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AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology Oct 2020Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are autosomal-dominant genetic disorders that predispose two or more organs of the endocrine system to tumor development.... (Review)
Review
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are autosomal-dominant genetic disorders that predispose two or more organs of the endocrine system to tumor development. Although the diagnosis relies on clinical and serologic findings, imaging provides critical information for surgical management with the ultimate goal of complete tumor resection. This article reviews abdominal neoplasms associated with the various subtypes of MEN syndromes, with a focus on clinical presentation and characteristic imaging features.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Humans; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia; Radiography, Abdominal
PubMed: 32755185
DOI: 10.2214/AJR.19.22542 -
Cancer Radiotherapie : Journal de La... 2022We present the update of the recommendations of the French society of oncological radiotherapy on respiratory motion management for external radiotherapy treatment....
We present the update of the recommendations of the French society of oncological radiotherapy on respiratory motion management for external radiotherapy treatment. Since twenty years and the report 62 of ICRU, motion management during the course of radiotherapy treatment has become an increasingly significant concern, particularly with the development of hypofractionated treatments under stereotactic conditions, using reduced safety margins. This article related orders of motion amplitudes for different organs as well as the definition of the margins in radiotherapy. An updated review of the various movement management strategies is presented as well as main technological solutions enabling them to be implemented: when acquiring anatomical data, during planning and when carrying out treatment. Finally, the management of these moving targets, such as it can be carried out in radiotherapy departments, will be detailed for a few concrete examples of localizations (abdominal, thoracic and hepatic).
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Breath Holding; Exhalation; France; Humans; Inhalation; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Organ Motion; Particle Accelerators; Radiation Oncology; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Respiration; Societies, Medical; Spirometry; Thoracic Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34953689
DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2021.09.006 -
Laeknabladid Nov 2018Lipomas are slow-growing, benign soft tissue tumors that are typically asymptomatic. We describe the case of a 52 year old female, severely overweight who presented with...
Lipomas are slow-growing, benign soft tissue tumors that are typically asymptomatic. We describe the case of a 52 year old female, severely overweight who presented with an 8 month history of slowly progressive large lower abdomi-nal mass. Clinical workup gave an indication of a subcutaneous lipoma. The patient underwent open surgery where the mass was removed. Pathology results revealed a lipoma without malignancy. Lipomas only require treatment when they are symptomatic or to rule out malig-nancy. Giant lipomas are defined as a lesion that are over 10 cm in length or weigh more than 1000 grams.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Biopsy; Female; Humans; Lipoma; Middle Aged; Tumor Burden
PubMed: 30375981
DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2018.11.204 -
JSLS : Journal of the Society of... 2021Minimally invasive oncologic surgery has become the standard of care in many gynecologic cancers. While laparoscopic surgery provides many benefits to patients, such as... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Minimally invasive oncologic surgery has become the standard of care in many gynecologic cancers. While laparoscopic surgery provides many benefits to patients, such as faster recovery, there are unique challenges associated with minimally invasive techniques. Port-site metastasis is a rare complication after laparoscopic oncologic surgery in management of gynecologic malignancies.
METHODS
We present the case of a 44-year-old female with isolated port-site recurrence following laparoscopic radical hysterectomy with node-negative, clinical stage IB1 cervical adenocarcinoma. In addition, we provide an updated review of the literature on management and oncologic outcomes of port-site metastasis.
CONCLUSION
Port-site metastasis prevention necessitates a better understanding of underlying risk factors and pathophysiology in order to optimize outcomes. Future studies are needed on risk-reducing strategies and standardization of management for port-site metastasis.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Abdominal Wall; Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Laparoscopy; Neoplasm Seeding; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 33879998
DOI: 10.4293/JSLS.2020.00081 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Jul 2018Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an increasingly utilized sequence in the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lesions. Benign lesions containing hemorrhagic products,... (Review)
Review
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an increasingly utilized sequence in the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lesions. Benign lesions containing hemorrhagic products, with conglomerates of tightly packed blood cells or fibers, can have restricted water diffusion on DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient maps. Such lesions can have restricted diffusion erroneously attributed to malignancy. This review illustrates benign hemorrhagic lesions displaying restricted diffusion, with histopathologic correlation in relevant cases.
Topics: Abdomen; Abdominal Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Hemorrhage; Humans; Pelvic Neoplasms; Pelvis; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 29110051
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1366-2 -
Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology... May 2020The incidence of abdominal and pelvic cancer in pregnancy is low, but it is rising as the population of pregnant women gets older. Depending on disease stage,... (Review)
Review
The incidence of abdominal and pelvic cancer in pregnancy is low, but it is rising as the population of pregnant women gets older. Depending on disease stage, gestational age and patient's preference, active surveillance as well as surgery and chemotherapy are feasible options during pregnancy. Correct diagnosis and staging of the tumor is crucial for choosing the best therapeutic approach. Moreover, a reproducible modality to assess the treatment response is requested. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used with good results for the local staging and treatment response evaluation of most abdominal and pelvic cancers in nonpregnant patients, and it is considered relatively safe during pregnancy. The purpose of this article is to analyze the most relevant topics regarding the use of MRI in pregnant women with abdominal and pelvic cancer. We discuss MRI safety during pregnancy, including the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), how to prepare the patient for the exam and MRI technique. This will be followed by a brief review on the most common malignancies diagnosed during pregnancy and their MRI appearance.
Topics: Abdomen; Abdominal Neoplasms; Adult; Contrast Media; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Incidence; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neoplasm Staging; Patient Positioning; Patient Preference; Pelvic Neoplasms; Pelvis; Precision Medicine; Pregnancy; Radiologists; Safety; Watchful Waiting
PubMed: 32071031
DOI: 10.5152/dir.2019.19343 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... Oct 2020Technologic advances in chromosomal analysis and DNA sequencing have enabled genome-wide analysis of cancer cells, yielding considerable data on the genetic basis of... (Review)
Review
Technologic advances in chromosomal analysis and DNA sequencing have enabled genome-wide analysis of cancer cells, yielding considerable data on the genetic basis of malignancies. Evolving knowledge of tumor genetics and oncologic pathways has led to a better understanding of histopathologic features, tumor classification, tumor biologic characteristics, and imaging findings and discovery of targeted therapeutic agents. Radiogenomics is a rapidly evolving field of imaging research aimed at correlating imaging features with gene mutations and gene expression patterns, and it may provide surrogate imaging biomarkers that may supplant genetic tests and be used to predict treatment response and prognosis and guide personalized treatment options. Multidetector CT, multiparametric MRI, and PET with use of multiple radiotracers are some of the imaging techniques commonly used to assess radiogenomic associations. Select abdominal malignancies demonstrate characteristic imaging features that correspond to gene mutations. Recent advances have enabled us to understand the genetics of steatotic and nonsteatotic hepatocellular adenomas, a plethora of morphologic-molecular subtypes of hepatic malignancies, a variety of clear cell and non-clear cell renal cell carcinomas, a myriad of hereditary and sporadic exocrine and neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas, and the development of targeted therapeutic agents for gastrointestinal stromal tumors based on characteristic gene mutations. Mutations associated with aggressive phenotypes of these malignancies can sometimes be predicted on the basis of their imaging characteristics. Radiologists should be familiar with the genetics and pathogenesis of common cancers that have associated imaging biomarkers, which can help them be integral members of the cancer management team and guide clinicians and pathologists. RSNA, 2020 See discussion on this article by Luna (pp 1627-1630).
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Biomarkers, Tumor; Genes, Neoplasm; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genomics; Humans; Mutation; Phenotype
PubMed: 33001791
DOI: 10.1148/rg.2020200042 -
The British Journal of General Practice... May 2022Quantifying cancer risk in primary care patients with abdominal pain informs diagnostic strategies. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Quantifying cancer risk in primary care patients with abdominal pain informs diagnostic strategies.
AIM
To quantify oesophagogastric, colorectal, liver, pancreatic, ovarian, uterine, kidney, and bladder cancer risks associated with newly reported abdominal pain with or without other symptoms, signs, or abnormal blood tests (that is, features) indicative of possible cancer.
DESIGN AND SETTING
This was an observational prospective cohort study using Clinical Practice Research Datalink records with English cancer registry linkage.
METHOD
The authors studied 125 793 patients aged ≥40 years with newly reported abdominal pain in primary care between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013. The 1-year cumulative incidence of cancer, and the composite 1-year cumulative incidence of cancers with shared additional features, stratified by age and sex are reported.
RESULTS
With abdominal pain, overall risk was greater in men and increased with age, reaching 3.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.0 to 3.7, predominantly colorectal cancer 1.9%, 95% CI = 1.6 to 2.1) in men ≥70 years, compared with their expected incidence of 0.88% (95% CI = 0.87 to 0.89). Additional features increased cancer risk; for example, for men, colorectal or pancreatic cancer risk with abdominal pain plus diarrhoea at 60-69 years of age was 3.1% (95% CI = 1.9 to 4.9) predominantly colorectal cancer (2.2%, 95% CI = 1.2 to 3.8).
CONCLUSION
Abdominal pain increases intra-abdominal cancer risk nearly fourfold in men aged ≥70 years, exceeding the 3% threshold warranting investigation. This threshold is surpassed for the >60 years age group only with additional features. These results will help direct appropriate referral and testing strategies for patients based on their demographic profile and reporting features. The authors suggest non-invasive strategies first, such as faecal immunochemical testing, with safety-netting in a shared decision-making framework.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Abdominal Pain; Aged; Colorectal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Primary Health Care; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35379605
DOI: 10.3399/BJGP.2021.0552 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood.... Jun 2019The identification of an abdominal mass in a child, either coincidental or symptomatic, may be due to a tumour. An abdominal tumour may present with life-threatening... (Review)
Review
The identification of an abdominal mass in a child, either coincidental or symptomatic, may be due to a tumour. An abdominal tumour may present with life-threatening symptoms, requiring prompt assessment and management. Although the discovery of such a finding usually warrants inpatient transfer or outpatient referral to the tertiary oncology centre, the initial evaluation, management and communication with the family by the general paediatrician is crucial. A thorough history and examination, which includes an organised, structured approach to abdominal masses, is paramount. The anatomical location of the mass, age of the patient and the presence of any associated symptoms or signs must be considered together in order to formulate a list of potential differential diagnoses and guide the next appropriate investigations. This article aims to guide general paediatricians through the assessment and initial management of a child presenting with an abdominal mass suspected to be a tumour.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Biomarkers, Tumor; Child; Communication; Humans; Medical History Taking; Pediatrics; Physical Examination; Professional-Family Relations; Radiography, Abdominal
PubMed: 30733241
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-315270 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Sep 2018Compared with conventional ventral hernia repair, there are several additional considerations germane to the oncologic abdominal wall reconstruction, including the... (Review)
Review
Compared with conventional ventral hernia repair, there are several additional considerations germane to the oncologic abdominal wall reconstruction, including the management of radiation soft-tissue injury, the management of bacterial contamination, and the location and extent of the defect. Herein, we review some of the unique challenges associated with oncologic abdominal wall reconstruction and introduce a new classification schema to assist the reconstructive surgeon in performing these complex cases.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Abdominal Wall; Humans; Radiation Injuries; Plastic Surgery Procedures
PubMed: 30138289
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000004877