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Pediatric Radiology Apr 2015Postmortem radiology is a rapidly developing specialty that is increasingly used as an adjunct to or substitute for conventional autopsy. The goal is to find patterns of... (Review)
Review
Postmortem radiology is a rapidly developing specialty that is increasingly used as an adjunct to or substitute for conventional autopsy. The goal is to find patterns of disease and possibly the cause of death. Postmortem CT images bring to light processes of decomposition most radiologists are unfamiliar with. These postmortem changes, such as the formation of gas and edema, should not be mistaken for pathological processes that occur in living persons. In this review we discuss the normal postmortem thoraco-abdominal changes and how these appear on CT images, as well as how to differentiate these findings from those of pathological processes.
Topics: Autopsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnostic Imaging; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Netherlands; Pediatrics; Radiography, Abdominal; Radiography, Thoracic; Reference Values; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; United States
PubMed: 25828355
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-014-3258-8 -
Clinical Radiology Oct 2014Masses involving the abdominal wall arise from a large number of aetiologies. This article will describe a diagnostic approach, imaging features of the most common... (Review)
Review
Masses involving the abdominal wall arise from a large number of aetiologies. This article will describe a diagnostic approach, imaging features of the most common causes of abdominal wall masses, and highly specific characteristics of less common diseases. A diagnostic algorithm for abdominal wall masses combines clinical history and imaging appearances to classify lesions.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Abdominal Wall; Contrast Media; Diagnostic Imaging; Female; Humans; Image Enhancement; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Medical History Taking; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Radiography, Abdominal; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 25064764
DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.06.006 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Jan 2020
Review
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Peritoneal Cavity; Pneumoperitoneum; Radiography, Abdominal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31705247
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02315-6 -
Journal of the American College of... Jun 2020
Topics: Abdomen; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Radiography, Abdominal; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 32451050
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.03.003 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Feb 2020To evaluate the utility of pre-procedural CT and abdominal radiography before percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy tube placement.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the utility of pre-procedural CT and abdominal radiography before percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy tube placement.
METHODS
A retrospective review of gastrostomy tube placements was conducted at a tertiary care radiology department. During the studied period, all percutaneous radiologic G-tube placements (PRG) at the institution required a pre-procedural abdominal CT. Whether the CT was interpreted to have an adequate window for PRG was recorded. The same patients with pre-procedural abdominal radiographs were also identified and retrospectively reviewed for the presence of satisfactory anatomy for PRG. Outcomes of tube placements were reviewed.
RESULTS
126 PRG requests were identified, all with abdominal CTs. 110 also had an abdominal radiograph. An adequate window for PRG was present in 83% of patients by CT and 73% by radiography. Of patients in whom it was attempted, 94% underwent successful PRG with a 7.4% minor complication rate. Of those refused for PRG based on CT, 9% had successful percutaneous endoscopic G-tube placement, resulting in a sensitivity of 98%. 97% of patients with satisfactory anatomy by radiograph underwent successful PRG. Of those with no window, 66% had a window by CT, and 94% in whom it was attempted had successful PRG placement. This resulted in a sensitivity of 77% for radiography. Concordance between CT and radiography was 73%.
CONCLUSIONS
Pre-procedural CT interpretation is highly predictive of successful and uncomplicated PRG. Abdominal radiography also predicts successful PRG, but with a lower accuracy, limiting its utility as a pre-procedural exam.
Topics: Adult; Female; Fluoroscopy; Gastrostomy; Humans; Male; Preoperative Care; Radiography, Abdominal; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31797024
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02352-1 -
Radiologic Clinics of North America Jul 2015Pancreatic and duodenal injuries are rare but life-threatening occurrences, often occurring in association with other solid organ injuries. Findings of pancreatic and... (Review)
Review
Pancreatic and duodenal injuries are rare but life-threatening occurrences, often occurring in association with other solid organ injuries. Findings of pancreatic and duodenal trauma on computed tomography and MR imaging are often nonspecific, and high levels of clinical suspicion and understanding of mechanism of injury are imperative. Familiarity with the grading schemes of pancreatic and duodenal injury is important because they help in assessing for key imaging findings that directly influence management. This article presents an overview of imaging of blunt and penetrating pancreatic and duodenal injuries, including pathophysiology, available imaging techniques, and variety of imaging features.
Topics: Abdominal Injuries; Diagnosis, Differential; Duodenum; Humans; Pancreas; Radiography, Abdominal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 26046509
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2015.02.009 -
Clinical Imaging Oct 2022Acute abdominal pain is a common cause of ED visits and often requires imaging to identify a specific diagnosis. Prompt and appropriate imaging plays a crucial role in... (Review)
Review
Acute abdominal pain is a common cause of ED visits and often requires imaging to identify a specific diagnosis. Prompt and appropriate imaging plays a crucial role in patient management and leads to improved patient outcomes, decreased hospital stay, and improved ED workflow. There are many cases of abdominal pain in the ED with delayed diagnosis and management secondary to a combination of institutional policies and knowledge deficits in current imaging guidelines. Inappropriate use of abdominal radiographs, use of oral contrast for CT abdomen and pelvis, and concern for iodinated contrast-induced acute kidney injury are three of the more commonly encountered roadblocks to prompt imaging diagnosis of abdominal pain. The purpose of this review is to discuss why these potential causes of delayed diagnosis occur and how radiologists can help improve both imaging and ED workflow by utilizing the most up-to-date imaging guidelines such the American College of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria and ACR Manual on Contrast Media to assist clinicians working in the emergency setting.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Contrast Media; Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Radiography, Abdominal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35914341
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2022.06.015 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Apr 2017The purpose of this article is to familiarize radiologists and clinicians with a subset of common and uncommon incidental findings on abdominal and pelvic computed... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this article is to familiarize radiologists and clinicians with a subset of common and uncommon incidental findings on abdominal and pelvic computed tomography examinations, including hepatic, splenic, renal, adrenal, pancreatic, aortic/iliac arterial, gynecological, and a few other miscellaneous findings, with an emphasis on "incidentalomas" discovered in the emergency setting. In addition, we will review the complex problem of diagnosing such entities, and provide current management recommendations. Representative case examples, which we have encountered in our clinical practices, will be demonstrated.
Topics: Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Incidental Findings; Radiography, Abdominal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 27695953
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-016-0914-5 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Sep 2022The number of publications on texture analysis (TA), radiomics, and radiogenomics has been growing exponentially, with abdominal radiologists aiming to build new... (Review)
Review
The number of publications on texture analysis (TA), radiomics, and radiogenomics has been growing exponentially, with abdominal radiologists aiming to build new prognostic or predictive biomarkers for a wide range of clinical applications including the use of oncological imaging to advance the field of precision medicine. TA is specifically concerned with the study of the variation of pixel intensity values in radiological images. Radiologists aim to capture pixel variation in radiological images to deliver new insights into tumor biology that cannot be derived from visual inspection alone. TA remains an active area of investigation and requires further standardization prior to its clinical acceptance and applicability. This review is for radiologists interested in this rapidly evolving field, who are thinking of performing research or want to better interpret results in this arena. We will review the main concepts in TA, workflow processes, and existing challenges and steps to overcome them, as well as look at publications in body imaging with external validation.
Topics: Humans; Medical Oncology; Precision Medicine; Radiography; Radiography, Abdominal; Radiology
PubMed: 34825946
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03359-3 -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... Jul 2015
Topics: Aged; Choristoma; Female; Gallbladder; Gallbladder Diseases; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Radiography, Abdominal
PubMed: 25576477
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2014.12.028