-
Bulletin of the World Health... Mar 2015To examine the extent to which effective interventions to prevent unintentional child injury are reflected in the laws and regulations of China. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To examine the extent to which effective interventions to prevent unintentional child injury are reflected in the laws and regulations of China.
METHODS
We focused on the six common causes of fatal child injuries - drowning, road traffic injury, falls, poisoning, burns and suffocation. We investigated 27 interventions recommended by the United Nations Children's Fund, the World Health Organization or the European Child Safety Alliance. We searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Lawyee for Chinese legislations using keywords and synonyms for the 27 interventions. We reviewed the identified legislations for statements specifying the responsible implementation department.
FINDINGS
Seven national laws, nine regulations of the State Council and 46 departmental regulations were found to relate to at least one of the interventions. Although seven of the 27 internationally recommended interventions were covered by Chinese laws, 10 were not covered by any current Chinese law or regulation. None of the interventions against drowning and falls that we investigated was covered by national laws. The implementation responsibilities for effective interventions were either not specified or were assigned to multiple governmental departments in 11 or 20 legislative documents, respectively.
CONCLUSION
In Chinese laws and regulations, interventions proven to prevent major causes of unintentional child injuries are underrepresented and the associated implementation responsibilities are often poorly defined. China should include all such interventions in laws and regulations, and assign implementation responsibility for each to a single department of the national government.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidental Falls; Accidents; Accidents, Traffic; Adolescent; Adult; Burns; Child; Child Welfare; Child, Preschool; China; Drowning; Female; Head Protective Devices; Humans; Infant; Male; Wounds and Injuries; Young Adult
PubMed: 25838612
DOI: 10.2471/BLT.14.139998 -
Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance Aug 2015This paper examines the reliability of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) as tool for coding human error and contributing factors associated... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
This paper examines the reliability of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) as tool for coding human error and contributing factors associated with accidents and incidents.
METHODS
A systematic review of articles published across a 13-yr period between 2001 and 2014 revealed a total of 14 peer-reviewed manuscripts that reported data concerning the reliability of HFACS.
RESULTS
Results revealed that the majority of these papers reported acceptable levels of interrater and intrarater reliability.
CONCLUSION
Reliability levels were higher with increased training and sample sizes. Likewise, when deviations from the original framework were minimized, reliability levels increased. Future applications of the framework should consider these factors to ensure the reliability and utility of HFACS as an accident analysis and classification tool.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents; Causality; Decision Making; Ergonomics; Humans; Perceptual Disorders; Reproducibility of Results; Risk-Taking; Safety Management
PubMed: 26387897
DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.4218.2015 -
Injury Prevention : Journal of the... Oct 2020
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents, Home; Humans; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 32958565
DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043979 -
International Journal of Occupational... Sep 2019. Accident analysis is the main aspect of accident investigation. It includes the method of connecting different causes in a procedural way. Therefore, it is important...
. Accident analysis is the main aspect of accident investigation. It includes the method of connecting different causes in a procedural way. Therefore, it is important to use valid and reliable methods for the investigation of different causal factors of accidents, especially the noteworthy ones. . This study aimed to prominently assess the accuracy (sensitivity index []) and consistency of the six most commonly used accident analysis methods in the petroleum industry. . In order to evaluate the methods of accident analysis, two real case studies (process safety and personal accident) from the petroleum industry were analyzed by 10 assessors. The accuracy and consistency of these methods were then evaluated. The assessors were trained in the workshop of accident analysis methods. . The systematic cause analysis technique and bowtie methods gained the greatest scores for both personal and process safety accidents, respectively. The best average results of the consistency in a single method (based on 10 independent assessors) were in the region of 70%. . This study confirmed that the application of methods with pre-defined causes and a logic tree could enhance the sensitivity and consistency of accident analysis.
Topics: Accidents, Occupational; Humans; Models, Statistical; Observer Variation; Oil and Gas Industry; Reproducibility of Results; Safety
PubMed: 28980875
DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2017.1387400 -
International Journal of Occupational... Mar 2023The aim of this study was to determine the root causes of accidents and the responsibility rates of the parties involved in those accidents. For this purpose, 20...
The aim of this study was to determine the root causes of accidents and the responsibility rates of the parties involved in those accidents. For this purpose, 20 important accidents of an automotive company were selected and the root causes, the parties involved in the accidents and the respective responsibility rates were determined by 10 experts based on dividing into 11 Tripod Beta basic risk factors and using occupational accident tree analysis (OATA) and occupational accident component analysis (OACA) techniques. The results revealed that among the defects in the management system, the organizational system's defects had the greatest impact on the occurrence of occupational accidents. By modifying about half of the basic risk factors, 80% of occupational accidents can be controlled. Also, by focusing on monitoring and design units, the company's accidents can be reduced by up to 50%.
Topics: Humans; Accidents, Occupational; Risk Factors; Accidents
PubMed: 34970941
DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.2024708 -
Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance Aug 2021Aerobatic flight operations involve a higher level of risk than standard flight operations. Aerobatics imposes considerable stresses on both the aircraft and the pilot....
Aerobatic flight operations involve a higher level of risk than standard flight operations. Aerobatics imposes considerable stresses on both the aircraft and the pilot. The purpose of this study was to analyze civilian aerobatic aircraft accidents in Australia, with particular emphasis on the underlying accident causes and survival outcomes. The accident and incident database of the Australian Transport Safety Bureau was searched for all events involving aerobatic flight for the period 19802010. A total of 51 accidents involving aircraft undertaking aerobatic operations were identified, with 71 aircraft occupants. Of the accidents, 27 (52.9) were fatal, resulting in a total of 36 fatalities. There were 24 nonfatal accidents. In terms of injury outcomes, there were 4 serious and 9 minor injuries, and 22 accidents in which no injuries were recorded. Fatal accidents were mainly due to loss of control by the pilot (44.4), in-flight structural failure of the airframe (25.9), and terrain impact (25.9). G-LOC was considered a possible cause in 11.1 of fatal accidents. Nonfatal accidents were mainly due to powerplant failure (41.7) and noncatastrophic airframe damage (25). Accidents involving aerobatic maneuvering have a significantly increased risk of a fatal outcome (odds ratio 26). The results of this study highlight the risks involved in aerobatic flight. Exceeding the operational limits of the maneuver and the design limits of the aircraft are major factors contributing to a fatal aerobatic aircraft accident. Improved awareness of G physiology and better operational decision-making while undertaking aerobatic flight may help prevent further accidents.
Topics: Accidents; Accidents, Aviation; Aircraft; Australia; Humans; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34503614
DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.5810.2021 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2020The chemical industry has made great contributions to the national economy, but frequent chemical plant explosion accidents (CPEAs) have also caused heavy property...
The chemical industry has made great contributions to the national economy, but frequent chemical plant explosion accidents (CPEAs) have also caused heavy property losses and casualties, as the CPEA is the result of interaction of many related risk factors, leading to uncertainty in the evolution of the accident. To systematically excavate and analyze the underlying causes of accidents, this paper first integrates emergency elements in the frame of orbit intersection theory and proposes 14 nodes to represent the evolution path of the accident. Then, combined with historical data and expert experience, a Bayesian network (BN) model of CPEAs was established. Through scenario analysis and sensitivity analysis, the interaction between factors and the impact of the factors on accident consequences was evaluated. It is found that the direct factors have the most obvious influence on the accident consequences, and the unsafe conditions contribute more than the unsafe behaviors. Furthermore, considering the factor chain, the management factors, especially safety education and training, are the key link of the accident that affects unsafe behaviors and unsafe conditions. Moreover, effective government emergency response has played a more prominent role in controlling environmental pollution. In addition, the complex network relationship between elements is presented in a sensitivity index matrix, and we extracted three important risk transmission paths from it. The research provides support for enterprises to formulate comprehensive safety production management strategies and control key factors in the risk transmission path to reduce CPEA risks.
Topics: Accidents; Accidents, Occupational; Bayes Theorem; Chemical Industry; Explosions; Hazardous Substances; Humans; Risk Assessment; Safety Management
PubMed: 32722457
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155364 -
Accident; Analysis and Prevention Jun 2015Analysis of the causes underlying runway incursions is fundamental for the development of effective mitigation measures. However, there are significant weaknesses in the...
Analysis of the causes underlying runway incursions is fundamental for the development of effective mitigation measures. However, there are significant weaknesses in the current methods to model these factors. This paper proposes a structured framework for modelling causal factors and their relationship to severity, which includes a description of the airport surface system architecture, establishment of terminological definitions, the determination and collection of appropriate data, the analysis of occurrences for severity and causes, and the execution of a statistical analysis framework. It is implemented in the context of U.S. airports, enabling the identification of a number of priority interventions, including the need for better investigation and causal factor capture, recommendations for airfield design, operating scenarios and technologies, and better training for human operators in the system. The framework is recommended for the analysis of runway incursions to support safety improvements and the methodology is transferable to other areas of aviation safety risk analysis.
Topics: Accidents, Aviation; Airports; Architecture; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Risk Assessment; Safety; United States
PubMed: 25819211
DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.03.016 -
Jornal de Pediatria 2018To review the literature on interventions planned to prevent the incidence of injuries in childhood. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the literature on interventions planned to prevent the incidence of injuries in childhood.
SOURCE OF DATA
The PubMed, Web of Science, and Bireme databases were searched by two independent reviewers, employing the single terms accidents, accident, injuries, injury, clinical trial, intervention, educational intervention, and multiple interventions, and their combinations, present in the article title or abstract, with no limits except period of publication (2006-2016) and studies in human subjects.
SYNTHESIS OF DATA
Initially, 11,097 titles were located. Fifteen articles were selected for the review. Eleven were randomized trials (four carried out at the children's households, five in pediatric healthcare services, and two at schools), and four were non-randomized trials carried out at the children's households. Four of the randomized trials were analyzed by intention-to-treat and a protective effect of the intervention was observed: decrease in the number of risk factors, decrease in the number of medical consultations due to injuries, decrease in the prevalence of risk behaviors, and increase of the parents' knowledge regarding injury prevention in childhood.
CONCLUSION
Traumatic injuries in childhood are amenable to primary prevention through strategies that consider the child's age and level of development, as well as structural aspects of the environment.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents, Home; Child; Humans; Primary Prevention; Protective Devices; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 29291398
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.10.010 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2021Due to the fact of activity, environment and work dynamics, the construction industry is characterised by high accident rates. Different initiatives have emerged to... (Review)
Review
Due to the fact of activity, environment and work dynamics, the construction industry is characterised by high accident rates. Different initiatives have emerged to reduce these figures, which focus on using new methodologies and technologies for safety management. Therefore, it is essential to know the key factors and their influence on safety in construction projects (fSCPs) to focus efforts on these elements. Through a systematic literature review, based on PRISMA methodology, this article identifies, describes and categorises 100 factors that affect construction safety. It thus contributes by providing a comprehensive general framework, unifying previous studies focused on specific geographic areas or case studies with factors not considered or insufficiently disaggregated, along with an absence of classifications focused on understanding where and how factors affect the different dimensions of construction projects. The 100 factors identified are described and categorised according to the dimensions and aspects of the project in which these have an impact, along with identifying whether they are shaping or immediate factors or originating influences for the generation of accidents. These factors, their description and classification are a key contribution to improving the systematic creation of safety and generating training and awareness materials to fully develop a safety culture in organisations.
Topics: Accidents, Occupational; Construction Industry; Occupational Health; Safety Management
PubMed: 34682629
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010884