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Giornale Italiano Di Cardiologia (2006) Dec 2023In our collective imagination, cooking - especially home cooking - has always been tied to the heart, perceived as the root and symbol of the universe of sentiments. In...
In our collective imagination, cooking - especially home cooking - has always been tied to the heart, perceived as the root and symbol of the universe of sentiments. In order to innovate, "haute cuisine" must speak to the intellect, but to do so, it must firstly pass through one's emotions, so that the message it intends to convey is not left futile. To speak of the heart is to speak of health, and as such, food remains an essential element; and well-researched cuisine can demonstrate that tastefulness and healthiness can be amalgamated. Hence, this idea of taste and well-being can be spread from haute cuisine to all levels of catering, right up to industrial production.
Topics: Humans; Food; Cooking
PubMed: 38009342
DOI: 10.1714/4139.41336 -
Soins; La Revue de Reference Infirmiere Oct 2023Considering that it's always a good idea to know where we've come from, in order to better envision where we're going, it's appropriate to look at the evolution of the... (Review)
Review
Considering that it's always a good idea to know where we've come from, in order to better envision where we're going, it's appropriate to look at the evolution of the relationship to care by following the thread of nurses' professional construction and the concomitant transformation of practices. Indeed, if we are to approach the discipline of nursing with serenity, we must first identify the key to its cultural heritage, which defines the way it comes into contact with illness at the patient's bedside.
PubMed: 37778861
DOI: 10.1016/j.soin.2023.08.018 -
Innovative Surgical Sciences Sep 2017Due to the rapidly evolving medical, technological, and technical possibilities, surgical procedures are becoming more and more complex. On the one hand, this offers an... (Review)
Review
Due to the rapidly evolving medical, technological, and technical possibilities, surgical procedures are becoming more and more complex. On the one hand, this offers an increasing number of advantages for patients, such as enhanced patient safety, minimal invasive interventions, and less medical malpractices. On the other hand, it also heightens pressure on surgeons and other clinical staff and has brought about a new policy in hospitals, which must rely on a great number of economic, social, psychological, qualitative, practical, and technological resources. As a result, medical disciplines, such as surgery, are slowly merging with technical disciplines. However, this synergy is not yet fully matured. The current information and communication technology in hospitals cannot manage the clinical and operational sequence adequately. The consequences are breaches in the surgical workflow, extensions in procedure times, and media disruptions. Furthermore, the data accrued in operating rooms (ORs) by surgeons and systems are not sufficiently implemented. A flood of information, "big data", is available from information systems. That might be deployed in the context of Medicine 4.0 to facilitate the surgical treatment. However, it is unused due to infrastructure breaches or communication errors. Surgical process models (SPMs) alleviate these problems. They can be defined as simplified, formal, or semiformal representations of a network of surgery-related activities, reflecting a predefined subset of interest. They can employ different means of generation, languages, and data acquisition strategies. They can represent surgical interventions with high resolution, offering qualifiable and quantifiable information on the course of the intervention on the level of single, minute, surgical work-steps. The basic idea is to gather information concerning the surgical intervention and its activities, such as performance time, surgical instrument used, trajectories, movements, or intervention phases. These data can be gathered by means of workflow recordings. These recordings are abstracted to represent an individual surgical process as a model and are an essential requirement to enable Medicine 4.0 in the OR. Further abstraction can be generated by merging individual process models to form generic SPMs to increase the validity for a larger number of patients. Furthermore, these models can be applied in a wide variety of use-cases. In this regard, the term "modeling" can be used to support either one or more of the following tasks: "to describe", "to understand", "to explain", to optimize", "to learn", "to teach", or "to automate". Possible use-cases are requirements analyses, evaluating surgical assist systems, generating surgeon-specific training-recommendation, creating workflow management systems for ORs, and comparing different surgical strategies. The presented chapter will give an introduction into this challenging topic, presenting different methods to generate SPMs from the workflow in the OR, as well as various use-cases, and state-of-the-art research in this field. Although many examples in the article are given according to SPMs that were computed based on observations, the same approaches can be easily applied to SPMs that were measured automatically and mined from big data.
PubMed: 31579744
DOI: 10.1515/iss-2017-0005 -
Sante Publique (Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy,... 2023The design of health policies must be guided by the imperative of sex and gender inclusiveness in order to advance the health of all. Classically conceived from the idea...
The design of health policies must be guided by the imperative of sex and gender inclusiveness in order to advance the health of all. Classically conceived from the idea of universalism, the French conception of health policies is however often categorical when it comes to questions linked to sex and gender, even though health topics are rarely specificaccount. This article examines this tension in the design of public policies that can improve the health of sexual and gender minorities, between "neutral" or "universal" policies and categorical, "sexed" or "gendered" policies. The report Sex, Gender and Health published by the HAS in 2020 bears this conviction that concerning sex, gender and health, the principle of proportionate universalism is the most suitable for improving the health of all, without prejudice but also without privilege, nor for the general population, nor for the minorities that compose it. The authors question the design of public health policies with regard to sexual and gender minorities, seeking the relation between the preservation of the general interest and special interests. It is therefore a question of using the concepts of "sex" and "gender" as levers for improving the health of all, and not as tools for defining categorical policies.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Prejudice; Gender Identity; Sexual Behavior; Minority Groups
PubMed: 37336745
DOI: 10.3917/spub.hs2.0031 -
Personality and Social Psychology... Aug 2023The idea of "purity" transformed moral psychology. Here, we provide the first systematic review of this concept. Although often discussed as one construct, we reveal ~9... (Review)
Review
ACADEMIC ABSTRACT
The idea of "purity" transformed moral psychology. Here, we provide the first systematic review of this concept. Although often discussed as one construct, we reveal ~9 understandings of purity, ranging from respecting God to not eating gross things. This striking heterogeneity arises because purity-unlike other moral constructs-is not understood by what it but what it : obvious interpersonal harm. This poses many problems for moral psychology and explains why purity lacks convergent and divergent validity and why purity is confounded with politics, religion, weirdness, and perceived harm. Because purity is not a coherent construct, it cannot be a distinct basis of moral judgment or specially tied to disgust. Rather than a specific moral domain, purity is best understood as a loose set of themes in moral rhetoric. These themes are scaffolded on cultural understandings of harm-the broad, pluralistic harm outlined by the Theory of Dyadic Morality.
PUBLIC ABSTRACT
People are fascinated by morality-how do people make moral judgments and why do liberals and conservatives seem to frequently disagree? "Purity" is one moral concept often discussed when talking about morality-it has been suggested to capture moral differences across politics and to demonstrate the evolutionary roots of morality, especially the role of disgust in moral judgment. However, despite the many books and articles that mention purity, there is no systematic analysis of purity. Here, we review all existing academic articles focused on purity in morality. We find that purity is an especially messy concept that lacks scientific validity. Because it is so poorly defined and inconsistently measured, it should not be invoked to explain our moral minds or political differences.
Topics: Humans; Morals; Judgment; Disgust; Politics; Religion
PubMed: 36314693
DOI: 10.1177/10888683221124741 -
Nursing Science Quarterly Jul 2022This essay is about health policies. Included are the definition of health policy, the descriptions of the concepts of a conceptual model of nursing and health policy,...
This essay is about health policies. Included are the definition of health policy, the descriptions of the concepts of a conceptual model of nursing and health policy, and examples of various sources of health policies. A central thesis of this essay is that practice guidelines are largely unrecognized as health policies. This thesis provides the connection between the abstract idea of a health policy and what is done in nursing practice. The essay concludes with examples of research questions about nursing and health policies.
Topics: Health Policy; Humans; Models, Theoretical
PubMed: 35762047
DOI: 10.1177/08943184221092444 -
Der Internist Aug 2015Tumor cells could fundamentally be recognized and eliminated by the immune system but malignant cells are able to escape the immune surveillance system. The idea of... (Review)
Review
Tumor cells could fundamentally be recognized and eliminated by the immune system but malignant cells are able to escape the immune surveillance system. The idea of immunotherapy of cancer is to activate, modulate and amplify the host immune response or to genetically equip the immune repertoire of patients with anti-tumor specificities and effectors. In recent years, a variety of promising immunotherapy strategies have been developed, such as bispecific, multispecific and immunoregulatory antibodies, gene-modified T lymphocytes and tumor vaccines. Some drugs have already been approved and others are available for patients in clinical trials. This article presents the current anti-tumor immune strategies and their molecular basis. Even though further research is needed in some areas, such as the establishment of biomarkers for targeted therapy, duration of therapeutic activity and compatibility of combined strategies, cancer immunotherapy is likely to be a key component in oncological treatment concepts in the very near future.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Cancer Vaccines; Drug Design; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 26187335
DOI: 10.1007/s00108-015-3744-6 -
Journal of the National Comprehensive... Aug 2023For patients with resected stage III colon cancer, 6 months of adjuvant fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy has been the standard of care. The IDEA collaboration aimed...
BACKGROUND
For patients with resected stage III colon cancer, 6 months of adjuvant fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy has been the standard of care. The IDEA collaboration aimed to evaluate whether 3 months of adjuvant chemotherapy was noninferior to 6 months. Despite failing to meet its primary endpoint, the subgroup analyses demonstrated noninferiority based on regimen and treatment duration when a risk-stratified approach was used.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
To evaluate the impact of the results of the IDEA collaboration, we evaluated adjuvant chemotherapy prescribing practice patterns, including planned adjuvant treatment regimen and duration from January 1, 2016, to January 31, 2021. The time period was selected to evaluate chemotherapy prescribing patterns prior to the abstract presentation of the IDEA collaboration in June 2017 and after full manuscript publication in March 2018.
RESULTS
A total of 399 patients with stage III colon cancer who received adjuvant chemotherapy were included in the analysis. A significant increasing trend for use of 3 months of adjuvant chemotherapy was observed after presentation of the IDEA abstract (P<.001). A significant change in CAPOX (capecitabine/oxaliplatin) prescribing was also observed, increasing from 14% of patients prior to presentation of the IDEA abstract to 48% after presentation (P<.001). Comparing 3 months of CAPOX with 6 months of FOLFOX (fluorouracil/leucovorin/oxaliplatin), 3 months of CAPOX use also steadily increased over time (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.28; 95% CI, 1.20-1.37; P<.001). Among subgroups of interest, no differences in adoption of CAPOX were observed. The adoption of 3 months of CAPOX was similar in patients with low-risk cancer (aOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.17-1.37) and those with high-risk cancer (aOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.16-1.47).
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the IDEA collaboration failing to demonstrate noninferiority of 3 months' duration of adjuvant therapy compared with 6 months, the findings have influenced practice prescribing patterns, favoring CAPOX and a shorter duration of planned adjuvant treatment.
Topics: Humans; Fluorouracil; Oxaliplatin; Disease-Free Survival; Neoplasm Staging; Colonic Neoplasms; Capecitabine; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Leucovorin
PubMed: 37549913
DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2023.7028 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Aug 2018Numerical knowledge, including number concepts and arithmetic procedures, seems to be a clear-cut case for abstract symbol manipulation. Yet, evidence from perceptual... (Review)
Review
Numerical knowledge, including number concepts and arithmetic procedures, seems to be a clear-cut case for abstract symbol manipulation. Yet, evidence from perceptual and motor behaviour reveals that natural number knowledge and simple arithmetic also remain closely associated with modal experiences. Following a review of behavioural, animal and neuroscience studies of number processing, we propose a revised understanding of psychological number concepts as grounded in physical constraints, embodied in experience and situated through task-specific intentions. The idea that number concepts occupy a range of positions on the continuum between abstract and modal conceptual knowledge also accounts for systematic heuristics and biases in mental arithmetic, thus inviting psycho-logical approaches to the study of the mathematical mind.This article is part of the theme issue 'Varieties of abstract concepts: development, use and representation in the brain'.
Topics: Cognition; Concept Formation; Humans; Knowledge; Mathematical Concepts
PubMed: 29914993
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0125 -
Frontiers in Robotics and AI 2021A robot swarm is a decentralized system characterized by locality of sensing and communication, self-organization, and redundancy. These characteristics allow robot... (Review)
Review
A robot swarm is a decentralized system characterized by locality of sensing and communication, self-organization, and redundancy. These characteristics allow robot swarms to achieve scalability, flexibility and fault tolerance, properties that are especially valuable in the context of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), specifically in unknown environments that evolve over time. So far, research in SLAM has mainly focused on single- and centralized multi-robot systems-i.e., non-swarm systems. While these systems can produce accurate maps, they are typically not scalable, cannot easily adapt to unexpected changes in the environment, and are prone to failure in hostile environments. Swarm SLAM is a promising approach to SLAM as it could leverage the decentralized nature of a robot swarm and achieve scalable, flexible and fault-tolerant exploration and mapping. However, at the moment of writing, swarm SLAM is a rather novel idea and the field lacks definitions, frameworks, and results. In this work, we present the concept of swarm SLAM and its constraints, both from a technical and an economical point of view. In particular, we highlight the main challenges of swarm SLAM for gathering, sharing, and retrieving information. We also discuss the strengths and weaknesses of this approach against traditional multi-robot SLAM. We believe that swarm SLAM will be particularly useful to produce abstract maps such as topological or simple semantic maps and to operate under time or cost constraints.
PubMed: 33816567
DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2021.618268