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Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Jul 2018Drowning is a common and often preventable cause of death, especially in children. The mass media often propagate misinformation about "dry" and "secondary" drowning,... (Review)
Review
Drowning is a common and often preventable cause of death, especially in children. The mass media often propagate misinformation about "dry" and "secondary" drowning, diverting attention from appropriate efforts to prevent drowning and rescue and treat those who do drown.
Topics: Adolescent; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Child; Child, Preschool; Drowning; Humans; Infant; Public Health
PubMed: 30004377
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.85a.17070 -
Omega May 2017This study presents the findings from in-depth interviews with 24 people from 15 families in Norway who lost their young son or daughter in a traffic accident. Their...
This study presents the findings from in-depth interviews with 24 people from 15 families in Norway who lost their young son or daughter in a traffic accident. Their grief has several dimensions: the loss of a young life, the loss of life quality, the effect on family events and their meaning, and the new responsibilities brought onto family members. For each young fatality, many relatives and friends are affected with a wide range of emotional and socioeconomic consequences. Parents report that grief is more overwhelming during the first few years and never disappears, while over the years they slowly learn to cope with it. Here we especially highlight the role of traffic authorities and what professional actors can do to meet the bereaved with empathy and minimize negative effects.
Topics: Accidents; Adult; Child; Death, Sudden; Family; Female; Grief; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Norway; Parents; Stress, Psychological; Young Adult
PubMed: 28395640
DOI: 10.1177/0030222817698992 -
Pediatric Annals Mar 2018Drowning contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population but it is largely preventable through judicious use of safety measures. To... (Review)
Review
Drowning contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population but it is largely preventable through judicious use of safety measures. To affect outcomes surrounding drowning, pediatricians need to understand the most updated terminology, the basic resuscitation protocols, and the assessment and management of a drowning victim. Most importantly, pediatricians must appreciate the importance of properly counseling patients and families about drowning prevention. Effective preventive measures supported by the literature include constant and reliable adult supervision, swim instruction for most children older than age 4 years, pool isolation fencing, and the proper use of personal floatation devices. [Pediatr Ann. 2018;47(3):e112-e117.].
Topics: Accident Prevention; Child; Directive Counseling; Drowning; Humans; Pediatrics; Physician's Role; Resuscitation; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29538784
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20180220-02 -
Italian Journal of Pediatrics Jun 2023Drowning is the third leading cause of injury death in the pediatric population worldwide, with incidence peaking among those aged 1-4 years and again in adolescence.The... (Review)
Review
Drowning is the third leading cause of injury death in the pediatric population worldwide, with incidence peaking among those aged 1-4 years and again in adolescence.The purpose of this commentary is to review the basic pathophysiology of drowninginjury and factors that affect the outcome, such as submersion and hypothermia. We also discuss principles of prehospital and in-hospital management, comprising resuscitation and stabilization, administration of oxygen and intravenous liquids, and central reheating.Even though the mortality rate has decreased in recent years, further investments and safety measures are needed to prevent child drowning deaths.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Child; Drowning; Resuscitation; Oxygen
PubMed: 37316902
DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01464-1 -
American Family Physician Apr 2016Nearly 4,000 drowning deaths occur annually in the United States, with drowning representing the most common injury-related cause of death in children one to four years... (Review)
Review
Nearly 4,000 drowning deaths occur annually in the United States, with drowning representing the most common injury-related cause of death in children one to four years of age. Drowning is a process that runs the spectrum from brief entry of liquid into the airways with subsequent clearance and only minor temporary injury, to the prolonged presence of fluid in the lungs leading to lung dysfunction, hypoxia, neurologic and cardiac abnormalities, and death. The World Health Organization has defined drowning as "the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid." Terms such as near, wet, dry, passive, active, secondary, and silent drowning should no longer be used because they are confusing and hinder proper categorization and management. The American Heart Association's Revised Utstein Drowning Form and treatment guidelines are important in guiding care, disposition, and prognosis. Prompt resuscitation at the scene after a shorter duration of submersion is associated with better outcomes. Because cardiac arrhythmias due to drowning are almost exclusively caused by hypoxia, the resuscitation order prioritizes airway and breathing before compressions. Prevention remains the best treatment. Education, swimming and water safety lessons, and proper pool fencing are the interventions with the highest level of current evidence, especially in children two to four years of age. Alcohol use during water activities dramatically increases the risk of drowning; therefore, abstinence is recommended for all participants and supervisors.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Child; Drowning; Humans; Risk; Swimming; United States
PubMed: 27035042
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatrics Aug 2021Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related death in children. In 2018, almost 900 US children younger than 20 years died of drowning. A number of strategies are...
Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related death in children. In 2018, almost 900 US children younger than 20 years died of drowning. A number of strategies are available to prevent these tragedies. As educators and advocates, pediatricians can play an important role in prevention of drowning.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Drowning; Humans; Infant
PubMed: 34253571
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-052227 -
Injury Prevention : Journal of the... Apr 2022Drowning and climate change are both significant global health threats, yet little research links climate change to drowning risk. Research into the epidemiology, risk... (Review)
Review
Drowning and climate change are both significant global health threats, yet little research links climate change to drowning risk. Research into the epidemiology, risk factors and preventive strategies for unintentional drowning in high-income and in low-income and middle-income countries has expanded understanding, but understanding of disaster and extreme weather-related drowning needs research focus. As nation states and researchers call for action on climate change, its impact on drowning has been largely ignored. This state-of-the-art review considers existing literature on climate change as a contributor to changes in drowning risks globally. Using selected climate change-related risks identified by the World Meteorological Organization and key risks to the Sustainable Development Goals as a framework, we consider the drowning risks associated with heat waves, hydrometeorological hazards, drought and water scarcity, damaged infrastructure, marine ecosystem collapse, displacement, and rising poverty and inequality. Although the degree of atmospheric warming remains uncertain, the impact of climate change on drowning risk is already taking place and can no longer be ignored. Greater evidence characterising the links between drowning and climate change across both high-income and low-income and middle-income contexts is required, and the implementation and evaluation of drowning interventions must reflect climate change risks at a local level, accounting for both geographical variation and the consequences of inequality. Furthermore, collaboration between the injury prevention, disaster risk reduction and climate change mitigation sectors is crucial to both prevent climate change from stalling progress on preventing drowning and further advocate for climate change mitigation as a drowning risk reduction mechanism.
Topics: Climate Change; Disasters; Drowning; Ecosystem; Humans; Sustainable Development
PubMed: 35197275
DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044486 -
European Respiratory Review : An... Sep 2016Aquatic sports are included in the top list of risky practices as the environment per se carries a possibility of death by drowning if not rescued in time. Not only are... (Review)
Review
Aquatic sports are included in the top list of risky practices as the environment per se carries a possibility of death by drowning if not rescued in time. Not only are aquatic sports related to a high risk of death, but also all sports practiced on the water, over the water and on ice. Whatever the reason a person is in the water, drowning carries a higher possibility of death if the individual is unable to cope with the water situation, which may simply be caused by an inability to stay afloat and get out of the water or by an injury or disease that may lead to physical inability or unconsciousness. The competitive nature of sports is a common pathway that leads the sports person to exceed their ability to cope with the environment or simply misjudge their physical capability. Drowning involves some principles and medical interventions that are rarely found in other medical situations as it occurs in a deceptively hostile environment that may not seem dangerous. Therefore, it is essential that health professionals are aware of the complete sequence of action in drowning. This article focuses on the pulmonary injury in sports and recreational activities where drowning plays the major role.
Topics: Algorithms; Athletic Injuries; Critical Pathways; Drowning; Humans; Lung; Lung Injury; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sports
PubMed: 27581833
DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0038-2016 -
Lancet (London, England) May 2017
Topics: Drowning; Humans
PubMed: 28513436
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31269-2 -
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi Feb 2022Drowning is the death caused by asphyxiation due to fluid blocking the airway. In the practice of forensic medicine, it is the key to determine whether the corpse was... (Review)
Review
Drowning is the death caused by asphyxiation due to fluid blocking the airway. In the practice of forensic medicine, it is the key to determine whether the corpse was drowned or entered the water after death. At the same time, the drowning site inference and postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) play an important role in the investigating the identity of the deceased, narrowing the investigation scope, and solving the case. Based on diatoms testing, molecular biology, imaging and artificial intelligence and other technologies, domestic and foreign forensic scientists have done relative research in the identification of the cause of death, drowning site inference and PMSI, and achieved certain results in forensic medicine application. In order to provide a reference for future study of bodies in the water, this paper summarizes the above research contents.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Diatoms; Drowning; Forensic Pathology; Humans; Lung; Water
PubMed: 35725698
DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.410625