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Abdominal Radiology (New York) May 2017Incidental bone lesions are commonly seen on abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) examinations. These incidental bone lesions can be diagnostically challenging... (Review)
Review
Incidental bone lesions are commonly seen on abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) examinations. These incidental bone lesions can be diagnostically challenging to the abdominal radiologist who may not be familiar with their appearance or their appropriate management. The characterization of such bone lesions as non-aggressive or aggressive based on their CT appearance involves similar principles to their morphologic evaluation on radiographs. Knowledge of the age of the patient and the presence of symptoms, mainly bone pain, can improve analysis. Examples of bone lesions that may be encountered include solitary or multifocal bone lesions, osteochondromatous and chondroid tumors, Paget's disease, avascular necrosis/bone infarctions, iatrogenic lesions, and periarticular lesions. This pictorial essay aims to provide a framework for the analysis of incidental bone lesions on CT and when further imaging and clinical work-up should be recommended.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Incidental Findings; Radiography, Abdominal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 28132074
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-016-1040-0 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Sep 2017Abdominal computed tomography (CT) is a widely performed examination, with many indications. Assessment of bone, fat, and muscle on abdominal CT can be performed in a... (Review)
Review
Abdominal computed tomography (CT) is a widely performed examination, with many indications. Assessment of bone, fat, and muscle on abdominal CT can be performed in a quantitative manner. Published studies have developed diagnostic cutoffs for osteoporosis, obesity, and sarcopenia, which are summarized with pictorial examples. The epidemiological and prognostic significance of these disease states are outlined. Further diagnostic steps and treatment strategies are outlined to inform both the managing clinician and reporting radiologist. This article summarizes an unglamorous yet information-rich field, which is ripe for assessment in the dawning era of personalized medicine, and one in which the radiologist is well placed to add value to patient care.
Topics: Humans; Obesity; Osteoporosis; Prognosis; Radiography, Abdominal; Sarcopenia; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 28386693
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1124-5 -
Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR Feb 2016Appendicitis is one of the most common abdominal surgical emergencies. In some cases, the correct diagnosis may be challenging, owing to different conditions that can... (Review)
Review
Appendicitis is one of the most common abdominal surgical emergencies. In some cases, the correct diagnosis may be challenging, owing to different conditions that can mimic this pathology. In this context, abdominal computed tomography (CT) is the imaging modality of choice, leading to an accurate diagnosis and to a reduction in unnecessary laparotomies. The diagnosis of perforated appendix is crucial, but the detection of the perforation signs by CT may not be so simple in the early process. The aim of this article is to review the multiple detector CT signs of perforated appendicitis.
Topics: Appendicitis; Emergency Medical Services; Humans; Multidetector Computed Tomography; Patient Positioning; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Radiography, Abdominal
PubMed: 26827736
DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2015.10.002 -
Physica Medica : PM : An International... Jun 2018Dose reduction using additional filters with high kilovoltage peak (kVp) for abdominal digital radiography has received much attention recently. We evaluated image...
PURPOSE
Dose reduction using additional filters with high kilovoltage peak (kVp) for abdominal digital radiography has received much attention recently. We evaluated image quality with dose reduction in abdominal digital radiography by using high kVp and additional copper filters at a tertiary hospital.
METHODS
Between June 2016 and July 2016, 82 patients underwent abdominal digital radiography using 80 kVp in X-ray room 1 and 82 were imaged using 92 kVp with 0.1-mm copper filtration in X-ray room 2. The effective dose was calculated using a PC-based Monte Carlo program. Image quality of the abdominal radiography acquired in the two rooms was evaluated using a five-point ordinal scale, as well as the signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios.
RESULTS
The mean effective dose decreased by 25.8% and 25.7% for the supine and standing positions, respectively, when abdominal digital radiography using 92 kVp with 0.1-mm copper filtration was performed. In the 20 patients who performed abdominal digital radiography twice in each room, visual grading scores for visualisation of psoas outlines and kidney outlines are higher in room 1. However, there was no statistical significant difference of visual grading scores among the 124 patients who underwent only one abdominal radiography in the room 1 or 2 (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Dose reduction for abdominal digital radiography can be achieved with comparable image quality by performing abdominal digital radiography using 92 kVp with 0.1-mm copper filtration, despite the higher AEC dose.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Quality Control; Radiation Dosage; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Radiography, Abdominal; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 29891093
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.05.007 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Apr 2016
Topics: Germany; Guideline Adherence; Health Care Surveys; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Radiography, Abdominal; Radiology
PubMed: 27050544
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1552523 -
Journal of the Chinese Medical... Jun 2022Plain abdominal radiography including supine and erect abdominal radiographs (SAR and EAR) is a frequently used image modality for preliminary evaluation of acute...
BACKGROUND
Plain abdominal radiography including supine and erect abdominal radiographs (SAR and EAR) is a frequently used image modality for preliminary evaluation of acute abdomen. We aimed to explore which one of the SAR or EAR has a higher diagnostic value in overall diagnosis of acute abdomen, including their respective advantages over each other for the various underlying diseases.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the imaging findings of plain abdominal radiography of patients with acute abdomen who received abdominal computed tomography (CT) within 24 hours at the emergency department of a medical center in northern Taiwan between October 2019 and February 2020. Final diagnosis was made by CT reports and clinical data. The relevance between the imaging findings and clinical diagnosis in the groups of SAR and EAR were compared.
RESULTS
A total of 1009 cases with acute abdomen were included, of which 341 (33.8%) underwent EAR and 668 (66.2%) underwent SAR. Among them, 820 cases had final diagnosis confirmed by CT and clinical data. In comparison of the diagnostic relevance of SAR and EAR, there were no significant difference in the overall acute abdomen, but EAR showed a better diagnostic relevance in cases with bowel obstruction than SAR did (100% vs 87.2%, p < 0.05). No statistical difference in other abdominal diseases.
CONCLUSION
There is no significant difference between SAR and EAR in evaluation of overall acute abdomen. However, EARs has a diagnostic advantage over SAR for evaluation of suspected bowel obstruction.
Topics: Abdomen, Acute; Decision Making; Humans; Intestinal Obstruction; Radiography, Abdominal; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35316248
DOI: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000714 -
Seminars in Roentgenology Apr 2018
Review
Topics: Abdomen; Abdominal Injuries; Humans; Radiography, Abdominal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Wounds, Nonpenetrating
PubMed: 29861009
DOI: 10.1053/j.ro.2018.02.008 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Mar 2019Although not the primary focus of the exams, cardiovascular structures are included to some extent on all abdominal or whole-body cross-sectional studies. Cardiovascular... (Review)
Review
Although not the primary focus of the exams, cardiovascular structures are included to some extent on all abdominal or whole-body cross-sectional studies. Cardiovascular findings often present incidentally and may range from chronic to acute and emergent pathologies. Among the most common cardiovascular findings are the presence of cardiac calcifications, most commonly coronary, which correlate with the presence of coronary artery and valvular disease. Signs of myocardial ischemia, both acute and chronic, and its complications may also be visualized. Cardiac filling defects most commonly represent thrombus and are associated with systemic arterial embolic complications. Pericardial findings often manifest as effusion or thickening, which may lead to hemodynamic consequences visible at imaging. Incidental pulmonary emboli and systemic venous thrombi may be incidentally detected, particularly in hospitalized and oncologic patients, and warrant immediate attention. This review will highlight the appearance of common and important incidental cardiovascular findings and related pitfalls and discuss reporting and follow-up recommendations relevant to the abdominal radiologist.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Contrast Media; Humans; Incidental Findings; Radiography, Abdominal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 30737548
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-01922-7 -
Der Radiologe Feb 2019Acute abdomen describes a critical clinical condition which includes a heterogeneous group of clinical presentations. Several diseases require immediate surgical...
CLINICAL PROBLEM
Acute abdomen describes a critical clinical condition which includes a heterogeneous group of clinical presentations. Several diseases require immediate surgical treatment. Therefore, fast radiological assessment is demanded.
STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL METHODS
Stable patients presenting at the emergency department with acute abdominal pain require an abdominal x‑ray, an ultrasound examination and/or a computed tomography (CT) scan, depending on the location and character of their pain. These standard radiological methods provide a quick differentiation between simple and complicated pathologies. Unstable patients should undergo immediate CT and, if positive, be sent directly to surgery.
METHODICAL INNOVATIONS AND ASSESSMENT
The ongoing technical developments in the field of computed tomography allow a quick and detailed characterization of pathologic conditions of the abdominal organs. A structured approach, based on the analysis of typical radiological signs and patterns, combined with the evaluation of extra-abdominal findings helps to assign the observed imaging findings to specific diseases.
RECOMMENDATION
A systematic 4‑point approach for structured analysis of specific and nonspecific imaging features and common pitfalls aids to choose the correct radiological method and help to narrow the broad spectrum of potential differential diagnoses.
Topics: Abdomen, Acute; Abdominal Pain; Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Radiography, Abdominal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 30649575
DOI: 10.1007/s00117-019-0490-0 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Dec 2021
Topics: Humans; Radiography, Abdominal; Radiology
PubMed: 34741184
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03332-0