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Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) Feb 2023Rodenticide poisoning is common in developing countries. Patients may be unwilling or unable to provide a history on presentation.
BACKGROUND
Rodenticide poisoning is common in developing countries. Patients may be unwilling or unable to provide a history on presentation.
CASE HISTORY
A 34-year-old man was referred to the emergency department three hours after the intentional ingestion of five packs of a black powdered rodenticide containing zinc phosphide. Radiopaque material was detected in the stomach on an abdominal radiograph.
CONCLUSION
Abdominal radiography may be a useful tool in identifying the ingestion of metal phosphides when a history is not obtainable.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Rodenticides; Radiography, Abdominal; Emergency Service, Hospital
PubMed: 36779964
DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2022.2163657 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Feb 2020The imaging evaluation of the abdomen is of crucial importance for every radiologist. In addition to ultrasound, conventional radiographs and contrast-enhanced computed... (Review)
Review
The imaging evaluation of the abdomen is of crucial importance for every radiologist. In addition to ultrasound, conventional radiographs and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) are the most common imaging procedures in the abdominal region. Numerous pathognomonic signs should be known in this context by every radiologist. Radiographs of the abdomen are an often used first step in radiologic imaging, while CT examinations are carried out for further differentiation, in oncological settings and in time-critical emergency situations. A fast and clear assignment of these signs to a specific disease is the basis for a correct diagnosis. This pictorial review describes the most common pathognomonic signs in abdominal imaging. The knowledge of these pictograms is therefore essential for radiologists interested in abdominal medicine and should also be addressed in training and further education.
Topics: Abdomen; Contrast Media; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Radiography, Abdominal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31834459
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02331-6 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Jun 2022
Topics: Humans; Radiography, Abdominal; Radiology
PubMed: 35441864
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03527-z -
The Medical Journal of Australia Oct 2019
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Asymptomatic Diseases; Chilaiditi Syndrome; Humans; Incidental Findings; Radiography, Abdominal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31544251
DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50347 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Mar 2018
Review
Topics: Contrast Media; Diagnosis, Differential; Diverticulum; Duodenal Diseases; Humans; Radiography, Abdominal
PubMed: 28677002
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1240-2 -
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift... Mar 2017Acute abdominal pain is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires a concise and quick workup. Patient history, physical examination and laboratory studies... (Review)
Review
Acute abdominal pain is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires a concise and quick workup. Patient history, physical examination and laboratory studies help to establish a working diagnosis. If abdominal Ultrasound is not conclusive, contrast-enhanced Computertomography should be performed. Every patient should be treated aggressively for pain control and fluid substitution independent of the diagnostic workflow. In cases of severe disease, initiation of broad spectrum antibiotic therapy should be considered early.
Topics: Abdomen, Acute; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Critical Care; Diagnosis, Differential; Germany; Humans; Medical History Taking; Pain Measurement; Physical Examination; Radiography, Abdominal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 28329905
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-110648 -
Applied Radiation and Isotopes :... Dec 2022Abdominal radiographs are often the first diagnostic imaging tool for patients with acute abdominal pain. In most cases, a supine X-ray is sufficient, but in some cases,...
Abdominal radiographs are often the first diagnostic imaging tool for patients with acute abdominal pain. In most cases, a supine X-ray is sufficient, but in some cases, an erect abdominal radiograph may be warranted and can provide additional benefits. The aim of this study was to compare erect and supine projections in terms of radiation dose and image quality. Body mass index (BMI), sagittal body thickness, dose area product (DAP)and effective dose (ED) data were collected for 81 patients referred for digital abdominal radiography in both the supine and erect positions. The ED was estimated by inserting the dose area product (DAP) for each projection into the dose modelling computer software PCXMC 2.0. Image quality was assessed by both visual and quantitative methods. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) ED was 0.4 ± 0.3 and 0.2 ± 0.1 mSv for erect and supine projections, respectively (p < 0.001). The estimated ED in the erect position was 102% higher compared to the supine position. The mean ± SD visual image quality was reduced (27%) when using an erect position 1.9 ± 0.5 when compared with supine 2.6 ± 0.7. The calculated signal to noise ratio (SNR) was higher in erect position by 14%. Contrast to noise ratio (CNR) was reduced by 16% when using an erect position. Study findings support the continued use of the supine position as the preferred method due to significant reductions in radiation dose when compared to erect imaging. A single projection is likely to be sufficient but in certain situations, for example in case of absence of a computed tomography (CT) scanner or ultrasound, then an additional erect abdominal radiograph may be warranted. The erect abdomen radiograph increases the radiation dose and decreases the image quality. Further research is required to define more holistically evaluation optimisation strategies to reduce the patient dose, such as using an increase source-to-image distance or the development of patient-specific exposure parameters for evaluating different clinical indications and patient sizes.
Topics: Humans; Radiation Dosage; Radiography, Abdominal; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Signal-To-Noise Ratio; Radiography; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 36195039
DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110477 -
Journal of Endourology Jul 2017The prevalence of urinary stones in the United States has been described as 1 in 11 persons reporting a history of stones. Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis,... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of urinary stones in the United States has been described as 1 in 11 persons reporting a history of stones. Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis, management, and follow-up for these patients and imaging technology over the last 100 years has advanced as the disease prevalence has increased. CT remains the gold standard for imaging urolithiasis and changes in this technology, with the addition of multidetector CT and dual-energy CT, as well as the changes in utilization of CT, have decreased the radiation dose encountered by patients and allowed for improved stone detection. The use of digital tomography has been introduced for follow-up of recurrent stone formers offering the potential to lower radiation exposure over the course of a patient's lifelong treatment. However, there is still a demand for improved imaging techniques to detect smaller stones and stones in larger patients at lower radiation doses as well as the continued need for the judicious use of all imaging modalities for healthcare cost containment and patient safety.
Topics: Fluoroscopy; Humans; Radiation Exposure; Radiography, Abdominal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Urolithiasis
PubMed: 28401803
DOI: 10.1089/end.2016.0695 -
Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR Feb 2016Pneumoperitoneum is caused by rupture of a hollow viscus that includes the stomach, small bowel, and large bowel, with the exception of those portions that are... (Review)
Review
Pneumoperitoneum is caused by rupture of a hollow viscus that includes the stomach, small bowel, and large bowel, with the exception of those portions that are retroperitoneal in the duodenum and colon. The causes of pneumoperitoneum are numerous, ranging from iatrogenic and benign causes to more life-threatening conditions. In the absence of a benign cause of pneumoperitoneum, the identification of free intraperitoneal gas usually indicates the need for emergency surgery to repair a perforated bowel. The plain film is the primary diagnostic tool for detecting pneumoperitoneum: multiple signs of free intraperitoneal air can be found especially on supine abdominal radiographs. Computed tomography (CT) examination has been shown to be more sensitive than abdominal radiographs for the detection of free intraperitoneal air. It is important that the radiologist become familiar with the signs of pneumoperitoneum that can be discerned on abdominal radiographs, on CT scout view, and on CT scan.
Topics: Humans; Intestinal Perforation; Pneumoperitoneum; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Radiography, Abdominal; Rupture
PubMed: 26827732
DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2015.10.008 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Nov 2017
Review
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Pneumoperitoneum; Radiography, Abdominal; Supine Position
PubMed: 28500382
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1177-5