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Nature Chemistry Jan 2020Over the past ten years, there have been several high-profile accidents in academic laboratories around the world, resulting in significant injuries and fatalities. The... (Review)
Review
Over the past ten years, there have been several high-profile accidents in academic laboratories around the world, resulting in significant injuries and fatalities. The aftermath of these incidents is often characterized by calls for reflection and re-examination of the academic discipline's approach to safety research and policy. However, the study of academic lab safety is still underdeveloped and necessary data about changes in safety attitudes and behaviours has not been gathered. This Review article critically examines the state of academic chemical safety research from a multifactorial stance, including research on the occurrence of lab accidents, contributors to lab accidents, the state of safety training research and the cultural barriers to conducting safety research and implementing safer lab practices. The Review concludes by delineating research questions that must be addressed to minimize future serious academic laboratory incidents as well as stressing the need for committed leadership from our research institutions.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents; Attitude; Chemical Safety; Chemistry; Culture; Humans; Laboratories; Research; Safety Management
PubMed: 31740762
DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0375-x -
Accident; Analysis and Prevention Jul 2023The purpose of this study was to apply support vector machine (SVM) models to predict the severity of aircraft damage and the severity of personal injury during an...
The purpose of this study was to apply support vector machine (SVM) models to predict the severity of aircraft damage and the severity of personal injury during an aircraft approach and landing accident and to evaluate and rank the importance of 14 accident factors across 39 sub-categorical factors. Three new factors were introduced using the theory of inattentional blindness: The presence of visual area surface penetrations for a runway, the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) visual area surface penetration policy timeframe, and the type of runway approach lighting. The study comprised 1,297 aircraft approach and landing accidents at airports within the United States with at least one instrument approach procedure. Support vector machine models were developed in using the linear, polynomial, radial basis function (RBF), and sigmoid kernels for the severity of aircraft damage and additional SVM models were developed for the severity of personal injury. The SVM models using the RBF kernel produced the best machine learning models with a 96% accuracy for predicting the severity of aircraft damage (0.94 precision, 0.95 recall, and 0.95 F1-score) and a 98% accuracy for predicting the severity of personal injury (0.99 precision, 0.98 recall, and 0.99 F1-score). The top predictors across both models were the pilot's total flight hours, time of the accident, pilot's age, crosswind component, landing runway number, single-engine land certificate, and any obstacle penetration. This study demonstrates the benefit of SVM modeling using the RBF kernel for accident prediction and for datasets with categorical factors.
Topics: Humans; United States; Support Vector Machine; Accidents, Traffic; Accidents, Aviation; Aircraft; Aviation
PubMed: 37086512
DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107043 -
Ulusal Travma Ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi =... Sep 2022This study was aimed to evaluate the injury characteristics, causes, results, and hospital charges in cases of occupational accidents that were reported to judicial...
BACKGROUND
This study was aimed to evaluate the injury characteristics, causes, results, and hospital charges in cases of occupational accidents that were reported to judicial authorities using trauma scores.
METHODS
The study was performed after obtaining permission from the judicial authorities and approval from the local ethics committee. All occupational accident cases that were reported to the judicial authorities in Bolu Province between 2015 and 2019 were included in the study. The groups were compared with the Chi-Square test, Mann-Whitney U Test, and the Kruskal-Wallis Test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
This study included 3599 cases. The majority of the cases (74.70%) were male, with a mean age of 34.90±10.50 years. Occupational accidents occurred most frequently between 8 and 16 h (n=1982; 55.10%), on Friday (n=595, 16.53%), in April (n=356; 9.89%), and in spring (n=971; 26.98%). Occupational accident-related death occurred in 29 cases (0.8%). The most common injury due to occupational accidents occurred in the food industry (n=1256, 34.90%). Blunt object injury (n=1112, 30.90%) was the most common type of occupational accident; and the upper extremity (n=2049, 54.93%) was the most common injury localization. The mean Abbreviated Injury Scale of the cases was 0.94±0.74, the mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 1.79±4.47, and the mean New-Injury Severity Score (NISS) was 2.11±5.28. The means of ISS and NISS were statistically significantly higher for males, life-threatening injuries, work accidents in the Construction and Agriculture-Forestry sectors, fall from height, traffic accidents, and caught-in-machinery. The total hospital charge was 1,351,339.10 TL and its average was 380.30±2418.90 TL. The mean of treatment costs was significantly higher in the agriculture-forestry and construction sectors.
CONCLUSION
The evaluation of all occupational accidents that are submitted to the jurisdiction on a provincial basis may provide more useful information in the prevention of work accidents. The use of trauma scores in the evaluation of occupational accidents is a useful argument for understanding the sectors and injury types that cause severe trauma. Furthermore, trauma scores may be an important predictor of hospital costs.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Accidents, Occupational; Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Female; Humans; Injury Severity Score; Male; Middle Aged; Wounds and Injuries; Wounds, Nonpenetrating; Young Adult
PubMed: 36043915
DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2022.22796 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Dec 2018Estimates in developed countries of the extent to which fatigue contributes to road accidents range from as low as 5% to as high as 50% of all accidents. Compared with... (Review)
Review
Estimates in developed countries of the extent to which fatigue contributes to road accidents range from as low as 5% to as high as 50% of all accidents. Compared with other causes of road accidents (e.g., speeding, drink-driving), the variability in these estimates is exceptionally high and may be indicative of the difficulty in determining the likelihood of fatigue as a cause of road accidents. This review compares differences in the way road accidents are classified as fatigue-related (or not) by expert panels and road safety regulators, highlighting conflicting conceptual approaches, lack of consistency, and the poor psychometric qualities of classification rules used across jurisdictions. In order to facilitate future research, the review then proposes a new theoretical approach and a potentially more logical accident 'taxonomy'. A putative accident 'taxonomy' is proposed using two dimensions: (1) estimating the likelihood that a driver was fatigued at the time of the accident, and (2) estimating the degree to which accident phenomenology is consistent with fatigue-related error. This 'taxonomy' could assist accident investigators and road safety regulators to more reliably quantify the contribution of fatigue to road accidents, and may also assist researchers and regulators in the post-hoc interrogation of existing accident databases to better determine the relative incidence of fatigue-related road accidents.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Automobile Driving; Fatigue; Humans; Psychometrics; Sleep Deprivation
PubMed: 30274744
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.08.006 -
Colombia Medica (Cali, Colombia) 2014Injuries are the result of an acute exposure to exhort of energy or a consequence of a deficiency in a vital element that exceeds physiological thresholds resulting... (Review)
Review
Injuries are the result of an acute exposure to exhort of energy or a consequence of a deficiency in a vital element that exceeds physiological thresholds resulting threatens life. They are classified as intentional or unintentional. Injuries are considered a global health issue because they cause more than 5 million deaths per year worldwide and they are an important contributor to the burden of disease, especially affecting people of low socioeconomic status in low- and middle-income countries. A common misconception exists where injuries are thought to be the same as accidents; however, accidents are largely used as chance events, without taken in consideration that all these are preventable. This review discusses injuries and accidents in the context of road traffic and emphasizes injuries as preventable events. An understanding of the essence of injuries enables the standardization of terminology in public use and facilitates the development of a culture of prevention among all of us.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents, Traffic; Humans; Socioeconomic Factors; Terminology as Topic; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 25386040
DOI: No ID Found -
British Journal of Hospital Medicine... Oct 2017Accidental hanging is rare in childhood but is often fatal. Window blind cords pose a particular and unique risk to young children in the UK, accounting for one to two... (Review)
Review
Accidental hanging is rare in childhood but is often fatal. Window blind cords pose a particular and unique risk to young children in the UK, accounting for one to two deaths annually. These accidents are frequently associated with non-adherence to the safety instructions provided by the manufacturers. Early discovery of the child and initiation of effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the site of the incident are likely to improve the outcome. Prolonged suspension, children who are pulseless at first contact by the emergency paramedic responder, and patients with prolonged periods of remaining in asystole before return of spontaneous circulation after starting cardiopulmonary resuscitation are unlikely to have intact neurological survival. Management in the hospital includes early airway protection by intubation, maintenance of normal oxygen saturation, normothermia, active control of clinical and sub-clinical seizures, and strict electrolyte and glucose regulation. Child safeguarding concerns should be considered when children have asphyxial injuries, and other signs of child physical abuse should be actively looked for. There is a need for stronger legislation in the UK to prevent some of these accidents, especially those relating to window blind cords.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents, Home; Child; Emergency Medical Services; Global Health; Household Articles; Humans; Incidence; Risk Assessment; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 29019723
DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2017.78.10.572 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2019In order to clearly understand the risky riding behaviors of electric bicycles (e-bikes) and analyze the riding characteristics, we review the research results of the... (Review)
Review
In order to clearly understand the risky riding behaviors of electric bicycles (e-bikes) and analyze the riding characteristics, we review the research results of the e-bike risky riding behavior from three aspects: the characteristics and causes of e-bike accidents, the characteristics of users' traffic behavior, and the prevention and intervention of traffic accidents. The analysis results show that the existing research methods on risky riding behavior of e-bikes mainly involve questionnaire survey methods, structural equation models, and binary probability models. The illegal occupation of motor vehicle lanes, over-speed cycling, red-light running, and illegal manned and reverse cycling are the main risky riding behaviors seen with e-bikes. Due to the difference in physiological and psychological characteristics such as gender, age, audiovisual ability, responsiveness, patience when waiting for a red light, congregation, etc., there are differences in risky cycling behaviors of different users. Accident prevention measures, such as uniform registration of licenses, the implementation of quasi-drive systems, improvements of the riding environment, enhancements of safety awareness and training, are considered effective measures for preventing e-bike accidents and protecting the traffic safety of users. Finally, in view of the shortcomings of the current research, the authors point out three research directions that can be further explored in the future. The strong association rules between risky riding behavior and traffic accidents should be explored using big data analysis. The relationships between risk awareness, risky cycling, and traffic accidents should be studied using the scales of risk perception, risk attitude, and risk tolerance. In a variety of complex mixed scenes, the risk degree, coupling characteristics, interventions, and the coupling effects of various combination intervention measures of e-bike riding behaviors should be researched using coupling theory in the future.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Awareness; Bicycling; Electricity; Female; Humans; Male; Motorcycles; Probability; Risk-Taking; Safety; Young Adult
PubMed: 31261838
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132308 -
La Revue Du Praticien Feb 2024HAND ACCIDENT PREVENTION. Advances in surgical techniques and a better organization with SOS mains structures have improved the management of hand injuries. However,...
HAND ACCIDENT PREVENTION. Advances in surgical techniques and a better organization with SOS mains structures have improved the management of hand injuries. However, there are still too many accidents, which can lead to functional and aesthetic after-effects, as well as their socio-professional consequences. The prevention of hand injuries is therefore mandatory. It is organized with three levels: primary prevention, that aims to prevent the occurrence of the accident itself; secondary prevention, to guide and provide the best emergency care for the patient; and tertiary prevention, to avoid deprofessionalization and provide support for any physical and psychological after-effects.
Topics: Humans; Accident Prevention; Hand Injuries; Accidents
PubMed: 38415413
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2021This study used methodologies of descriptive and quantitative statistics to identify the contributing factors most affecting occupational accident outcomes among...
This study used methodologies of descriptive and quantitative statistics to identify the contributing factors most affecting occupational accident outcomes among electrical contracting enterprises, given an accident occurred. Accident reports were collected from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's fatality and catastrophe database. To ensure the reliability of the data, the team manually codified more than 600 incidents through a comprehensive content analysis using injury-classification standards. Inclusive of both fatal and non-fatal injuries, the results showed that most accidents happened in , , and (i.e., $50,000 or less). The main source of injuries manifested in (46%), followed by (19%), and (16%). The most frequent types of injuries were (31%), (27%), and (14%); the main injured body parts were (25%), (23%), and (18%). Among non-fatal cases, (37%), (36%), and (19%) caused most injuries; among fatal cases, was the leading cause of death (50%), followed by (28%) and (19%). The analysis also investigated the impact of several accident factors on the degree of injuries and found significant effects from such factors such as , , , , , and . In other words, the statistical probability of a fatal accident-given an accident occurrence-changes significantly based on the degree of these factors. The results of this study, as depicted in the proposed decision tree model, revealed that the most important factor for predicting the nature of injury (electrical or non-electrical) is: whether the source of injury is ; followed by whether the source of injury is . In other words, in predicting (with a 94.31% accuracy) the nature of injury as electrical or non-electrical, whether the source of injury is and whether the source of injury is are very important. Seven decision rules were derived from the proposed decision tree model. Beyond these outcomes, the described methodology contributes to the accident-analysis body of knowledge by providing a framework for codifying data from accident reports to facilitate future analysis and modeling attempts to subsequently mitigate more injuries in other fields.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Accidents, Occupational; Electricity; Occupational Health; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 34066030
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105126 -
Ulusal Travma Ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi =... Aug 2022Traffic accidents are among the most common causes of death. A small proportion of drownings are associated with traffic accidents. The roads in the Eastern Black Sea...
BACKGROUND
Traffic accidents are among the most common causes of death. A small proportion of drownings are associated with traffic accidents. The roads in the Eastern Black Sea Region, where the study was conducted are fairly close to the seas, rivers, and ponds. This study aims to evaluate the cases who underwent autopsies after the traffic accident between 2009 and 2016 and who were found to have died as a result of drowning.
METHODS
A retrospective examination was made of the autopsy reports in the period 2009-2016.
RESULTS
As a result of the examination of forensic reports, from a total of 7124 autopsies performed in our center between 2009 and 2016, 41 (0.57%) were seen to be due to death in a traffic accident that resulted in drowning. Of the vehicles involved in the ac-cidents, 30 (73.2%) were retrieved from a river/stream, 7 (17.1%) from a lake, and 4 (9.7%) from the sea. In all 39 cases, the primary cause of death was determined as asphyxia related to drowning. Other reasons affecting death were traumatic intracranial bleeding in 7 (17.1%) cases, medulla spinalis injury in 4 (9.7%), and pulmonary injury in 2 (4.9%).
CONCLUSION
It was determined in the study that the typical autopsy results of trauma and drowning after a traffic accident could coexist. Drowning alone could be the cause of death, even though there was a traumatic origin such as a traffic accident in such cases. It was revealed that chemical and microscopic examinations should be handled together with crime scene results and eyewitness statements in addition to traumatic results during the examination phase.
Topics: Accidents; Accidents, Traffic; Automobiles; Cause of Death; Drowning; Humans; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35920420
DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2021.35915