± 12.0; sprinters: 73.9 ± 5.6. Using real-time ultrasound, panoramic images of the internal oblique (IO) and external oblique (EO) were obtained at rest and contracted (flexion and rotation) in a seated position for both right and left sides of the trunk. While wearing a specially crafted shoulder harness, participants performed three maximal voluntary trunk rotational contractions (MVC). The three attempts were then averaged to obtain an overall MVC score for trunk rotation strength. Average MVC trunk rotational strength to the right was greater among all participants, < 0.001. The IO showed greater and significant thickness changes from resting to contracted state than the EO, this was observed in all participants. The IO side asymmetry was significantly different between groups < 0.01. Hurdlers, involved in a unilaterally demanding sport, exhibited the expected asymmetry in muscle morphology and in trunk rotational strength. Interestingly, sprinters, although involved in a seemingly symmetrical sport, also exhibited asymmetrical trunk morphology and trunk rotational strength.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Abdominal Oblique Muscles; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Torso
PubMed: 35250341
DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.120 -
Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism Feb 2019To evaluate the relationship of abdominal muscle lean tissue and adipose tissue volumes with prediabetes and diabetes.
AIM
To evaluate the relationship of abdominal muscle lean tissue and adipose tissue volumes with prediabetes and diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We measured abdominal muscle composition in 3170 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study who underwent computed tomography (CT) at Year 25 of follow-up (ages, 43-55 years). Multinomial regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations of CT-measured intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), lean muscle tissue (lean) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volumes with diabetes at any point during the CARDIA study, newly detected prediabetes, prior history of prediabetes, and normal glucose tolerance. Models were adjusted for potential confounding factors: age, sex, race, height, smoking status, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, cardiorespiratory fitness and study centre.
RESULTS
Higher IMAT, lean and VAT volumes were all separately associated with a higher prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes. Inclusion of VAT volume in models with both IMAT volume and lean volume attenuated the association of IMAT with both prediabetes and diabetes, but higher lean volume retained its association with prediabetes and diabetes. Individuals in the highest IMAT quartile, coupled with VAT in its lower three quartiles, had a higher prevalence of diabetes, but not of prediabetes, than those with both IMAT and VAT in their respective lower three quartiles. Adjusting for cardiorespiratory fitness did not substantially change the findings.
CONCLUSION
Higher IMAT volume was associated with a higher prevalence of diabetes even after adjustment for VAT volume. However, further study is warranted to understand the complicated relationship between abdominal muscle and adipose tissues.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Adipose Tissue; Adiposity; Adolescent; Adult; Body Composition; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Male; Middle Aged; Physical Fitness; Prediabetic State; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 30159995
DOI: 10.1111/dom.13513 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jan 2018Abdominal hypopressive gymnastics appeared as an alternative to traditional abdominal exercises to promote abdominal muscles strength without overloading the pelvic... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
Abdominal hypopressive gymnastics appeared as an alternative to traditional abdominal exercises to promote abdominal muscles strength without overloading the pelvic floor muscles (PFM). To determine the activation level of abdominal muscles and PFM and the posture influence in the level of activation in these muscles during abdominal hypopressive gymnastics, we used surface electromyography in young and healthy multipara women.
METHODS
This is an observational study with eutrophic nulliparous women aged between 18 and 35 years, with abdominal skinfold less than or equal to 3 cm and active or irregularly active physical activity. Surface electromyography was used for rectus abdominis, external oblique, transversus abdominal/internal oblique (TrA/IO) and PFM assessment in the supine, quadruped and orthostatic (upright standing) positions during abdominal hypopressive gymnastics using normalized electromyographic (%EMG) data. We also analyzed the difference in activation between each muscle and between muscles and positions.
RESULTS
Thirty women were evaluated and the mean age was 25.77 years (SD 3.29). The group formed by the TrA/IO muscles and the PFM showed higher %EMG in all the positions assessed, followed by the external oblique and rectus abdominis muscles. A comparison of %EMG of each muscle between the different positions showed differences only in rectus abdominis between the supine and quadruped (p = 0.001) and supine and orthostatic positions (p = 0.004), and in TrA/IO between the supine and orthostatic (p = 0.023) and orthostatic and quadruped positions (p = 0.019).
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that abdominal hypopressive gymnastics can activate the abdominal muscles and PFM and the position do not have influence on electromyographic activation level of the PFM and external oblique.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Analysis of Variance; Electromyography; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Muscle Contraction; Pelvic Floor; Posture; Rectus Abdominis
PubMed: 29332741
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.06.011 -
Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal... Sep 2022The study aims to investigate the relationship between abdominal muscle activity and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the lumbar muscles and assess their role in the...
Association between abdominal muscle activity and lumbar muscle morphology, and their role in the functional assessment of patients with low back pain: A cross-sectional study.
OBJECTIVES
The study aims to investigate the relationship between abdominal muscle activity and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the lumbar muscles and assess their role in the functional assessment of patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP).
METHODS
142 patients with CNSLBP were included in this study. Disability levels were evaluated with the Roland-Morris Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire. The functional assessments of the participants were evaluated with a 6-minute walk test. Abdominal muscle activity was measured using a pressure biofeedback unit. The CSA of the bilateral multifidus, erector spinae, and psoas muscles were measured T2-weighted MRI images at the L2-L5 levels.
RESULTS
Significant correlations were found between the abdominal muscle activity during the posterior pelvic tilt movement and the CSA of the erector spinae muscle at the L4 and L5 levels, and the psoas muscle at the L2-L5 levels (correlation coefficient range from 0.32 to 0.48). Abdominal muscle activity yielded a significant additional contribution to the variance on the functional assessment (R change=0.101).
CONCLUSIONS
The relationship of abdominal muscle activity with lumbar muscles and the contribution of muscle activities to functional assessment should be considered in the management of patients with CNSLBP.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Low Back Pain; Lumbar Vertebrae; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Paraspinal Muscles
PubMed: 36046994
DOI: No ID Found