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Annals of Emergency Medicine Nov 2019
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents, Traffic; Child; Emergency Medicine; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Motor Vehicles; Safety Management; Schools; Societies, Medical; United States
PubMed: 31668254
DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.07.041 -
International Maritime Health 2022Venturing onto the water for business or pleasure is not a risk-free activity. Despite the dangers facing crew and passengers there is little data on the characteristics... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Venturing onto the water for business or pleasure is not a risk-free activity. Despite the dangers facing crew and passengers there is little data on the characteristics of fatal accidents involving vessels in the water. The goal of this study was to review accident reports from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) to determine characteristics of fatal marine accidents.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data was obtained from the Marine Accident Reports issued by the NTSB. Information regarding the number of people involved, fatalities and the accident itself was collected.
RESULTS
Fifty-two accidents involving 5045 people from 1972 to 2019 were included in the study, with 468 fatalities reported. Of the fatalities, 155 (33.1%) were definitely on the vessel when they died, 49 (10.5%) were probably on the vessel, 65 (13.9%) were definitely or likely in the water, and the location of 199 (42.5%) was unknown. The most common cause of death was drowning (88, 18.8%), the most common accident cause was sinking (63.5%), and accidents most often started during nighttime hours (7pm-7am, 30, 57.7%).
CONCLUSIONS
This study found that sinking was the most common accident cause for fatal marine accidents, drowning the most common cause of death, and where fatality location was known most were on the vessel when they died. This suggests that, particularly when a ship is in the process of sinking, it is of paramount importance to ensure passengers and crew are familiar with exit routes, are able to exit the vessel, and are instructed to do so in a timely manner.
Topics: Accidents; Drowning; Humans; Nitrobenzoates; Ships; Water
PubMed: 36217975
DOI: 10.5603/IMH.2022.0022 -
International Journal of Injury Control... 2015Powered-two-wheelers (PTWs) constitute a very vulnerable type of road users. The notable increase in their share in traffic and the high risk of severe accident... (Review)
Review
Powered-two-wheelers (PTWs) constitute a very vulnerable type of road users. The notable increase in their share in traffic and the high risk of severe accident occurrence raise the need for further research. However, current research on PTW safety is not as extensive as for other road users (passenger cars, etc.). Consequently, the objective of this research is to provide a critical review of research on Power-Two-Wheeler behaviour and safety with regard to data collection, methods of analysis and contributory factors, and discuss the needs for further research. Both macroscopic analyses (accident frequency, accident rates and severity) and microscopic analyses (PTW rider behaviour, interaction with other motorised traffic) are examined and discussed in this paper. The research gaps and the needs for future research are identified, discussed and put in a broad framework. When the interactions between behaviour, accident frequency/rates and severity are co-considered and co-investigated with the various contributory factors (riders, other users, road and traffic environment, vehicles), the accident and injury causes as well as the related solutions are better identified.
Topics: Acceleration; Accidents, Traffic; Dangerous Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Motorcycles; Risk-Taking; Safety
PubMed: 24882114
DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2014.908224 -
High Altitude Medicine & Biology Jun 2022DeLoughery, Emma P. and Thomas G. DeLoughery. Review and Analysis of Mountaineering Accidents in the United States from 1947-2018. . 23:114-118, 2022. Given the... (Review)
Review
DeLoughery, Emma P. and Thomas G. DeLoughery. Review and Analysis of Mountaineering Accidents in the United States from 1947-2018. . 23:114-118, 2022. Given the popularity of mountaineering, it is important to better understand accidents related to this sport. We undertook this review of accidents to better understand the demographics and locations involved in mountaineering accidents over 71 years. Data collected from "Accidents in North American Mountaineering" booklets from 1947 to 2018 included the date, state and location of the accident, sex and age of the victim, type of accident, injuries sustained, and distance fallen if a fall occurred. If at least 10 accidents occurred in an individual state and/or location, these sites were separately analyzed. From 1947 to 2018, 2,799 people were reported to be involved in mountaineering accidents, and 43% of these accidents resulted in death. Women were involved in 12% of cases. Falls were the most common accident (68% incidence, 45% fatal), followed by falling rock (7%, 26% fatal), avalanche (6%, 75% fatal), and falling into a crevasse (2%, 52% fatal). The average age of victims was 30 years. California had the most accidents (18%), followed by Washington (16%) and Alaska (15%). Denali had the greatest frequency of both accidents and deaths (11%, 8% of deaths), followed by Mount Rainier (6%, 7% of deaths) and Mount Hood (2%, 3% of deaths). Accident victims tend to be young and predominantly male, and the accidents themselves are most often falls. Avalanches were identified as an accident cause with a high fatality rate.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Accidents; Adult; Avalanches; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Mountaineering; United States
PubMed: 35263173
DOI: 10.1089/ham.2021.0085 -
Work (Reading, Mass.) 2019The paper is a research review focusing on occupational safety in the construction industry. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The paper is a research review focusing on occupational safety in the construction industry.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose is to present research that highlights the areas of occupational safety and risks and to identify areas where research is lacking.
METHODS
146 articles from scientific journals, mainly covering the construction industry in Europe, Canada, USA, Australia and Japan have been studied. The findings are presented under 11 categories: accident statistics; individual factors; legislation and regulations; ethical considerations; risk management; leadership, management, organization; competence; safety design; cost-benefit calculations; programs and models; and technical solutions.
RESULTS
The research is dominated by initiatives from researchers and government authorities, while the construction industry only appears as the object for the research. There is a scarcity of research on integrated systems encompassing subcontractors, as well as a lack of research with sociological perspectives on accidents. Furthermore, only a few studies have applied a gender perspective on safety in construction, i.e. there is a need of further research in this particular area.
CONCLUSIONS
A range of initiatives have been taken to increase safety in the construction industry and the initiatives are mainly reported to be successful. There are some cultural differences, but basically researchers present similar results regardless of country.
Topics: Accidents, Occupational; Construction Industry; Female; Humans; Male; Occupational Health; Safety; Safety Management
PubMed: 31450536
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-192976 -
Journal International de Bioethique Et... 2024The widespread use of teleworking during the health crisis reduced the flow of occupational accident claims by 20%. This applies to commuting accidents, as well as...
The widespread use of teleworking during the health crisis reduced the flow of occupational accident claims by 20%. This applies to commuting accidents, as well as claims related to « immediate » or “deferred” risks (Rapp. annuel 2020 de l’Assurance maladie - Risques professionnels : Eléments statistiques et financiers, déc. 2021, p. 2 and 113). On the basis of these figures, working at home could be analyzed as a means of preventing occupational risks and improving workers’ health. In reality, however, these figures should not obscure the fact that telecommuting is a major occupational hazard. This is all the more the case given that, while telecommuting was not very widespread before the pandemic, it is now popular with employees and is being developed by many companies as a source of productivity (Rapp. CNP, May 16 2022). We therefore need to keep a close eye on the development of workplace accident legislation in this area, its adaptability to the specific claims experience of teleworkers and its perfectibility, not forgetting the thorny question of the possible recognition of the employer’s inexcusable fault in the event of the accident being covered by professional legislation.
Topics: Humans; Accidents, Occupational; Teleworking; Occupational Health; France
PubMed: 38710631
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2023Subway operation safety management has become increasingly important due to the severe consequences of accidents and interruptions. As the causative factors and... (Review)
Review
Subway operation safety management has become increasingly important due to the severe consequences of accidents and interruptions. As the causative factors and accidents exhibit a complex and dynamic interrelationship, the proposed subway operation accident causation network (SOACN) could represent the actual scenario in a better way. This study used the SOACN to explore subway operation safety risks and provide suggestions for promoting safety management. The SOACN model was built under 13 accident types, 29 causations and their 84 relationships based on the literature review, grounded theory and association rule analysis, respectively. Based on the network theory, topological features were obtained to showcase different roles of an accident or causation in the SOACN, including degree distribution, betweenness centrality, clustering coefficient, network diameter, and average path length. The SOACN exhibits both small-world network and scale-free features, implying that propagation in the SOACN is fast. Vulnerability evaluation was conducted under network efficiency, and its results indicated that safety management should focus more on fire accident and passenger falling off the rail. This study is beneficial for capturing the complex accident safety-risk-causation relationship in subway operations. It offers suggestions regarding safety-related decision optimization and measures for causation reduction and accident control with high efficiency.
Topics: Accidents; Algorithms; Cluster Analysis; Railroads; Safety Management
PubMed: 36834080
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043386 -
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... 2017Sudden illness while driving has been identified as a major cause of vehicle collisions, accounting for approximately 1 in 10 collisions. Because most drivers who... (Review)
Review
Sudden illness while driving has been identified as a major cause of vehicle collisions, accounting for approximately 1 in 10 collisions. Because most drivers who experience sudden illnesses while driving do not perform avoidance maneuvers, the improvement of drivers' health is being promoted as a traffic safety strategy. Although stroke, heart disease, and epilepsy are common causes of sudden illness, common symptoms, such as abdominal cramps, vertigo, and syncope can also cause problems during driving. We found that regular referral to physicians was significantly less common among drivers who experienced health-related vehicle collisions or incidents. Inadequate control of chronic disease might lead to unusual symptoms and the onset of major attacks. Medications are prescribed to patients to relieve their symptoms and/or bring their diseases under control. However, pharmacists and doctors should ensure that patients are treated with appropriate medications to avoid drivers being distracted due to adverse reactions to medications. The author suggests that it is important to keep drivers in good health and administer appropriate medications if necessary. Both pharmacists and doctors should warn drivers that sudden illness or medication-associated distractions can cause vehicle collisions. Such interventions might contribute to reducing the frequency of sudden illness-related vehicle collisions.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents, Traffic; Automobile Driving; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Epilepsy; Health Promotion; Heart Diseases; Humans; Medication Adherence; Patient Education as Topic; Pharmacists; Physicians; Stroke; Vertigo
PubMed: 28250326
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00237-1 -
Lakartidningen Nov 2019In Sweden equestrian sport activities are the sixth most popular sport and predominantly women and girls are engaged. Horses are prey animals and humans are predators,... (Review)
Review
In Sweden equestrian sport activities are the sixth most popular sport and predominantly women and girls are engaged. Horses are prey animals and humans are predators, and the two species therefore act in completely different ways. It is well known that accidents can occur when horses and humans interact. Literature from different countries in the world reveals that most accidents happen to females and also children are at risk. The most common accident is when a rider falls from a horse, but also unmounted humans are at risk for injuries. Most of the injuries are uncomplicated, but there are several reports of serious injuries and death. Prevention of injuries is very important. Education about how horses behave and react in different situations and how to communicate with horses according to Natural Horsemanship strategies make the horses less inclined to escape. The effectiveness of helmets in preventing serious head injury has been well established.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Athletic Injuries; Child; Horses; Humans; Protective Devices; Sweden; Wounds and Injuries; Young Adult
PubMed: 31742653
DOI: No ID Found -
Traffic Injury Prevention 2016The objective of this article is to assess the status of road safety in Asia and present accident and injury prevention strategies based on global road safety... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this article is to assess the status of road safety in Asia and present accident and injury prevention strategies based on global road safety improvement experiences and discuss the way forward by indicating opportunities and countermeasures that could be implemented to achieve a new level of safety in Asia.
METHODS
This study provides a review and analyses of data in the literature, including from the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Bank, and a review of lessons learned from best practices in high-income countries. In addition, an estimation of costs due to road transport injuries in Asia and review of future trends in road transport is provided.
RESULTS
Data on the global and Asian road safety problem and status of prevention strategies in Asia as well as recommendations for future actions are discussed. The total number of deaths due to road accidents in the 24 Asian countries, encompassing 56% of the total world population, is 750,000 per year (statistics 2010). The total number of injuries is more than 50 million, of which 12% are hospital admissions. The loss to the economy in the 24 Asian countries is estimated to around US$800 billion or 3.6% of the gross domestic product (GDP).
CONCLUSIONS
This article clearly shows that road safety is causing large problems and high costs in Asia, with an enormous impact on the well-being of people, economy, and productivity. In many Asian low- and middle-income countries, the yearly number of fatalities and injuries is increasing. Vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists combined) are particularly at risk. Road safety in Asia should be given rightful attention, including taking powerful, effective actions. This review stresses the need for reliable accident data, because there is considerable underreporting in the official statistics. Reliable accident data are imperative to determine evidence-based intervention strategies and monitor the success of these interventions and analyses. On the other hand, lack of good high-quality accident data should not be an excuse to postpone interventions. There are many opportunities for evidence-based transport safety improvements, including measures concerning the 5 key risk factors: speed, drunk driving, not wearing motorcycle helmets, not wearing seat belts, and not using child restraints in cars, as specified in the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020. In this commentary, a number of additional measures are proposed that are not covered in the Decade of Action Plan. These new measures include separate roads or lanes for pedestrians and cyclists; helmet wearing for e-bike riders; special attention to elderly persons in public transportation; introduction of emerging collision avoidance technologies, in particular automatic emergency braking (AEB) and alcohol locks; improved truck safety focusing on the other road user (including blind spot detection technology; underride protection at the front, rear, and side; and energy-absorbing fronts); and improvements in motorcycle safety concerning protective clothing, requirements for advanced braking systems, improved visibility of motorcycles by using daytime running lights, and better guardrails.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Asia; Humans; Risk Factors; Safety; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 26148214
DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2015.1066498