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Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao.... Aug 2023Immune-mediated dermatoses are the skin diseases caused by the breakdown of immune tolerance,including lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis.The imbalance between... (Review)
Review
Immune-mediated dermatoses are the skin diseases caused by the breakdown of immune tolerance,including lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis.The imbalance between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and effector T cells (Teffs) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of these diseases.Low-dose interleukin-2 can preferentially activate Tregs and reverse the imbalance between Tregs and Teffs to recover the immune tolerance,which has attracted attention in the treatment of immune-mediated dermatoses.This review summarizes the research progress in the immunomodulatory mechanism and clinical application of low-dose interleukin-2 in immune-mediated dermatoses,providing a new idea for the clinical treatment of these diseases.
Topics: Humans; Interleukin-2; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 37654150
DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.15198 -
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za... Jun 2023To review the research progress of mitochondrial dynamics mediated by optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) in skeletal system diseases. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the research progress of mitochondrial dynamics mediated by optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) in skeletal system diseases.
METHODS
The literatures about OPA1-mediated mitochondrial dynamics in recent years were reviewed, and the bioactive ingredients and drugs for the treatment of skeletal system diseases were summarized, which provided a new idea for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
RESULTS
OPA1 is a key factor involved in mitochondrial dynamics and energetics and in maintaining the stability of the mitochondrial genome. Accumulating evidence indicates that OPA1-mediated mitochondrial dynamics plays an important role in the regulation of skeletal system diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and osteosarcoma.
CONCLUSION
OPA1-mediated mitochondrial dynamics provides an important theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of skeletal system diseases.
Topics: Humans; GTP Phosphohydrolases; Mitochondrial Dynamics; Osteoarthritis; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 37331956
DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202302056 -
Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany) Dec 2023The diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), originally based on morphological assessment alone, has to bring together more and more... (Review)
Review
The diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), originally based on morphological assessment alone, has to bring together more and more disciplines. Today, modern AML/MDS diagnostics rely on cytomorphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics. Only the integration of all these methods allows a comprehensive and complementary characterization of each case, which is a prerequisite for optimal AML/MDS diagnosis and treatment. In the following, we present why multidisciplinary and local diagnosis is essential today and will become even more important in the future, especially in the context of precision medicine. We present our idea and strategy implemented at Augsburg University Hospital, which has realized multidisciplinary diagnostics in AML/MDS in an interdisciplinary and decentralized approach. In particular, this includes the recent technical advances that molecular genetics provides with modern methods. The enormous amount of data generated by these techniques represents a major challenge, but also a unique opportunity. We will reflect on how this increase in knowledge can be integrated into routine practice to lead the way for personalized medicine in AML/MDS to improve patient care.
Topics: Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Forecasting; Precision Medicine; Molecular Biology
PubMed: 37975919
DOI: 10.1007/s00292-023-01268-4 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023The concept of mizaj corresponds to the idea of personalized medicine and is the main diagnostic principle of Persian medicine (PM). This study aims to investigate... (Review)
Review
The concept of mizaj corresponds to the idea of personalized medicine and is the main diagnostic principle of Persian medicine (PM). This study aims to investigate diagnostic tools for the detection of mizaj in PM. In this systematic review of articles published before September 2022, articles were searched for in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID databases, and gray literature. The titles of the articles were screened by researchers and relevant articles were selected. Abstracts were reviewed by two reviewers to select final articles. Subsequently, the articles found were critically evaluated by two reviewers according to the CEBM method. Finally, article data were extracted. Of the 1812 articles found, 54 were included in the final evaluation. Of these, 47 articles were related to the diagnosis of whole body mizaj (WBM). WBM was diagnosed in 37 studies using questionnaires and 10 using expert panels. In addition, six articles examined the mizaj of organs. Only four of these questionnaires were found with reported reliability and validity. There were two questionnaires for assessing WBM, but neither had sufficient reliability and validity. Questionnaires that assess organs had weak designs and lacked sufficient reliability and validity.
PubMed: 36899961
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050818 -
American Journal of Obstetrics &... May 2022The use of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is predicated on the idea that the study group is representative of the overall clinical population; however, recent studies... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The use of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is predicated on the idea that the study group is representative of the overall clinical population; however, recent studies have suggested that this may not be the case in obstetrics. The generalizability of several seminal obstetrical RCTs, including the A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management trial, has been questioned because of the high ratio of assessed-to-enrolled individuals. Although difficulty in recruitment for obstetrical RCTs is known, it has been postulated that this high ratio increases the likelihood of the study population not being truly representative. Our primary objective was to analyze the assessed-to-enrolled ratio in contemporary obstetrical RCTs.
STUDY DESIGN
During a 4-year period (January 2017 to December 2020), we identified all obstetrical RCTs published in 6 journals (The New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of the American Medical Association, Lancet, American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Obstetrics & Gynecology). The journals were manually reviewed by 2 coauthors to ensure all obstetrical RCTs were identified and abstracted accurately. Reported patient recruitment data, per Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials recommendations, were abstracted from each RCT. Based on the primary outcome of the study, the purpose of the trial was categorized as preventative or treatment. Medians were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum testing, and P<.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
Of 240 obstetrical RCTs that were identified, 193 (80%) reported data on the number of individuals screened and recruited. The median number of individuals screened per trial was 850 (interquartile range [IQR], 323-2582), of which 348 were eligible (IQR, 201-1347) and 300 (IQR, 133-894) were randomized. There was no difference in trials based internationally or in the United States (P=.26). Compared with preventative RCTs, the trials that had treatment as the primary outcome were significantly more likely to screen a larger number of individuals for eligibility (P<.01) and subsequently randomize (P<.02). There was no difference in the median number of individuals who declined enrollment between trials with prevention or treatment as their objective (P=.12). More individuals were lost to follow-up in trials with prevention as the primary outcome (P<.01), although the median number lost was low at 3 (IQR, 0-21).
CONCLUSION
The low assessed-to-enrolled ratio found in this study suggested that researchers are casting a large net for patient recruitment. The relatively high eligible-to-randomized ratio suggested that most individuals are willing to participate in obstetrical RCTs. This finding was at odds with previous critiques of obstetrical RCTs that had called in to question study results secondary to high eligible-to-randomized ratios. Further research into how patients are recruited and counseled is indicated, to explore this variation. The ratio of patients assessed for study eligibility to patients enrolled in preventative vs treatment RCTs was not substantially different. Based on this result, patients seemed to be similarly interested in being enrolled to prevent a complication from pregnancy as in treating one. These results supported the concept that most individuals in the obstetrical RCTs represent the eligible population.
Topics: Gynecology; Humans; Obstetrics; Patient Selection; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Research Design
PubMed: 35031522
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100564 -
Pediatric Exercise Science Aug 2014The first objective was to review and analyze self-reported measures used for assessing mode and frequency of commuting to and from school in youngsters (4-18.5 years... (Review)
Review
The first objective was to review and analyze self-reported measures used for assessing mode and frequency of commuting to and from school in youngsters (4-18.5 years old). The secondary objective was to conduct a qualitative appraisal of the identified studies. We searched five online databases: PubMed, SportDiscus, ProQuest, National Transportation Library, and Web of Knowledge. Four categories of search terms were identified: self-report, active transportation, school-aged children and school. Titles and abstracts were reviewed to determine whether the studies met the inclusion criteria. The quality of the reporting of the measures was assessed using a tailored list. The electronic search strategy produced 5,898 studies. After applying the inclusion criteria, we identified 158 studies. Sixty-three studies (39.8%) specified the question about modes of commuting to school. One hundred seven studies (67.7%) directly questioned the study subjects (i.e., children and/or adolescents). Twenty studies (12.7%) posed a valid and reliable question. The quality assessment of the self-report measures was medium. The self-report measures used in the literature for assessing commuting to school tend to be heterogeneous and make difficult interstudies comparisons. Therefore we put forward the idea of a standard question designed to elicit reliable, comparable information on commuting to school.
Topics: Adolescent; Bicycling; Child; Child Welfare; Child, Preschool; Humans; Schools; Self Report; Transportation; Walking
PubMed: 24722834
DOI: 10.1123/pes.2013-0120 -
The Journal of Physiology Feb 2021We used the idea of synergic control and the framework of the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis to explore the synergic control of a single muscle. Individual motor units...
KEY POINTS
We used the idea of synergic control and the framework of the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis to explore the synergic control of a single muscle. Individual motor units in flexor digitorum superficialis formed two-three groups (MU-modes) with parallel changes in firing frequency, robust over force-up and force-down segments. There were strong force-stabilizing synergies in the MU-mode space during accurate cyclical force production. The results show, for the first time, that the idea of synergic control is applicable to individual muscles. The results suggest that segmental spinal mechanisms, such as recurrent inhibition and stretch reflex, probably play a major role in the synergic control of action.
ABSTRACT
In the present study, for the first time, we have used the idea of synergic control and the framework of the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) hypothesis to test two hypotheses: (i) individual motor units are organized into stable groups (MU-modes) with parallel scaling of firing rates with changes in the muscle force, and (ii) the gains of MU-mode involvement co-vary to stabilize the desired force magnitude. Young healthy subjects performed accurate cyclical force tracing tasks at 1 Hz by pressing with intermediate phalanges; only one finger was instructed to produce force at a time. Surface electromyographic signal from flexor digitorum superficialis was recorded and used to identify individual motor units and their firing frequencies. Principal component analysis with rotation and factor extraction was used to identify MU-modes, which showed similar compositions over the force-up and force-down task segments. Inter-cycle variance analysis in the MU-mode space confirmed the existence of strong synergies stabilizing finger force. There were no synergies stabilizing MU-mode magnitude in the space of individual motor units. This is the first application of the UCM framework to the neural control of a single muscle. It extends the applicability of this approach to analysis of individual muscles. We discuss the importance of the findings for the idea of hierarchical control and the notion of muscle compartments. The results suggest that segmental spinal mechanisms, such as recurrent inhibition and stretch reflex, probably play a major role in the synergic control of action.
Topics: Fingers; Forearm; Hand; Humans; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Principal Component Analysis
PubMed: 33206377
DOI: 10.1113/JP280555 -
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Dec 2022Learning leads to a neuronal representation of acquired knowledge. This idea of knowledge representation was traditionally developed as a "cognitive map" of spatial... (Review)
Review
Learning leads to a neuronal representation of acquired knowledge. This idea of knowledge representation was traditionally developed as a "cognitive map" of spatial memory represented in the hippocampus. The framework of cognitive mapping has been extended in the past decade to include not only spatial memory, but also non-spatial factual and temporal memory. Following this conceptual advancement, a line of recent neurophysiological research discovered such knowledge representations not only in the hippocampus, but also in the entorhinal cortex and frontal cortex. Although the distinct terms "cognitive map," "schema," "abstract task structure" or "categorization" were used in these studies, it is likely that these terms can be reconciled as a common mechanism of learned knowledge representations. Future experimental work will be required to differentiate the parametric nature of knowledge representations across brain areas.
Topics: Entorhinal Cortex; Hippocampus; Neurons; Learning; Cognition
PubMed: 36219950
DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102641 -
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and... Mar 2016Suicide prevention is a health service priority. Some surveys have assessed suicidal behaviors and potential risk factors. (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Suicide prevention is a health service priority. Some surveys have assessed suicidal behaviors and potential risk factors.
OBJECTIVES
The current paper aimed to gather information about etiology of suicide attempts in Iran.
DATA SOURCES
Pubmed, ISI web of science, PsychInfo, IranPsych, IranMedex, IranDoc as well as gray literature were searched.
STUDY SELECTION
By electronic and gray literature search, 128 articles were enrolled in this paper. Pubmed, ISI web of science, PsychInfo, IranPsych, IranMedex, IranDoc were searched for electronic search. After reading the abstracts, 84 studies were excluded and full texts of 44 articles were reviewed critically.
DATA EXTRACTION
Pubmed, ISI web of science, PsychInfo, IranPsych, IranMedex, IranDoc as well as gray literature were searched to find any study about etiologic factors of suicide attempt in Iran.
RESULTS
Depressive disorder was the most common diagnosis in suicide attempters that is 45% of the evaluated cases had depression. One study that had used Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) found that Histrionics in females and Schizophrenia and Paranoia in males were significantly influential. Family conflicts with 50.7% and conflict with parents with 44% were two effective psychosocial factors in suicidal attempts. In around one fourth (28.7%) of the cases, conflict with spouse was the main etiologic factor.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the methodological limitations, outcomes should be generalized cautiously. Further studies will help to plan preventive strategies for suicidal attempts; therefore, continued researches should be conducted to fill the data gaps.
PubMed: 27284284
DOI: 10.17795/ijpbs-948 -
Disability and Health Journal Oct 2017The first few years of life are critical for the healthy growth and development of every child. Enrolling children with disabilities or at risk of developmental delay... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The first few years of life are critical for the healthy growth and development of every child. Enrolling children with disabilities or at risk of developmental delay into early intervention services is essential to successfully meet their physical, cognitive, communication, socio-emotional and adaptive needs. However, many children throughout in the United States who are eligible for public services, including early intervention services, are not accessing them. Research has yet to fully describe low enrollment rates and variability in enrollment into early intervention services.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this review was to systematically examine current literature on enrollment of children less than three years of age into early intervention (Part C) services through the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
METHODS
A systematic review of relevant articles in MEDLINE, ERIC, and Google Scholar databases were conducted in March 2015. Two authors independently reviewed abstracts according to established inclusion criteria. Eligible articles were then read, confirmed, and themes were extracted.
RESULTS
Ten articles met established inclusion criteria and were reviewed. The five themes that emerged included policies for children at risk of a developmental delay, funding allocated to programs, eligibility definitions, referral into Part C programs, and structure of the state administrative system.
CONCLUSIONS
Future research should identify best practices for policy that would benefit children gaining access to services early on. It is critical that we thoughtfully address policy decisions affecting enrollment of children into early intervention programs during the next reauthorization of IDEA.
Topics: Child; Developmental Disabilities; Disabled Children; Early Intervention, Educational; Eligibility Determination; Humans; Policy; Referral and Consultation
PubMed: 28187953
DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2017.01.009