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Parkinsonism & Related Disorders Sep 2020
Topics: Cerebellar Ataxia; Dystonia; Foot Deformities, Congenital; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Humans; Mutation; Optic Atrophy; Phenotype; Reflex, Abnormal; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase
PubMed: 33046383
DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.09.010 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Anti-IgLON5 disease forms an interface between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and includes clinical phenotypes that are often similar to those of...
OBJECTIVE
Anti-IgLON5 disease forms an interface between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and includes clinical phenotypes that are often similar to those of neurodegenerative diseases. An early diagnosis of patients with anti-IgLON5 disease and differentiation from neurodegenerative diseases is necessary and may have therapeutic implications.
METHODS
In our small sample size study we investigated oculomotor function as a differentiating factor between anti-IgLON5 disease and neurodegenerative disorders. We examined ocular motor and vestibular function in four patients suffering from anti-IgLON5 disease using video-oculography (VOG) and a computer-controlled rotational chair system (sampling rate 60 Hz) and compared the data with those from ten age-matched patients suffering from progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and healthy controls (CON).
RESULTS
Patients suffering from anti-IgLON5 disease differed from PSP most strikingly in terms of saccade velocity and accuracy, the presence of square wave jerks (SWJ) (anti-IgLON5 0/4 . PSP 9/10) and the clinical finding of supranuclear gaze palsy (anti-IgLON5 1/4). The presence of nystagmus, analysis of smooth pursuit eye movements, VOR and VOR suppression was reliable to differentiate between the two disease entities. Clear differences in all parameters, although not always significant, were found between all patients and CON.
DISCUSSION
We conclude that the use of VOG as a tool for clinical neurophysiological assessment can be helpful in differentiating between patients with PSP and patients with anti-IgLON5 disease. VOG could have particular value in patients with suspected PSP and lack of typical Parkinson's characteristics. future trials are indispensable to assess the potential of oculomotor function as a biomarker in anti-IgLON5 disease.
Topics: Aged; Autoantibodies; Autoantigens; Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrooculography; Eye-Tracking Technology; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Nystagmus, Pathologic; Ocular Motility Disorders; Phenotype; Reflex, Abnormal; Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular; Retrospective Studies; Saccades; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive; Video Recording
PubMed: 34659261
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.753856 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Apr 2022To evaluate neurological tests and expected results in inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) and generate recommendations for bearded dragon-specific neurological...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate neurological tests and expected results in inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) and generate recommendations for bearded dragon-specific neurological examination.
ANIMALS
26 healthy adult inland bearded dragons.
PROCEDURES
A complete neurological examination utilizing tests described in both mammals and reptiles was performed on each lizard, and test feasibility and outcome were recorded.
RESULTS
Tests with poor feasibility included oculocardiac reflex (successfully completed in 62% [16/26] of animals) and voluntary ambulation and swallowing by use of a food item (0% [0/26] of animals). Tests with outcomes considered abnormal in mammals but attributable to normal bearded dragon behavior included head position (head tilt present in 12% [3/26]) and head movement (head bob present in 4% [1/26]). Many tests had absent or inconsistent outcomes, including menace response (present in 19% [5/26]), proprioceptive positioning (present in 4% [1/26] in the thoracic limbs and 0% [0/26] in the pelvic limbs), vent reflex (present in 27% [7/26]), and myotatic reflexes (biceps present in 8% [2/26]; patellar, gastrocnemius, and triceps present in 0% [0/26]). Extensor postural thrust was absent in all successfully tested animals, but a novel reflex termed the caudal thoracic extensor reflex was noted instead in all observed animals (100% [21/21]).
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Tests with poor feasibility or inconsistent outcomes should have low priority or be excluded from neurological examinations of inland bearded dragons. Normal behaviors should be considered for head position and movement. A bearded dragon-specific neurological examination protocol derived from these findings is described and recommended in order to decrease stress and improve neurolocalization.
Topics: Animals; Lizards; Mammals; Neurologic Examination
PubMed: 35417409
DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.12.0706 -
European Archives of... Jun 2021Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with possible vestibular system dysfunction. This study reports the transient and sustained functions of the...
PURPOSE
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with possible vestibular system dysfunction. This study reports the transient and sustained functions of the otoliths and their reflex pathways in PD compared to healthy controls (HC) and determines if otolith function relates to previous fall history.
METHODS
Forty participants with PD and 40 HC had their otolith function assessed. Transient saccular and utricular-mediated reflexes were assessed by cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs and oVEMPs, respectively) elicited by air-conducted stimulus (clicks) and bone-conducted vibration (light tendon hammer taps). Static otolith function was assessed by the Curator Subjective Visual Vertical (SVV) test.
RESULTS
Compared to HC, the PD group had significantly more absent cVEMP responses to both clicks (47.5% vs. 30%, respectively, p = 0.03) and taps (21.8% vs. 5%, respectively, p = 0.002). Only the PD group had bilaterally absent tap cVEMPs, this was related to previous falls history (p < 0. 001). In both groups, click oVEMPs were predominantly absent, and tap oVEMPs were predominantly present. The PD group had smaller tap oVEMP amplitudes (p = 0.03) and recorded more abnormal SVV responses (p = 0.01) and greater error on SVV compared to HC, p < 0.001. SVV had no relationship with VEMP responses (p = 0.14).
CONCLUSIONS
PD impacts on cVEMP reflex pathways but not tap oVEMP reflex pathways. Bone-conducted otolith stimuli (taps) are more robust than air-conducted sound stimuli (clicks) for both o and cVEMPs. A lack of association between SVV and VEMP responses suggest that static and dynamic otolith functions are differentially affected in PD.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Humans; Otolithic Membrane; Parkinson Disease; Reflex; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials
PubMed: 33112983
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06446-1 -
Muscle & Nerve Oct 2019An absent Hoffman (H)-reflex, the electrophysiological equivalent of the Achilles reflex, is assumed to be one of the first detectable signs of polyneuropathy (PNP). In...
INTRODUCTION
An absent Hoffman (H)-reflex, the electrophysiological equivalent of the Achilles reflex, is assumed to be one of the first detectable signs of polyneuropathy (PNP). In this study we compare the H- and Achilles reflexes in patients with suspected PNP to evaluate the diagnostic utility of the H-reflex.
METHODS
Data from clinical examination and nerve conduction studies (NCS) were analyzed in patients with suspected PNP.
RESULTS
The PNP diagnosis was confirmed by follow-up in 209 patients. The sensitivities of the H- and Achilles reflexes were similar (70.3% vs 71.8%), whereas the H-reflex had higher specificity (85.2% vs 70.5%) (P < .001). Adding H-reflex to the NCS protocol increased the diagnostic sensitivity from 80.9% to 87.6%.
DISCUSSION
The H-reflex is a sensitive method that could provide added value to standard NCS in PNP diagnosis. The simplicity and high specificity make it superior to its clinical equivalent, the Achilles reflex.
Topics: Achilles Tendon; Adult; Aged; Electrodiagnosis; Female; H-Reflex; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neural Conduction; Polyneuropathies; Reflex, Abnormal; Reflex, Stretch; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 31325167
DOI: 10.1002/mus.26639 -
European Archives of... Nov 2023Orthostatic dizziness (OD) is the dizziness that occurs when moving from a sitting or a supine to a standing position. It is typically thought to be connected to...
BACKGROUND
Orthostatic dizziness (OD) is the dizziness that occurs when moving from a sitting or a supine to a standing position. It is typically thought to be connected to orthostatic hypotension (OH). The otolithic control of respiratory and cardiovascular system through vestibulosympathetic reflex has been the focus of considerable recent interest. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the orthostatic dizziness and otolith organ function.
METHODS
This study was carried on 50 adults aged from 18 to 50 years with normal peripheral hearing. Subjects were divided into two groups: controls (GI): 20 healthy adults and study group (GII): 30 patients who were complaining of OD. Patients were submitted to; blood pressure measurement in sitting and standing positions, combined vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) and subjective visual vertical and horizontal tests (SVV) and (SVH).
RESULTS
The study group showed abnormal absent cVEMP, oVEMP. There were also statistically significant differences of P13 and N23 latencies and (P13N23) amplitudes between the two groups in the left ears. Both groups differed significantly in SVH values deviated to the left side. Study group were further subdivided into ten patients with OH and 20 patients with OD without OH. The both study subgroups showed abnormal absent cVEMP, oVEMP and abnormal SVH. OH patients showed statistically significant differences of cVEMP waves P13, N23 latencies in the left ears when compared with the control.
CONCLUSIONS
Otolith malfunction may be the cause of orthostatic dizziness (OD) in patients with and without orthostatic hypotension.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Dizziness; Otolithic Membrane; Hypotension, Orthostatic; Vertigo; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials
PubMed: 37106133
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-07985-z -
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) Feb 2015
Review
Topics: Adipokines; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aging; Animals; Arteries; Arteriosclerosis; Baroreflex; Cardiovascular System; Cytokines; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Hypertension; Inflammation; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Pulse Wave Analysis; Reflex, Abnormal; Sodium Chloride, Dietary; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vascular Remodeling; Vascular Stiffness; Weight Loss
PubMed: 25368028
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03617 -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Dec 2017
Review
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Decompression, Surgical; Diagnosis, Differential; Germany; Humans; Knee Joint; Peroneal Neuropathies; Reflex, Abnormal; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29230740
DOI: 10.1007/s15006-017-0399-3 -
Archives of Physical Medicine and... Mar 2019The aims of this study were threefold: (1) to compare the amplitude of patellar tendon reflex (T-reflex) between women with patellofemoral pain (PFP) and pain-free... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
The aims of this study were threefold: (1) to compare the amplitude of patellar tendon reflex (T-reflex) between women with patellofemoral pain (PFP) and pain-free controls; (2) to compare the amplitude of vastus medialis Hoffmann reflex (VM H-reflex) between women with PFP and pain-free controls; (3) to investigate the association between the amplitude of patellar T-reflex and VM H-reflex in women with PFP and pain-free controls.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional observational study.
SETTING
Laboratory of biomechanics and motor control.
PARTICIPANTS
Thirty women with PFP and 30 pain-free women aged 18 to 35 years (N=60).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Peak-to-peak amplitudes of maximal VM H-reflex (elicited via electrical stimulation on the femoral nerve) and patellar T-reflex (elicited via mechanical percussion on the patellar tendon) were estimated.
RESULTS
Women with PFP had significant lower amplitude of patellar T-reflex (mean difference=0.086; 95% confidence interval=0.020 to 0.151; P=.010; moderate effect) and VM H-reflex (mean difference=0.150; 95% confidence interval =0.073 to 0.227; P<.001; large effect) compared to pain-free controls. The VM H-reflex was strongly correlated with patellar T-reflex in both PFP group (r=0.66; P<.001) and control group (r=0.72; P<.001).
CONCLUSIONS
As the T-reflex is easier to perform than H-reflex assessments in a clinical setting, it represents a feasible option to assess the impaired excitability of the stretch reflex pathway associated with PFP.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Feasibility Studies; Female; H-Reflex; Humans; Patella; Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome; Quadriceps Muscle; Reflex, Abnormal; Reflex, Stretch; Young Adult
PubMed: 30059658
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.06.024 -
The Journal of Pediatrics Sep 2017
Topics: Blepharoptosis; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaw Abnormalities; Male; Monitoring, Physiologic; Nervous System Diseases; Rare Diseases; Reflex, Abnormal; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 28606373
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.05.031