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Biotechnology Letters Oct 2018Acetic acid bacteria are versatile organisms converting a number of carbon sources into biomolecules of industrial interest. Such properties, together with the need to... (Review)
Review
Acetic acid bacteria are versatile organisms converting a number of carbon sources into biomolecules of industrial interest. Such properties, together with the need to limit chemical syntheses in favor of more sustainable biological processes, make acetic acid bacteria appropriate organisms for food, chemical, medical, pharmaceutical and engineering applications. At current, well-established bioprocesses by acetic acid bacteria are those derived from the oxidative pathways that lead to organic acids, ketones and sugar derivates. Whereas emerging applications include biopolymers, such as bacterial cellulose and fructans, which are getting an increasing interest for the biotechnological industry. However, considering the industrial demand of high performing bioprocesses, the production yield of metabolites obtained by acetic acid bacteria, is still not satisfying. In this paper we review the major acetic acid bacteria industrial applications, considering the current status of bioprocesses. We will also describe new biotechnological advances in order to optimize the industrial production, offering also an overview on future directions.
Topics: Acetobacteraceae; Biotechnology; Fermentation; Industrial Microbiology; Metabolic Engineering; Oxidation-Reduction; Polysaccharides, Bacterial
PubMed: 29987707
DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2591-7 -
Archives of Microbiology Dec 2021Strain SYSU D01096 was isolated from a sandy soil sample collected from Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis of the nearly full-length 16S...
Strain SYSU D01096 was isolated from a sandy soil sample collected from Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis of the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain SYSU D01096 belonged to the family Acetobacteraceae and was closest to Rubritepida flocculans DSM 14296 (96.0% similarity). Cells of strain SYSU D01096 were observed to be non-motile, short rod-shaped and Gram-staining negative. The colonies were observed to be translucent, reddish orange, circular, convex and smooth. Growth occurred at 15-37 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 0-0.5% NaCl (w/v; optimum, 0%) on Reasoner's 2A medium. The predominant ubiquinone was identified as ubiquinone 9 and the major fatty acids were Summed Feature 8 (C ω7c and/or C ω6c) and C. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unidentified phospholipid (PL), three unidentified aminolipids (AL1-3) and one unidentified aminophospholipid (APL). The genomic DNA G + C content was 69.1%. Phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated strain SYSU D01096 represented an individual lineage in the family Acetobacteraceae, which was supported by 30 core gene-based phylogenomic tree. Based on the multi-analysis including physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic comparison, strain SYSU D01096 was proposed to represent a novel species of a novel genus, named Sabulicella rubraurantiaca gen. nov., sp. nov., within the family Acetobacteraceae. The type strain is SYSU D01096 (= CGMCC 1.8619 = KCTC 82268 = MCCC 1K04998).
Topics: Acetobacteraceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil
PubMed: 34870748
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02604-z -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2022Biorefineries are attracting attention as an alternative to the petroleum industry to reduce carbon emissions and achieve sustainable development. In particular, because...
Biorefineries are attracting attention as an alternative to the petroleum industry to reduce carbon emissions and achieve sustainable development. In particular, because forests play an important role in potentially reducing greenhouse gas emissions to net zero, alternatives to cellulose produced by plants are required. Bacterial cellulose (BC) can prevent deforestation and has a high potential for use as a biomaterial in various industries such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. This study aimed to improve BC production from lignocellulose, a sustainable feedstock, and to optimize the culture conditions for using hydrolysates as a medium. The productivity of BC was improved using statistical optimization of the major culture parameters which were as follows: temperature, 29 °C; initial pH, 5.1; and sodium alginate concentration, 0.09% (/). The predicted and actual values of BC production in the optimal conditions were 14.07 g/L and 14.88 g/L, respectively, confirming that our prediction model was statistically significant. Additionally, BC production using hydrolysates was 1.12-fold higher than in the control group (commercial glucose). Our result indicate that lignocellulose can be used in the BC production processes in the near future.
Topics: Carbon; Cellulose; Culture Media; Gluconacetobacter xylinus; Glucose
PubMed: 35055692
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020866 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Feb 2021As part of a study investigating the microbiome of bee hives and honey, two novel strains (TMW 2.1880 and TMW 2.1889) of acetic acid bacteria were isolated and...
As part of a study investigating the microbiome of bee hives and honey, two novel strains (TMW 2.1880 and TMW 2.1889) of acetic acid bacteria were isolated and subsequently taxonomically characterized by a polyphasic approach, which revealed that they cannot be assigned to known species. The isolates are Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, pellicle-forming, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Cells of TMW 2.1880 are non-motile, thin/short rods, and cells of TMW 2.1889 are motile and occur as rods and long filaments. Morphological, physiological and phylogenetic analyses revealed a distinct lineage within the genus . Strain TMW 2.1880 is most closely related to the type strain of with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.5 %, and ANIb and DDH values of 94.16 and 56.3 %, respectively. The genome of TMW 2.1880 has a size of 1.98 Mb and a G+C content of 55.3 mol%. Strain TMW 2.1889 is most closely related to the type strain of with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.5 %, and ANIb and DDH values of 85.12 and 29.5 %, respectively. The genome of TMW 2.1889 has a size of 2.07 Mb and a G+C content of 60.4 mol%. Ubiquinone analysis revealed that both strains contained Q-10 as the main respiratory quinone. Major fatty acids for both strains were C, C cyclo 8 and summed feature 8, respectively, and additionally C 2-OH only for TMW 2.1880 and C only for TMW 2.1889. Based on polyphasic evidence, the two isolates from honeycombs of represent two novel species of the genus , for which the names sp. nov and sp. nov. are proposed. The designated respective type strains are TMW 2.1880 (=LMG 31882=CECT 30114) and TMW 2.1889 (=LMG 31883=CECT 30113).
Topics: Acetobacteraceae; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Bees; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Germany; Honey; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Ubiquinone
PubMed: 33439113
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004633 -
Archives of Microbiology Dec 2021Bacterial lipids are well-preserved in ancient rocks and certain ones have been used as indicators of specific bacterial metabolisms or environmental conditions existing...
Bacterial lipids are well-preserved in ancient rocks and certain ones have been used as indicators of specific bacterial metabolisms or environmental conditions existing at the time of rock deposition. Here we show that an anaerobic bacterium produces 3-methylhopanoids, pentacyclic lipids previously detected only in aerobic bacteria and widely used as biomarkers for methane-oxidizing bacteria. Both Rhodopila globiformis, a phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacterium isolated from an acidic warm spring in Yellowstone, and a newly isolated Rhodopila species from a geochemically similar spring in Lassen Volcanic National Park (USA), synthesized 3-methylhopanoids and a suite of related hopanoids and contained the genes encoding the necessary biosynthetic enzymes. Our results show that 3-methylhopanoids can be produced under anoxic conditions and challenges the use of 3-methylhopanoids as biomarkers of oxic conditions in ancient rocks and as prima facie evidence that methanotrophic bacteria were active when the rocks were deposited.
Topics: Acetobacteraceae; Anaerobiosis; Base Composition; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 34528111
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02561-7 -
International Journal of Biological... Nov 2020This study focused on the investigation of bacterial cellulose production potency of some fruit and vegetable peels (cucumber, melon, kiwifruit, tomato, apple, quince...
This study focused on the investigation of bacterial cellulose production potency of some fruit and vegetable peels (cucumber, melon, kiwifruit, tomato, apple, quince and pomegranate) with Komagataeibacter hansenii GA2016. Fruit and vegetable peels were hydrolyzed, used for bacterial cellulose (BC) production and their chemical, physical, thermal and structural features were compared to BC from Hestrin-Schramm medium (HSBC) and plant cellulose (CP). Except for pomegranate peel hydrolysate, all the fruit and vegetable peel hydrolysates supplied to K. hansenii GA2016 supported the BC production. Among the fruit and vegetable peel hydrolysates, the highest BC production was observed in kiwifruit peel hydrolysate (11.53%), while the lowest production was observed in apple peel hydrolysate (1.54%). Water-holding capacities of the BCs were ranged from 627.50% to 928.79% and higher than HSBC (609.30%), average fiber diameters were ranged from 47.64 nm to 61.11 nm and thinner than HSBC (74.29) and CP (10,420 nm), crystallinities were ranged from 80.27% to 92.96%, thermal capacities BCs were higher than HSBC and CP. For the BC productions, utilization of the fruit and vegetable peels as the sole nutrient source could reduce the production costs and among the polysaccharides, increase the use of BC in industry.
Topics: Acetobacteraceae; Cellulose; Culture Media; Fermentation; Fruit; Vegetables
PubMed: 32777420
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.049 -
MSphere Aug 2021(formerly TM7) have reduced genomes and a small cell size and appear to have a parasitic lifestyle dependent on a bacterial host. Although there are at least 6 major...
(formerly TM7) have reduced genomes and a small cell size and appear to have a parasitic lifestyle dependent on a bacterial host. Although there are at least 6 major clades of inhabiting the human oral cavity, complete genomes of oral were previously limited to the G1 clade. In this study, nanopore sequencing was used to obtain three complete genome sequences from clade G6. Phylogenetic analysis suggested the presence of at least 3 to 5 distinct species within G6, with two discrete taxa represented by the 3 complete genomes. G6 were highly divergent from the more-well-studied clade G1 and had the smallest genomes and lowest GC content of all . Pangenome analysis showed that although 97% of shared pan- core genes and 89% of G1-specific core genes had putative functions, only 50% of the 244 G6-specific core genes had putative functions, highlighting the novelty of this group. Compared to G1, G6 harbored divergent metabolic pathways. G6 genomes lacked an FF ATPase, the pentose phosphate pathway, and several genes involved in nucleotide metabolism, which were all core genes for G1. G6 genomes were also unique compared to that of G1 in that they encoded d-lactate dehydrogenase, adenylate cyclase, limited glycerolipid metabolism, a homolog to a lipoarabinomannan biosynthesis enzyme, and the means to degrade starch. These differences at key metabolic steps suggest a distinct lifestyle and ecological niche for clade G6, possibly with alternative hosts and/or host dependencies, which would have significant ecological, evolutionary, and likely pathogenic implications. are ultrasmall parasitic bacteria that are common members of the oral microbiota and have been increasingly linked to disease and inflammation. However, the lifestyle and impact on human health of remain poorly understood, especially for the clades with no complete genomes (G2 to G6) or cultured isolates (G2 and G4 to G6). Obtaining complete genomes is of particular importance for , because they lack many of the "essential" core genes used for determining draft genome completeness, and few references exist outside clade G1. In this study, complete genomes of 3 G6 strains, representing two candidate species, were obtained and analyzed. The G6 genomes were highly divergent from that of G1 and enigmatic, with 50% of the G6 core genes having no putative functions. The significant difference in encoded functional pathways is suggestive of a distinct lifestyle and ecological niche, probably with alternative hosts and/or host dependencies, which would have major implications in ecology, evolution, and pathogenesis.
Topics: Acetobacteraceae; Genome, Bacterial; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Microbiota; Mouth; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 34378983
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00530-21 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Feb 2021Biotech nanocellulose (bacterial nanocellulose, BNC) is a high potential natural polymer. Moreover, it is the only cellulose type that can be produced biotechnologically... (Review)
Review
Biotech nanocellulose (bacterial nanocellulose, BNC) is a high potential natural polymer. Moreover, it is the only cellulose type that can be produced biotechnologically using microorganisms resulting in hydrogels with high purity, high mechanical strength and an interconnecting micropore system. Recently, the subject of intensive research is to influence this biosynthesis to create function-determining properties. This review reports on the progress in product design and today's state of technical and medical applications. A novel, dynamic, template-based technology, called Mobile Matrix Reservoir Technology (MMR Tech), is highlighted. Thereby, shape, dimensions, surface properties, and nanonetwork structures can be designed in a process-controlled manner. The formed multilayer materials open up new applications in medicine and technology. Especially medical materials for cardiovascular and visceral surgery, and drug delivery systems are developed. The effective production of layer-structured composites and coatings are important for potential applications in the electronics, paper, food and packaging technologies.
Topics: Acetobacteraceae; Biosensing Techniques; Biotechnology; Cellulose; Drug Delivery Systems; Food Packaging; Gluconacetobacter xylinus; Hydrogels; Nanocomposites; Prostheses and Implants; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 33357876
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117313 -
Microbiology Spectrum Oct 2021Insecticide resistance among mosquito species is now a pervasive phenomenon that threatens to jeopardize global malaria vector control efforts. Evidence of links between...
Insecticide resistance among mosquito species is now a pervasive phenomenon that threatens to jeopardize global malaria vector control efforts. Evidence of links between the mosquito microbiota and insecticide resistance is emerging, with significant enrichment of insecticide degrading bacteria and enzymes in resistant populations. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we characterized and compared the microbiota of Anopheles coluzzii in relation to their deltamethrin resistance and exposure profiles. Comparisons between 2- and 3-day-old deltamethrin-resistant and -susceptible mosquitoes demonstrated significant differences in microbiota diversity. , , and genera, each of which comprised insecticide-degrading species, were significantly enriched in resistant mosquitoes. Susceptible mosquitoes had a significant reduction in alpha diversity compared to resistant individuals, with and dominating microbial profiles. There was no significant difference in deltamethrin-exposed and -unexposed 5- to 6-day-old individuals, suggesting that insecticide exposure had minimal impact on microbial composition. and were also dominant in 5- to 6-day-old mosquitoes, which had reduced microbial diversity compared to 2- to 3-day-old mosquitoes. Our findings revealed significant alterations of Anopheles coluzzii microbiota associated with deltamethrin resistance, highlighting the potential for identification of novel microbial markers for insecticide resistance surveillance. qPCR detection of and was consistent with 16S rRNA sequencing, suggesting that population-level field screening of bacterial microbiota may be feasibly integrated into wider resistance monitoring, if reliable and reproducible markers associated with phenotype can be identified. Control of insecticide-resistant vector populations remains a significant challenge to global malaria control and while substantial progress has been made elucidating key target site mutations, overexpressed detoxification enzymes and alternate gene families, the contribution of the mosquito microbiota to phenotypic insecticide resistance has been largely overlooked. We focused on determining the effects of deltamethrin resistance intensity on Anopheles coluzzii microbiota and identifying any microbial taxa associated with phenotype. We demonstrated a significant reduction in microbial diversity between deltamethrin-resistant and -susceptible mosquitoes. Insecticide degrading bacterial species belonging to , , and genera were significantly enriched in resistant mosquitoes, while and dominated microbial profiles of susceptible individuals. Our results revealed significant alterations of Anopheles coluzzii microbiota associated with deltamethrin resistance, highlighting the potential for identification of novel microbial markers for surveillance and opportunities for designing innovative control techniques to prevent the further evolution and spread of insecticide resistance.
Topics: Acetobacteraceae; Animals; Anopheles; Cote d'Ivoire; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Malaria; Microbiota; Mosquito Vectors; Nitriles; Pyrethrins; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Serratia
PubMed: 34668745
DOI: 10.1128/Spectrum.00157-21 -
Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering Apr 2022The constituents of fermentation foods vary seasonally and the microbiota plays a crucial role in metabolites formation. Here, the diversity and succession of microbiota...
The constituents of fermentation foods vary seasonally and the microbiota plays a crucial role in metabolites formation. Here, the diversity and succession of microbiota of Shanxi mature vinegar produced with solid-solid fermentation craft have been investigated by Illumina Hiseq sequencing in both summer and winter. Obvious differences were observed in the structure of microbiota between summer and winter, and the bacterial community showed a significant difference (P < 0.05). Alpha diversity analysis showed that the diversity and richness of bacterial community were basically higher than that of fungal community in both summer and winter. For bacterial community, Lactobacillus and Limosilactobacillus were the two major group bacteria in the fermentation process of Shanxi mature vinegar in summer, and they dominated in acetic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation stages, respectively. Lactobacillus and Acetobacter were the two major group bacteria during the fermentation of Shanxi mature vinegar in winter. Saccharomyces, Saccharomycopsis, and Issatchenkia were the main yeasts in both seasons, while the dominant mould was Rhizopus in summer and Monascus in winter, respectively. The diversity of yeasts and moulds in winter was far greater than that in summer, especially in alcoholic fermentation stage. Collectively, our work revealed critical insights into effect of seasonal variation on the structure of microbiota of Shanxi mature vinegar, and was relevant in understanding the relationships between environmental change and microbiota.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Acetobacter; Fermentation; Microbiota; Seasons
PubMed: 35125299
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.01.003