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United European Gastroenterology Journal Dec 2022Management of intra-abdominal abscesses complicating Crohn's disease (CD) is challenging. After initial drainage and antibiotherapy treatment, surgery with delayed... (Review)
Review
Management of intra-abdominal abscesses complicating Crohn's disease (CD) is challenging. After initial drainage and antibiotherapy treatment, surgery with delayed intestinal resection is often recommended but new data suggests efficacy of biotherapies in this context. This review aims to summarize new data regarding efficacy and safety of anti-TNF in the management of intra-abdominal abscesses complicating CD. We performed a review of the literature on medical management of intra-abdominal abscesses complicating CD. After effective drainage of abscess, treatment with anti-TNF can allow resolving of abscess. In some patients and at a specific timing, the use of biotherapies could avoid delayed surgery and long-term abscess recurrence.
Topics: Humans; Crohn Disease; Biological Products; Abscess; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors; Treatment Outcome; Abdominal Abscess
PubMed: 36479929
DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12342 -
Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent... Jun 2022Periclitoral abscesses are rare and lack a defined management strategy due to the limited number of cases available for review. Regardless of the initial management,...
BACKGROUND
Periclitoral abscesses are rare and lack a defined management strategy due to the limited number of cases available for review. Regardless of the initial management, recurrence remains common.
CASE
A 17-year-old presented with clitoral pain and swelling consistent with periclitoral abscess. Conservative treatment with antibiotics failed, and underwent 2 incision and drainage procedures prior to resolution of the abscess.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Spontaneous periclitoral abscess is rare, and the optimal treatment strategy has not been defined, with a high rate of recurrence being noted regardless of either conservative management with antibiotics or incision and drainage as initial treatment. In many cases of recurrent periclitoral abscess, hair was removed from the abscess cavity, suggesting that retained foreign material in the abscess cavity could be the nidus for recurrence.
Topics: Abscess; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clitoris; Conservative Treatment; Drainage; Female; Humans
PubMed: 34871791
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2021.11.005 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Nov 2022Liver abscesses are a bacterial infection, which occurs because of entry, via portal vein, of pyogenic bacteria into the hepatic parenchyma. Liver abscesses are a... (Review)
Review
Liver abscesses are a bacterial infection, which occurs because of entry, via portal vein, of pyogenic bacteria into the hepatic parenchyma. Liver abscesses are a polymicrobial infection; however, Fusobacterium necrophorum, a ruminal bacterium, is the primary etiologic agent. Ruminal acidosis disrupts the protective barrier function of the ruminal epithelium and facilitates entry and colonization of F. necrophorum in the ruminal wall and subsequent entry into the portal circulation. Virulence factors of F. necrophorum contribute to the evasion of host defense mechanisms and cause tissue damage to set up an infection in the liver. The potential role of the hindgut in pathogenesis remains to be investigated.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Fusobacterium Infections; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Liver Abscess; Rumen; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 36243456
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2022.08.001 -
The American Journal of Pathology Jun 2015Staphylococcus aureus causes many types of human infections and syndromes-most notably skin and soft tissue infections. Abscesses are a frequent manifestation of S.... (Review)
Review
Staphylococcus aureus causes many types of human infections and syndromes-most notably skin and soft tissue infections. Abscesses are a frequent manifestation of S. aureus skin and soft tissue infections and are formed, in part, to contain the nidus of infection. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) are the primary cellular host defense against S. aureus infections and a major component of S. aureus abscesses. These host cells contain and produce many antimicrobial agents that are effective at killing bacteria, but can also cause non-specific damage to host tissues and contribute to the formation of abscesses. By comparison, S. aureus produces several molecules that also contribute to the formation of abscesses. Such molecules include those that recruit neutrophils, cause host cell lysis, and are involved in the formation of the fibrin capsule surrounding the abscess. Herein, we review our current knowledge of the mechanisms and processes underlying the formation of S. aureus abscesses, including the involvement of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and provide a brief overview of therapeutic approaches.
Topics: Abscess; Humans; Neutrophil Infiltration; Neutrophils; Skin Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 25749135
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.030 -
Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) Dec 2023A splenic abscess is a rare disease found in less than 1% of all autopsy studies. Several different diseases are associated as a predisposing factor, such as septic... (Review)
Review
A splenic abscess is a rare disease found in less than 1% of all autopsy studies. Several different diseases are associated as a predisposing factor, such as septic bacteremia due to endocarditis or diverticulitis, previous splenic trauma, immunosuppressive medication or diseases. The reported mortality in the literature is up to 24.5% in correctly diagnosed and treated cases. The diagnostic work-up primarily comprises sonography and computed tomography as well as a percutaneous puncture for determination of the pathogen. In most cases, a percutaneous interventional drainage treatment is sufficient and a splenectomy is necessary only in refractory cases.
Topics: Humans; Splenic Diseases; Abscess; Abdominal Abscess; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Drainage; Intraabdominal Infections; Cardiovascular Abnormalities
PubMed: 37917403
DOI: 10.1007/s00104-023-01990-y -
La Tunisie MedicaleTo assess epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients presenting with a clinically diagnosed severe corneal abscess at the Farhat Hached...
AIM
To assess epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients presenting with a clinically diagnosed severe corneal abscess at the Farhat Hached Hospital Department of Ophthalmology (Sousse).
METHODS
A retrospective, descriptive and anlalytic study of patients presenting severe corneal abscess was conducted over 5 years, from january 1st of 2013 to septembre 3Oth of 2017. The epidemiological, clinical and microbiological aspects, were analyzed.
RESULTS
one hundred and one of of 100 patients were presented severe corneal abscess. The mean age was 54,1 ans years old. The mean delay for referral was 15,5days. The most frequent Risk factor was chronic keratopathy noted in 59% ofcases. Corneal trauma was noted in (30%) and use of contact lenses in (12%).Visual acuity was less than 1/10 in 72% of the patients. Bacteriological cultures isolated an organism in 39.9 % of cases. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (23,3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16,7%), streptococcus (13,3%) were the most frequent species that have been found.
CONCLUSION
A good preliminary analysis of the risk factors, the mode of infection, and the appropriate search for the incriminated germs, allow secondarily an adequate management of the severe corneal abscesses.
Topics: Abscess; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Humans; Keratitis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35244915
DOI: No ID Found -
La Revue de Medecine Interne Sep 2017Splenic abscess is septic collection which occurs after haematogenous spread or local dissemination. Splenic abscess is an uncommon and rare condition, more frequently... (Review)
Review
Splenic abscess is septic collection which occurs after haematogenous spread or local dissemination. Splenic abscess is an uncommon and rare condition, more frequently affecting male and immunocompromised patients. There are no guidelines regarding its diagnosis and management. Computed tomography (CT) scan is highly sensitive and specific (95% and 92%, respectively) in the diagnosis of splenic abscess. Diagnosis is based on blood cultures which are positive in 24 to 80% of cases. Bacterial growth culture of abscess after drainage is more efficient (50-80%) and can be performed after surgery or percutaneous drainage under imaging, including CT scan. Microorganisms involved are frequently enterobacteriaceae, gram-positive cocci and anaerobes. This particular ecology leads to an empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, with a variable duration, from 10days to more than one month. Management remains very close to the one applied in case of liver abscesses. The role of splenectomy in the prevention of recurrence remains controversial. We reviewed the literature regarding splenic abscesses, from diagnosis to therapy.
Topics: Abscess; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriological Techniques; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Female; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Liver Abscess; Male; Splenic Diseases
PubMed: 28196700
DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2016.12.025 -
Current Opinion in Gastroenterology Jan 2020The main complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are strictures, fistulas, abscesses, and colitis-associated neoplasia. In addition to diagnosis, disease... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The main complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are strictures, fistulas, abscesses, and colitis-associated neoplasia. In addition to diagnosis, disease monitoring, and surveillance, endoscopy plays an important role in the management of those complications. This review is to provide up-to-date information in endoscopic treatment modalities for those complications.
RECENT FINDINGS
The endoscopic therapy of IBD complication has evolved from balloon dilation of strictures to endoscopic stricturotomy, strictureplasty, stenting, fistulotomy, sinusotomy, and neoplasia ablation. These endoscopic approaches have provided minimally invasive treatment for those complications.
SUMMARY
The advances in interventional IBD may be credited to our better understanding of the disease process and nature of targeted lesion, and execution of updated principles and techniques of endoscopy.
Topics: Abscess; Anastomotic Leak; Colonic Neoplasms; Constriction, Pathologic; Digestive System Fistula; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
PubMed: 31688337
DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000600 -
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Feb 2017This article describes the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of brain abscesses focusing on studies published in the past 2 years. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article describes the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of brain abscesses focusing on studies published in the past 2 years.
RECENT FINDINGS
In the recent literature, advances have been made in describing the disease, ancillary investigations, and treatment, mostly by combining previously available literature in meta-analyses. These studies identified Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species as the most frequent cause of brain abscess. New developments include the analysis of genetic risk factors for brain abscess, evaluation of shorter antibiotic courses, and the use of hyperbaric oxygen treatment. However, many studies in this field are limited by methodology and results are less helpful for clinical practice. Nevertheless, there has been a gradual improvement in the outcome of patients with brain abscess over the past 50 years, which might be driven by improved brain imaging techniques, minimally invasive neurosurgical procedures, and protocoled antibiotic treatment. Multicenter prospective studies and randomized clinical trials are needed to further advance treatment and prognosis in brain abscess patients.
SUMMARY
Our understanding of brain abscesses has increased by meta-analysis on clinical characteristics, ancillary investigations, and treatment modalities. Prognosis has improved over time, likely due to improved brain imaging techniques, minimally invasive neurosurgical procedures, and protocoled antibiotic treatment.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brain Abscess; Humans; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus
PubMed: 27828809
DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000334 -
International Orthopaedics Sep 2023To evaluate the effectiveness of fluoroscopy guided transpedicular abscess infusion and drainage in thoracic-lumbar spondylitis with prevertebral abscess.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the effectiveness of fluoroscopy guided transpedicular abscess infusion and drainage in thoracic-lumbar spondylitis with prevertebral abscess.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed 14 patients with infectious spondylitis with prevertebral abscesses from January 2019 to December 2022. All patients underwent fluoroscopy guided transpedicular abscess infusion and drainage. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), visual analog scale (VAS), Macnab criteria, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared before and after the operation to evaluate clinical outcomes.
RESULTS
Among the 14 patients with prevertebral abscesses, 64.29% (9/14) involved the lumbar spine and 35.71% (5/14) involved the thoracic spine. The ESR, CRP, and VAS scores decreased from 87.34 ± 9.21, 93.01 ± 11.17, and 8.38 ± 0.97 preoperatively to 12.35 ± 1.61, 8.52 ± 1.19, and 2.02 ± 0.64 at the final follow-up, respectively. MRI at the final follow-up showed the disappearance of the prevertebral abscess compared with that in the preoperative group (66.95 ± 12.63 mm in diameter). Ten patients achieved an "excellent" outcome, while the remaining four patients obtained a "good" outcome according to the Macnab criteria.
CONCLUSION
Fluoroscopy guided transpedicular abscess infusion and drainage is a safe and minimally invasive procedure for the management of thoracic-lumbar spondylitis with a prevertebral abscess.
Topics: Humans; Abscess; Retrospective Studies; Spondylitis; Drainage; Fluoroscopy; Lumbar Vertebrae; Treatment Outcome; Spinal Fusion
PubMed: 37335315
DOI: 10.1007/s00264-023-05866-y