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Psychological Research Nov 2022This video is a proof of concept that ideas from embodied cognition can be used to understand how the brain and cognitive systems deal with very abstract concepts. The...
This video is a proof of concept that ideas from embodied cognition can be used to understand how the brain and cognitive systems deal with very abstract concepts. The video teaches regression to the mean using three ideas. The first idea is directly related to embodied cognition: abstract concepts are grounded in perceptual, motor, and emotional systems by using successive levels of grounding within an extended procedure. The second idea is that this sort of grounding often requires formal instruction: a teacher needs to develop the sequence in which the concepts are grounded and the methods of grounding. That is, at least some abstract concepts are unlikely to be learned through an individual's unstructured interactions with the world. The third idea is that humans are hyper-social, thus making formal instruction possible. To the extent that the viewer learns the abstract concept of regression to the mean, then the video demonstrates how an embodied theory of abstract concepts could work.
Topics: Humans; Concept Formation; Learning; Cognition; Brain; Emotions
PubMed: 34468857
DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01576-5 -
Social Studies of Science Aug 2022This article maps the rise and fall of the idea of a (social) group across medicine in the context of contemporary analyses in psychology and sociology. This history...
This article maps the rise and fall of the idea of a (social) group across medicine in the context of contemporary analyses in psychology and sociology. This history shows the early 20th century emergence and growth of group medicine, group therapy and group comparisons. In recent decades, however, the idea that groups constituted the basic units of society has been replaced with the emergence of populations and systems that offer a more virtual and abstract context for individual relationships. This has implications for explanation itself as the demise of groups has changed the epistemological ground-rules for understanding identity formation and social change.
Topics: History, 20th Century; Knowledge; Social Change; Sociology
PubMed: 35635027
DOI: 10.1177/03063127221096389 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2017Meaning-making in the brain has become one of the most intensely discussed topics in cognitive science. Traditional theories on cognition that emphasize abstract symbol... (Review)
Review
Meaning-making in the brain has become one of the most intensely discussed topics in cognitive science. Traditional theories on cognition that emphasize abstract symbol manipulations often face a dead end: The symbol grounding problem. The embodiment idea tries to overcome this barrier by assuming that the mind is grounded in sensorimotor experiences. A recent surge in behavioral and brain-imaging studies has therefore focused on the role of the motor cortex in language processing. Concrete, action-related words have received convincing evidence to rely on sensorimotor activation. Abstract concepts, however, still pose a distinct challenge for embodied theories on cognition. Fully embodied abstraction mechanisms were formulated but sensorimotor activation alone seems unlikely to close the explanatory gap. In this respect, the idea of integration areas, such as convergence zones or the 'hub and spoke' model, do not only appear like the most promising candidates to account for the discrepancies between concrete and abstract concepts but could also help to unite the field of cognitive science again. The current review identifies milestones in cognitive science research and recent achievements that highlight fundamental challenges, key questions and directions for future research.
PubMed: 28824497
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01315 -
PloS One 2022The rapid development of modern science nowadays makes it rather challenging to pick out valuable ideas from massive scientific literature. Existing widely-adopted...
The rapid development of modern science nowadays makes it rather challenging to pick out valuable ideas from massive scientific literature. Existing widely-adopted citation-based metrics are not adequate for measuring how well the idea presented by a single publication is developed and whether it is worth following. Here, inspired by traditional X-ray imaging, which returns internal structure imaging of real objects along with corresponding structure analysis, we propose Scientific X-ray, a framework that quantifies the development degree and development potential for any scientific idea through an assembly of 'X-ray' scanning, visualization and parsing operated on the citation network associated with a target publication. We pick all 71,431 scientific articles of citation counts over 1,000 as high-impact target publications among totally 204,664,199 publications that cover 16 disciplines spanning from 1800 to 2021. Our proposed Scientific X-ray reproduces how an idea evolves from the very original target publication all the way to the up to date status via an extracted 'idea tree' that attempts to preserve the most representative idea flow structure underneath each citation network. Interestingly, we observe that while the citation counts of publications may increase unlimitedly, the maximum valid idea inheritance of those target publications, i.e., the valid depth of the idea tree, cannot exceed a limit of six hops, and the idea evolution structure of any arbitrary publication unexceptionally falls into six fixed patterns. Combined with a development potential index that we further design based on the extracted idea tree, Scientific X-ray can vividly tell how further a given idea presented by a given publication can still go from any well-established starting point. Scientific X-ray successfully identifies 40 out of 49 topics of Nobel prize as high-potential topics by their prize-winning papers in an average of nine years before the prizes are released. Various trials on articles of diverse topics also confirm the power of Scientific X-ray in digging out influential/promising ideas. Scientific X-ray is user-friendly to researchers with any level of expertise, thus providing important basis for grasping research trends, helping scientific policy-making and even promoting social development.
Topics: Abstracting and Indexing; Publications
PubMed: 36170296
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275192 -
International Journal of Surgery... Sep 2018Evaluation of new surgical innovations is complex and variably regulated, and historically the quality of surgical studies has been criticized. The IDEAL (Idea,... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Evaluation of new surgical innovations is complex and variably regulated, and historically the quality of surgical studies has been criticized. The IDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term monitoring) Framework was established to provide a pathway for evaluating surgical innovations at each stage of their development in order to produce high quality surgical research. Since the inception of IDEAL in 2009, there has been no assessment of its use. In this review, we look at the uptake and usage of IDEAL by examining the published literature.
METHODS
We conducted a literature search to identify all of the publications that cited IDEAL and included only those papers that intentionally used IDEAL as part of the study methodology. We then characterized these publications by year of publication, specialty, and geographical location. We performed a critical appraisal of Stage 1, 2a, and 2b studies in order to assess the degree to which authors have correctly followed the Framework and Recommendations.
RESULTS
We found 790 citations of IDEAL publications, and after abstract and full-text screening, 38 prospective studies for a surgical innovation that used IDEAL remained. We saw an overall increase in the uptake of IDEAL, with a predominance in urology and origin in the United Kingdom. The critical appraisal showed that although authors identified their project as using IDEAL, they often failed to include key IDEAL characteristics; this was especially true for the features unique to IDEAL Stages 2a and 2b.
CONCLUSION
It is evident from the large number of studies citing IDEAL that the importance and challenges of reporting surgical research is well recognized among researchers. There is growing enthusiasm for using IDEAL but the current level of understanding of the Recommendations is low. Clearer and more comprehensive explanation of the application of the IDEAL Framework and Recommendations is needed to guide surgical researchers undertaking IDEAL based studies of surgical innovations.
Topics: Guideline Adherence; Humans; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prospective Studies; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Therapies, Investigational
PubMed: 30098412
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.07.008 -
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde Jun 2023The quality of communication influences the patient-doctor relationship. Patient satisfaction and compliance improve when a healthcare professional shows empathy and... (Review)
Review
The quality of communication influences the patient-doctor relationship. Patient satisfaction and compliance improve when a healthcare professional shows empathy and compassion. A substantial part of communication is non-verbal, especially in more complex conversations. A physician's physical posture during interaction with the patient is therefore crucial. Although sitting at the bedside is considered as best practice, we increasingly tend to stand during bedside interactions. This might be caused by time constraints and the idea that sitting down may be more time consuming. In this article we discuss the importance of posture. The psychological background of certain body language is reviewed. In addition, we give a concise review of the literature which shows that patient outcomes such as satisfaction are better in a sitting interactions, and that this interaction is not more time consuming.
Topics: Humans; Patients; Physician-Patient Relations; Empathy; Communication; Posture
PubMed: 37345619
DOI: No ID Found -
Zhonghua Shao Shang Yu Chuang Mian Xiu... Oct 2022Burns often cause the damaged tissue to produce a large amount of exudate and the formation of blisters on the wound. The burn blister fluid contains a large number of...
Burns often cause the damaged tissue to produce a large amount of exudate and the formation of blisters on the wound. The burn blister fluid contains a large number of molecules related to wound healing, which can reflect the state of local tissue microenvironment of the burn wound. Analyzing relevant information such as cellular components, signal mediators, and protein molecules in burn blister fluid is helpful to understand the local reaction and tissue microenvironment of burn wounds, and then help clinical burn treatment. In this article, by understanding the production mechanism of burn blister fluid, discussing its role in wound evaluation, and integrating the research progress of burn blister fluid in proteomics, metabolomics, cellular components, and pharmacokinetics, we propose our thoughts and prospects on the research of burn blister fluid, in order to provide assistance for clinical evaluation and treatment of burn wounds, and also provide idea for the follow-up study of burn blister fluid.
Topics: Humans; Blister; Follow-Up Studies; Burns; Exudates and Transudates; Wound Healing
PubMed: 36299215
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20211109-00380 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022We present a theory of sequential information processing in persuasion (SIP). It extends assumptions of the heuristic-systematic model, in particular the idea that...
We present a theory of sequential information processing in persuasion (SIP). It extends assumptions of the heuristic-systematic model, in particular the idea that information encountered early in a persuasion situation may affect the processing of subsequent information. SIP also builds on the abstraction from content-related dichotomies in accord with the parametric unimodel of social judgment. SIP features one constitutional axiom and three main postulates: (A) Persuasion is the sequential processing of information that is relevant to judgment formation. (1) Inferences drawn from initial information may bias the processing of subsequent information if they are either activated rules or valence expectations that are relevant to the subsequent information. (2) Inferences drawn from initial information are resistant to change. Thus, the interpretation of subsequent information is assimilated to inferences drawn from the initial information. Or, if assimilation is impossible, contrast effects occur. (3) The overall effect of a persuasion attempt corresponds to the recipient's judgment at the moment the processing of information is terminated. We illustrate how our predictions for assimilation and contrast effects may be tested by presenting results from an experiment ( = 216) in which we presented exactly the same arguments but varied the processing sequence. We discuss theoretical and applied implications of sequence effects for persuasion phenomena, as well as challenges for further research developing and testing the theory.
PubMed: 36148101
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.902230 -
Soins. Psychiatrie 2015The historical fatalism of the impossibility of recovering from psychosis eased from the 1970s with the shaping of the idea of a possible recovery. Recovery is today... (Review)
Review
The historical fatalism of the impossibility of recovering from psychosis eased from the 1970s with the shaping of the idea of a possible recovery. Recovery is today the objective for the patient and caregivers. The key to achieving this lies in the encounter with Others. A collective approach, on the level of the institution, must be established. The aim is to create opportunities for the patient to express their doubts and feelings.
Topics: Awareness; Cooperative Behavior; Forecasting; Humans; Interdisciplinary Communication; Motivation; Patient Care Team; Prognosis; Psychiatric Nursing; Psychiatric Rehabilitation; Psychotic Disorders; Recovery of Function; Social Stigma
PubMed: 26363659
DOI: 10.1016/j.spsy.2015.06.007 -
Journal of Experimental Psychology.... Jun 2022Why do people gesture when they speak? According to one influential proposal, the Lexical Retrieval Hypothesis (LRH), gestures serve a cognitive function in speakers'...
Why do people gesture when they speak? According to one influential proposal, the Lexical Retrieval Hypothesis (LRH), gestures serve a cognitive function in speakers' minds by helping them find the right spatial words. Do gestures also help speakers find the right words when they talk about abstract concepts that are spatialized metaphorically? If so, then preventing people from gesturing should increase the rate of disfluencies during speech about both literal and metaphorical space. Here, we sought to conceptually replicate the finding that preventing speakers from gesturing increases disfluencies in speech with literal spatial content (e.g., the rocket went up), which has been interpreted as evidence for the LRH, and to extend this pattern to speech with metaphorical spatial content (e.g., my grades went up). Across three measures of speech disfluency (disfluency rate, speech rate, and rate of nonjuncture filled pauses), we found no difference in disfluency between speakers who were allowed to gesture freely and speakers who were not allowed to gesture, for any category of speech (literal spatial content, metaphorical spatial content, and no spatial content). This large dataset (7,969 phrases containing 2,075 disfluencies) provided no support for the idea that gestures help speakers find the right words, even for speech with literal spatial content. Upon reexamining studies cited as evidence for the LRH and related proposals over the past 5 decades, we conclude that there is, in fact, no reliable evidence that preventing gestures impairs speaking. Together, these findings challenge long-held beliefs about why people gesture when they speak. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Gestures; Humans; Metaphor; Speech
PubMed: 34855443
DOI: 10.1037/xge0001135