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Physical Therapy in Sport : Official... Mar 2022To investigate trunk muscle size and function in elite and community volleyball players with and without a history of head, neck or upper limb injury. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
To investigate trunk muscle size and function in elite and community volleyball players with and without a history of head, neck or upper limb injury.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional observational study.
SETTING
Volleyball training camp or training sessions.
PARTICIPANTS
86 volleyball players (elite = 29; community = 57).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Information regarding history of head, neck or upper limb injuries was collected by self-report questionnaires. Trunk muscle size (multifidus, transversus abdominis, internal oblique and quadratus lumborum) and voluntary contraction (multifidus, transversus abdominis, internal oblique) were assessed using ultrasound imaging.
RESULTS
For trunk muscle size, no significant differences were found between elite and community volleyball players with and without a history of injury (all p > 0.05). A significant difference was found for voluntary contraction of the multifidus and transversus abdominis muscles for elite and community volleyball players with and without a history of injury (all p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
A difference in trunk muscle contraction but no change in trunk muscle size in players with a history of head, neck or upper limb injuries may represent an altered muscle recruitment pattern rather than a deficiency in trunk muscle strength. Prospective studies are required to determine if these adaptations are compensatory (and protective) or predispose players to further injuries.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Athletic Injuries; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Paraspinal Muscles; Upper Extremity; Volleyball
PubMed: 34922033
DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.12.003 -
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of... Feb 2023The mechanical properties of the honeybee's abdominal muscles endow its abdomen with movement flexibility to perform various activities. However, the biomechanical...
The mechanical properties of the honeybee's abdominal muscles endow its abdomen with movement flexibility to perform various activities. However, the biomechanical properties of abdominal muscles during stretch activation remain unclear. To clarify this issue, we observed the microstructures of the abdominal muscles to obtain structural information. The similarity and symmetry of abdominal muscle distribution contribute to the ability to drive abdominal movement. Combined with the segmented structure characteristics, an experimental device to measure muscle stretch measurement of honeybees was developed to investigate the mechanical properties of the abdominal muscles. During measurement, the muscles were kept in a solution to maintain a physiological environment. The mechanical properties of abdominal muscles included phases: the ascending phase with proportional increase, stable phase with slight fluctuation, and decay phase with parabolic decline. These findings indicate that the nonlinear and rate-sensitive mechanical properties of the abdominal muscles enable them to rapidly adapt to environmental changes. The stretch force and stiffness coefficient reached 0.660 ± 0.139 mN and 14.364 ± 2.961 N/m, respectively. A simplified biomechanical model of the muscle fiber considering the hierarchical microstructure was introduced, in which the mechanical properties were consistent with the experimental data. Further analysis of the effects of the activation probability and the effective range of binding sites on the mechanical properties demonstrated the critical role in force generation, revealing the mechanism of underlying muscle stretch activation in the honeybee abdomen. The findings can provide a new reference for studying the biomechanical properties of the muscles of other arthropod insects.
Topics: Bees; Animals; Abdominal Muscles; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Movement; Biomechanical Phenomena; Muscle Contraction
PubMed: 36577321
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105639 -
Journal of Applied Physiology... Jul 2014Although rats are a frequent model for studies of plasticity in respiratory motor control, the relative capacity of rat accessory respiratory muscles to express...
UNLABELLED
Although rats are a frequent model for studies of plasticity in respiratory motor control, the relative capacity of rat accessory respiratory muscles to express plasticity is not well known, particularly in unanesthetized animals. Here, we characterized external intercostal (T2, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9 EIC) and abdominal muscle (external oblique and rectus abdominis) electromyogram (EMG) activity in unanesthetized rats via radiotelemetry during normoxia (Nx: 21% O2) and following acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH: 10 × 5-min, 10.5% O2; 5-min intervals). Diaphragm and T2-T5 EIC EMG activity, and ventilation were also assessed during maximal chemoreceptor stimulation (
MCS
7% CO2, 10.5% O2) and sustained hypoxia (SH: 10.5% O2). In Nx, T2 EIC exhibits prominent inspiratory activity, whereas T4, T5, T6, and T7 EIC inspiratory activity decreases in a caudal direction. T8 and T9 EIC and abdominal muscles show only tonic or sporadic activity, without consistent respiratory activity. MCS increases diaphragm and T2 EIC EMG amplitude and tidal volume more than SH (0.94 ± 0.10 vs. 0.68 ± 0.05 ml/100 g; P < 0.001). Following AIH, T2 EIC EMG amplitude remained above baseline for more than 60 min post-AIH (i.e., EIC long-term facilitation, LTF), and was greater than diaphragm LTF (41.5 ± 1.3% vs. 19.1 ± 2.0% baseline; P < 0.001). We conclude that 1) diaphragm and rostral T2-T5 EIC muscles exhibit inspiratory activity during Nx; 2) MCS elicits greater ventilatory, diaphragm, and rostral T2-T5 EIC muscle activity vs. SH; and 3) AIH induces greater rostral EIC LTF than diaphragm LTF.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Animals; Chemoreceptor Cells; Diaphragm; Electromyography; Hypoxia; Intercostal Muscles; Male; Phrenic Nerve; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiration; Respiratory Mechanics; Respiratory Muscles; Tidal Volume
PubMed: 24833779
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00130.2014 -
Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced... Aug 2023Complex ventral hernia remains a challenging situation for any surgeon. In this study, our aim was to analyze the effect of laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh...
Complex ventral hernia remains a challenging situation for any surgeon. In this study, our aim was to analyze the effect of laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) repair in the treatment of complex abdominal wall hernia, with the assistance of preoperative progressive pneumoperitoneum (PPP) and botulinum toxin A (BTA). In this retrospective study, we included 13 patients with complex ventral hernia between May 2021 and December 2022. All patients undergoing PPP and BTA protocol before hernia repair. The length of abdominal wall muscles and abdominal circumference were measured from CT scan. All hernias were repaired with laparoscopic or laparoscopic-assisted IPOM. Thirteen patients received PPP and BTA injections. PPP and BTA administration time was over 8.8 ± 2.5 days. Before and after PPP and BTA, imaging showed that the length of lateral muscle on each side increased from 14.3 to 17.4 cm ( < .05). The abdominal circumference increased from 81.8 to 87.9 cm ( < .05). Complete fascial closure was obtained in 13 patients (100%), and no patient experienced postoperative abdominal hypertension and ventilatory support. No patient suffered from recurrent hernia to date. Preoperative PPP combined with BTA injection plays a role similar to component separation technique, avoids the abdominal hypertension after laparoscopic IPOM repair of complex ventral hernia.
Topics: Humans; Surgical Mesh; Retrospective Studies; Abdominal Muscles; Hernia, Ventral; Laparoscopy; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Postoperative Complications; Herniorrhaphy; Pneumoperitoneum; Recurrence; Incisional Hernia
PubMed: 37307060
DOI: 10.1089/lap.2023.0066 -
Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal... 2022To restore core stability, abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM), abdominal bracing (AB), and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) have been employed but outcome...
Comparison of core stabilization techniques on ultrasound imaging of the diaphragm, and core muscle thickness and external abdominal oblique muscle electromyography activity.
BACKGROUND
To restore core stability, abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM), abdominal bracing (AB), and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) have been employed but outcome measures varied and one intervention was not superior over another.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to compare the differential effects of ADIM, AB, and DNS on diaphragm movement, abdominal muscle thickness difference, and external abdominal oblique (EO) electromyography (EMG) amplitude.
METHODS
Forty-one participants with core instability participated in this study. The subjects performed ADIM, AB, and DNS in random order. A Simi Aktisys and Pressure Biofeedback Unit (PBU) were utilized to measure core stability, an ultrasound was utilized to measure diaphragm movement and measure abdominal muscles thickness and EMG was utilized to measure EO amplitude. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted at P< 0.05.
RESULTS
Diaphragm descending movement and transverse abdominis (TrA) and internal abdominal oblique (IO) thickness differences were significantly increased in DNS compared to ADIM and AB (P< 0.05). EO amplitude was significantly increased in AB compared to ADIM, and DNS.
CONCLUSIONS
DNS was the best technique to provide balanced co-activation of the diaphragm and TrA with relatively less contraction of EO and subsequently producing motor control for efficient core stabilization.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Abdominal Oblique Muscles; Diaphragm; Electromyography; Humans; Muscle Contraction; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34657872
DOI: 10.3233/BMR-210051 -
Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal... 2022Abdominal bracing is effective in strengthening the trunk muscles; however, assessing performance can be challenging. We created a device for performing abdominal trunk...
BACKGROUND
Abdominal bracing is effective in strengthening the trunk muscles; however, assessing performance can be challenging. We created a device for performing abdominal trunk muscle exercises. The effectiveness of this device has not yet been evaluated or comparedOBJECTIVE: We aimed to quantify muscle activity levels during exercise using our innovative device and to compare them with muscle activation during abdominal bracing maneuvers.
METHODS
This study included 10 men who performed abdominal bracing exercises and exercises using our device. We measured surface electromyogram (EMG) activities of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique, internal oblique (IO), and erector spinae (ES) muscles in each of the exercises. The EMG data were normalized to those recorded during maximal voluntary contraction (%EMGmax).
RESULTS
During the bracing exercise, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of RA and ES (p< 0.05), whereas during the exercises using the device, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of ES (p< 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the %EMGmax of any muscle between bracing exercises and the exercises using the device (p= 0.13-0.95).
CONCLUSIONS
The use of our innovative device results in comparable activation to that observed during abdominal bracing.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Electromyography; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Male; Muscle Contraction; Paraspinal Muscles; Torso
PubMed: 34397401
DOI: 10.3233/BMR-210001 -
Journal of Manipulative and... 2022The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to study the effects of motor control training (MCT) on trunk muscle morphometry measured by ultrasound imaging... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to study the effects of motor control training (MCT) on trunk muscle morphometry measured by ultrasound imaging and pain and disability in individuals with chronic low back pain.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from study inception until January 2021. Randomized control trials evaluating both muscle morphometry and pain or disability in individuals with chronic low back pain were included. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by 2 reviewers independently. Modified Downs and Black tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach were used to assess the risk of bias and quality of evidence, respectively. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model with mean difference or standardized mean difference (SMD).
RESULTS
Of 3459 studies initially identified, 15 studies were included, and 13 studies were selected for meta-analysis. The results revealed no differences in the resting thickness of the transversus abdominis, internal and external oblique, and lumbar multifidus muscles in studies that compared MCT with other interventions. The transversus abdominis muscles contraction ratio was greater (SMD = 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.0 to 1.85) and lower pain (weighted mean difference: -1.07 cm; 95% CI, -1.91 to -0.22 cm; P = .01) and disability (SMD = -0.86; 95% CI, -1.42 to -0. 29; P < .01) scores were found in the groups who underwent MCT compared with other interventions.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review and meta-analysis found that motor control exercise training increased the transverse abdominis contraction ratio (muscle activation) and improved the level of pain and disability compared to other interventions in people with chronic low back pain. However, motor control exercise training was not superior to other interventions in increasing the resting thickness of deep abdominal and lumbar multifidus muscles in intervention times less than 12 weeks.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Chronic Pain; Humans; Low Back Pain; Lumbosacral Region; Paraspinal Muscles; Torso
PubMed: 35879124
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2022.06.003 -
Journal of the American Heart... Feb 2024Muscle density is inversely associated with all-cause mortality, but associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are not well understood. This study evaluated...
BACKGROUND
Muscle density is inversely associated with all-cause mortality, but associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are not well understood. This study evaluated the association between muscle density and muscle area and incident total CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke in diverse men and women.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Adult participants (N=1869) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Ancillary Body Composition Study underwent computer tomography scans of the L2-L4 region of the abdomen. Muscle was quantified by density (Hounsfield units) and area in cm. Sex-stratified Cox proportional hazard models assessed associations between incident total CVD, incident CHD, and incident stroke across sex-specific percentiles of muscle area and density, which were entered simultaneously into the model. Mean age for men and women at baseline were 64.1 and 65.1 years, respectively, and median follow-up time was 10.3 years. For men, associations between muscle density and incident CVD were inverse but not significant in fully adjusted models ( trend=0.15). However, there was an inverse association between density and CHD ( trend=0.02; HR, 0.26 for 95th versus 10th percentile), and no association with stroke ( trend=0.78). Conversely, for men, there was a strong positive association between muscle area and incident CVD (HR, 4.19 for 95th versus 10th percentile; trend<0.001). Associations were stronger for CHD (HR, 6.18 for 95th versus 10th percentile; trend<0.001), and null for stroke ( trend=0.67). Associations for women were mostly null.
CONCLUSIONS
For men, abdominal muscle density is associated with lower CHD risk, whereas greater muscle area is associated with markedly increased risk of CHD.
Topics: Male; Adult; Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Risk Factors; Prospective Studies; Atherosclerosis; Coronary Disease; Stroke; Abdominal Muscles; Incidence
PubMed: 38348808
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.123.032014 -
Journal of Biomechanics Jan 2024Rolling is a critical step of infant development, encouraging muscle coordination and enabling independent exploration. Understanding muscle activity during infant...
Rolling is a critical step of infant development, encouraging muscle coordination and enabling independent exploration. Understanding muscle activity during infant rolling movements on a flat surface is necessary to more fully characterize how the rolling milestone is achieved. The purpose of this study was to determine infants' muscle activation throughout roll initiation for six previously established coordinated movements. Thirty-eight healthy infants (age: 6.5 ± 0.7 months; 23M/15F) were enrolled in this IRB-approved in-vivo biomechanics study. Surface electromyography sensors recorded muscle utilization from the erector spinae, abdominal muscles, quadriceps, and hamstrings while infants rolled. Each rolling movement was categorized as one of six roll types, and the mean muscle activity was analyzed. All roll types required initial activation of all measured muscle groups. Movements featuring axial rotation of the torso relative to the pelvis required highly active erector spinae muscles. Movements featuring trunk and hip flexion required highly active abdominal muscles. Infants used distinct coordinated muscle activations to achieve the six different roll types on a flat surface. A foundational understanding of the different muscle activation patterns required during infant rolling will provide crucial insight into motor development. This study quantified muscle coordination required of infants to achieve rolling on a firm flat surface. Previous research indicates that the mechanical environment in which an infant is placed impacts muscle activity and body position during normal lying. Therefore, future work should explore if mechanical environments that differ from a flat and firm surface also influence these coordinated movements and muscle activations.
Topics: Infant; Child; Humans; Movement; Posture; Abdominal Muscles; Abdomen; Electromyography; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscle Contraction
PubMed: 38147809
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111890 -
Urology Journal Jul 2018The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between abdominal muscle strength, trunk control and urinary incontinence in children with diplegic cerebral palsy. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
PURPOSE
The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between abdominal muscle strength, trunk control and urinary incontinence in children with diplegic cerebral palsy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The current study had a cross-sectional design using analytical study as well as an observational research model. Fifty children between the ages of 5 and 18 years who were diagnosed with diplegic clinical type of cerebral palsy were included in this study using improbable-random sampling method. After patients' demographic information were obtained, Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Symptoms Score Questionnaire (DVISS), Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score (DVSS), the manual muscle test of the muscles, Trunk ControlTest (TCT) and Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS) were completed in order to evaluate trunk control. Also, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) was performed in order to define the functional level.
RESULTS
In this study, a highly correlated negative relationship was found between DVISS and DVSS scores with muscle abdominal strength, TCMS and TCT. In addition, a highly correlated positive relationship was found between both GMFCS and DVISS and GMFCS and DVSS.
CONCLUSION
This is the first study that describes the effect of trunk control and muscle strength on urinary incontinence in children with diplegic cerebral palsy. This study showed that there is a correlation between trunk control, muscle strength and urinary incontinence.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Adolescent; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle Strength; Postural Balance; Surveys and Questionnaires; Torso; Urinary Incontinence
PubMed: 29427287
DOI: 10.22037/uj.v0i0.4043