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Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology 2024New developments in artificial intelligence, particularly with promising results in early detection and management of keratoconus, have favorably altered the natural... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
New developments in artificial intelligence, particularly with promising results in early detection and management of keratoconus, have favorably altered the natural history of the disease over the last few decades. Features of artificial intelligence in different machine such as anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and femtosecond laser technique have improved safety, precision, effectiveness, and predictability of treatment modalities of keratoconus (from contact lenses to keratoplasty techniques). These options ingrained in artificial intelligence are already underway and allow ophthalmologist to approach disease in the most non-invasive way.
OBJECTIVES
This study comprehensively describes all of the treatment modalities of keratoconus considering machine learning strategies.
DESIGN
A multidimensional comprehensive systematic narrative review.
DATA SOURCES AND METHODS
A comprehensive search was done in the five main electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane), without language and time or type of study restrictions. Afterward, eligible articles were selected by screening the titles and abstracts based on main mesh keywords. For potentially eligible articles, the full text was also reviewed.
RESULTS
Artificial intelligence demonstrates promise in keratoconus diagnosis and clinical management, spanning early detection (especially in subclinical cases), preoperative screening, postoperative ectasia prediction after keratorefractive surgery, and guiding surgical decisions. The majority of studies employed a solitary machine learning algorithm, whereas minor studies assessed multiple algorithms that evaluated the association of various keratoconus staging and management strategies. Last but not least, AI has proven effective in guiding the implantation of intracorneal ring segments in keratoconus corneas and predicting surgical outcomes.
CONCLUSION
The efficient and widespread clinical translation of machine learning models in keratoconus management is a crucial goal of potential future approaches to better visual performance in keratoconus patients.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The article has been registered through PROSPERO, an international database of prospectively registered systematic reviews, with the ID: CRD42022319338.
PubMed: 38516169
DOI: 10.1177/25158414241232258 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... May 2023In recent years, the petroleum-based plastic pollution problem has been causing global attention. The idea of "degradation and up-cycling of plastics" was proposed for... (Review)
Review
In recent years, the petroleum-based plastic pollution problem has been causing global attention. The idea of "degradation and up-cycling of plastics" was proposed for solving the environmental pollution caused by non-degradable plastics. Following this idea, plastics would be firstly degraded and then reconstructed. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) can be produced from the degraded plastic monomers as a choice to recycle among various plastics. PHA, a family of biopolyesters synthesized by many microbes, have attracted great interest in industrial, agricultural and medical sectors due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, thermoplasticity and carbon neutrality. Moreover, the regulations on PHA monomer compositions, processing technology, and modification methods may further improve the material properties, making PHA a promising alternative to traditional plastics. Furthermore, the application of the "next-generation industrial biotechnology (NGIB)" utilizing extremophiles for PHA production is expected to enhance the PHA market competitiveness, promoting this environmentally friendly bio-based material to partially replace petroleum-based products, and achieve sustainable development with carbon-neutrality. This review summarizes the basic material properties, plastic upcycling PHA biosynthesis, processing and modification methods of PHA, and biosynthesis of novel PHA.
Topics: Polyhydroxyalkanoates; Plastics; Biotechnology; Petroleum; Carbon
PubMed: 37212231
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230033 -
Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi [Chinese Journal... Feb 2024As a major development in breast surgery, mastoscopy has been proven safe and been involved in almost all breast surgery operative procedures. Its extensive development...
As a major development in breast surgery, mastoscopy has been proven safe and been involved in almost all breast surgery operative procedures. Its extensive development has cultivated a group of positively young and middle-aged academic backbones, at the same time nurtured high-level breast subject leaders, providing innovative ideas and useful reference for the high-quality development of breast specialty. However, due to the relatively weak breast specialty, uneven technical treatment ideas, insufficient promotion of endoscopic technology, unique learning curve, and inhomogeneous technical aspects, the development of mastoscopy technology is uneven and the level of homogenization is low. It should be started from four aspects, including strategic focus, treatment idea, endoscopic technical training, and mastoscopic operation. Multiple measures should be taken to comprehensively improve the homogenization of mastoscopic level.
Topics: Middle Aged; Humans; Female; Breast; Endoscopy; Mastectomy; Learning Curve; Breast Neoplasms
PubMed: 38310373
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20230928-00148 -
Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi =... Aug 2023Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) can resolve the expression characteristics of cells in tissues with single-cell precision, enabling researchers to... (Review)
Review
Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) can resolve the expression characteristics of cells in tissues with single-cell precision, enabling researchers to quantify cellular heterogeneity within populations with higher resolution, revealing potentially heterogeneous cell populations and the dynamics of complex tissues. However, the presence of a large number of technical zeros in scRNA-seq data will have an impact on downstream analysis of cell clustering, differential genes, cell annotation, and pseudotime, hindering the discovery of meaningful biological signals. The main idea to solve this problem is to make use of the potential correlation between cells and genes, and to impute the technical zeros through the observed data. Based on this, this paper reviewed the basic methods of imputing technical zeros in the scRNA-seq data and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods. Finally, recommendations and perspectives on the use and development of the method were provided.
Topics: Cluster Analysis; Transcriptome
PubMed: 37666769
DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202301009 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2019In the analysis of protein-ligand interactions, two abstractions have been widely employed to build a systematic approach to analyze these complexes: protein and...
In the analysis of protein-ligand interactions, two abstractions have been widely employed to build a systematic approach to analyze these complexes: protein and chemical spaces. The pioneering idea of the protein space dates back to 1970, and the chemical space is newer, later 1990s. With the progress of computational methodologies to create machine-learning models to predict the ligand-binding affinity, clearly there is a need for novel approaches to the problem of protein-ligand interactions. New abstractions are required to guide the conceptual analysis of the molecular recognition problem. Using a systems approach, we proposed to address protein-ligand scoring functions using the modern idea of the scoring function space. In this chapter, we describe the fundamental concept behind the scoring function space and how it has been applied to develop the new generation of targeted-scoring functions.
Topics: Algorithms; Machine Learning; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Proteins; Software; Web Browser
PubMed: 31452111
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9752-7_17 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2018Life is more than the sum of its constituent molecules. Living systems depend on a particular chemical organization, i.e., the ways in which their constituent molecules... (Review)
Review
Life is more than the sum of its constituent molecules. Living systems depend on a particular chemical organization, i.e., the ways in which their constituent molecules interact and cooperate with each other through catalyzed chemical reactions. Several abstract models of minimal life, based on this idea of chemical organization and also in the context of the origin of life, were developed independently in the 1960s and 1970s. These models include hypercycles, chemotons, autopoietic systems, (M,R)-systems, and autocatalytic sets. We briefly compare these various models, and then focus more specifically on the concept of autocatalytic sets and their mathematical formalization, RAF theory. We argue that autocatalytic sets are a necessary (although not sufficient) condition for life-like behavior. We then elaborate on the suggestion that simple inorganic molecules like metals and minerals may have been the earliest catalysts in the formation of prebiotic autocatalytic sets, and how RAF theory may also be applied to systems beyond chemistry, such as ecology, economics, and cognition.
PubMed: 30544834
DOI: 10.3390/life8040062 -
Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie Feb 2023International guidelines recommend involving various professions and disciplines at an early stage in the event of chronic back pain. In connection with this, terms such... (Review)
Review
International guidelines recommend involving various professions and disciplines at an early stage in the event of chronic back pain. In connection with this, terms such as multiprofessional or interprofessional interventions are often mentioned without a uniform idea of what they mean. This article is intended to provide an overview of multiprofessional interventions for patients with chronic back pain and the integration into a meaningful interdisciplinary and interprofessional multimodal treatment concept. This is illustrated in a biopsychosocial pillar model, which should be pursued for each patient individually.
Topics: Humans; Back Pain; Combined Modality Therapy; Chronic Pain
PubMed: 36053333
DOI: 10.1007/s00393-022-01258-6 -
JMIR Human Factors Feb 2022Boundary objects can add value for innovative design and implementation research in health care through their organizational focus and the dynamic structure between... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Boundary objects can add value for innovative design and implementation research in health care through their organizational focus and the dynamic structure between ill-structured and tailored use. However, when innovation is approached as a boundary object, more attention will need to be paid to the preimplementation phase. Research and design thinking pay attention to the preimplementation stage but do not have a social or organizational focus per se. The integration of boundary objects in design methodologies can provide a more social and organizational focus in innovative design projects by mapping out the mechanisms that occur at boundaries during design. Four dialogical learning mechanisms that can be triggered at boundaries have been described in the literature: identification, coordination, reflection, and transformation. These mechanisms seem suitable for integration in innovative design research on health.
OBJECTIVE
Focusing on innovation in health, this study aims to find out whether the different learning mechanisms can be linked to studies on health innovation that mention boundary objects as a concept and assess whether the related mechanisms provide insight into the stage of the design and implementation or change process.
METHODS
The following 6 databases were searched for relevant abstracts: PubMed, Scopus, Education Resources Information Center, PsycINFO, Information Science and Technology Abstracts, and Embase. These databases cover a wide range of published studies in the field of health.
RESULTS
Our initial search yielded 3102 records; after removing the duplicates, 2186 (70.47%) records were screened on the title and abstract, and 25 (0.81%) papers were included; of the 13 papers where we identified 1 mechanism, 5 (38%) described an innovation or innovative project, and of the 12 papers where we identified more mechanisms, 9 (75%) described the development or implementation of an innovation. The reflective mechanism was not identified solely but was present in papers describing a more successful development or implementation project of innovation. In these papers, the predetermined goals were achieved, and the process of integration was relatively smoother.
CONCLUSIONS
The concept of boundary objects has found its way into health care. Although the idea of a boundary object was introduced to describe how specific artifacts can fulfill a bridging function between different sociocultural sites and thus have a social focus, the focus in the included papers was often on the boundary object itself rather than the social effect. The reflection and transformation mechanisms were underrepresented in the included studies but based on the findings in this review, pursuing to trigger the reflective mechanism in design, development, and implementation projects can lead to a more fluid and smooth integration of innovation into practice.
PubMed: 35113023
DOI: 10.2196/31167 -
South African Family Practice :... May 2024No abstract available.
No abstract available.
Topics: Humans; Suicide, Assisted; Euthanasia
PubMed: 38832383
DOI: 10.4102/safp.v66i1.5948 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2019The very recent US Supreme Court and Court of Appeals for Federal Circuit (CAFC) cases have dramatically changed the standard of patent eligibility. Several...
The very recent US Supreme Court and Court of Appeals for Federal Circuit (CAFC) cases have dramatically changed the standard of patent eligibility. Several groundbreaking innovations were thus determined to be patent ineligible. The patent ineligibility would impact on the innovation s of the field of biomarkers, diagnostic methods and personalize cancer immunotherapy. To solve the thorny problem of eligibility, this study retrospectively analyzes all CAFC related cases and presents a flow chart determining patent eligibility based on the courts' decisions. Our analysis indicates the best way to avoid eligible rejection or invalidation is that an invention cannot fall within the categories of natural law, natural phenomenon or abstract idea. Thus, claiming non-natural cDNA, involving a step to grow a transformed cell or adding a means clause in a method claim would be some possible solutions. Moreover, based on the flow chart, even though a claim with substantive limitation but not well-understood, routine or conventional activities would be patent eligible; no one has successfully made the argument in the CAFC so far. We believe that this flow chart can serve as a set of guidelines for determining patent eligibility.
Topics: Biotechnology; Immunotherapy; Patents as Topic; Research Design; Retrospective Studies; Supreme Court Decisions; United States
PubMed: 30991887
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1608746