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American Journal of Clinical Dermatology Jan 2021Our understanding of the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is still evolving. It is known that multiple factors impact acne pathophysiology, including genetic, hormonal,... (Review)
Review
Our understanding of the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is still evolving. It is known that multiple factors impact acne pathophysiology, including genetic, hormonal, inflammatory, and environmental influences. Because of its implications in many of these factors, diet has been a part of the acne discussion for decades. Several studies have evaluated the significance of the glycemic index of various foods and glycemic load in patients with acne, demonstrating individuals with acne who consume diets with a low glycemic load have reduced acne lesions compared with individuals on high glycemic load diets. Dairy has also been a focus of study regarding dietary influences on acne; whey proteins responsible for the insulinotropic effects of milk may contribute more to acne development than the actual fat or dairy content. Other studies have examined the effects of omega-3 fatty acid and γ-linoleic acid consumption in individuals with acne, showing individuals with acne benefit from diets consisting of fish and healthy oils, thereby increasing omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake. Recent research into the effects of probiotic administration in individuals with acne present promising results; further study of the effects of probiotics on acne is needed to support the findings of these early studies. In this review, we discuss the current evidence regarding the diets of US patients with acne and how they may impact acne and acne treatment.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Dairy Products; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Feeding Behavior; Glycemic Index; Humans; Linoleic Acid; Probiotics; United States
PubMed: 32748305
DOI: 10.1007/s40257-020-00542-y -
Dermatologic Therapy Sep 2022Acne affects approximately 9% of people worldwide and is the most common skin condition in the USA. There are abundant topical and oral treatment options available for... (Review)
Review
Acne affects approximately 9% of people worldwide and is the most common skin condition in the USA. There are abundant topical and oral treatment options available for patients with acne. First-line agents include topical retinoids, azelaic acid, benzoyl peroxide, and combinations of these agents. For recalcitrant or more severe acne, oral medications, including oral antibiotics, isotretinoin, or hormonal therapy, may be considered. This review will also discuss the many advances being made in the treatment of acne vulgaris, from the development of microencapsulated medications to targeted treatments.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Benzoyl Peroxide; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Isotretinoin
PubMed: 35841269
DOI: 10.1111/dth.15719 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2016Acne is a common inflammatory skin disease which affects the pilosebaceous units of the skin. It can have severe psychological effects and can leave the patient with... (Review)
Review
Acne is a common inflammatory skin disease which affects the pilosebaceous units of the skin. It can have severe psychological effects and can leave the patient with severe skin scarring. There are four well-recognized pathological factors responsible for acne which is also the target for acne therapy. In this review, different treatment options are discussed, including topical (i.e., retinoids, and antibiotics) and systemic (i.e., retinoids, antibiotics, and hormonal) treatments. Since the general public has been showing an increasing interest in more natural and generally safer treatment options, the use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) for treating acne was also discussed. The use of physical therapies such as comedone extraction, cryoslush therapy, cryotherapy, electrocauterization, intralesional corticosteroids and optical treatments are also mentioned. Acne has been extensively researched with regards to the disease mechanism as well as treatment options. However, due to the increasing resistance of Propionibacterium acnes towards the available antibiotics, there is a need for new treatment methods. Additionally, the lack of necessary evidence on the efficacy of CAM therapies makes it necessary for researchers to investigate these treatment options further.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27529209
DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081063 -
The Lancet. Child & Adolescent Health Feb 2023Acne vulgaris is one of the commonest inflammatory skin diseases seen worldwide, affecting all ethnicities and races, with a peak prevalence between age 15 years and 20... (Review)
Review
Acne vulgaris is one of the commonest inflammatory skin diseases seen worldwide, affecting all ethnicities and races, with a peak prevalence between age 15 years and 20 years. The burden of this condition, and the resulting clinical and psychological sequelae, is substantial. The visual appearance of acne and its sequelae, including scarring and pigment changes, frequently results in psychological and social morbidity because of concerns about appearance. As understanding of the pathophysiology has evolved, approaches to achieving the optimal outcomes with effective treatment regimens continue to emerge. In the past few years, several novel therapeutics have been developed, including new agents aimed at reducing antimicrobial resistance and products with specific actions targeting retinoid receptors and androgen receptors. This Review considers the management approaches of an adolescent with acne vulgaris and reviews treatment options from the evidence base and international expert opinion. Approaches to selecting current treatments and novel and emerging treatment regimens are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Acne Vulgaris; Treatment Outcome; Prevalence; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36525984
DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(22)00314-5 -
The Journal of Dermatological Treatment May 2021Acne vulgaris, a common and chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous unit, affects up to 85% of adolescent and young adults. While a lot is already known about acne and its... (Review)
Review
Acne vulgaris, a common and chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous unit, affects up to 85% of adolescent and young adults. While a lot is already known about acne and its treatment, still the gaps in our understanding of acne remains. This article will review the emerging evidence in the complex pathogenesis of acne and provide an overview of the potential future therapy in management of acne vulgaris.Key points targeted therapy has been the mainstay in the management of acne till now. Sebocyte activity is controlled via a range of cellular pathways and hormones in addition to androgens. This has opened an array of therapeutic options to be available for treating acne in the near future.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antioxidants; Biofilms; Cortodoxone; Diet; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 31393195
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1654075 -
Pediatrics May 2020Acne vulgaris is an extraordinarily common skin condition in adolescents. The mainstays of acne treatment have remained largely unchanged over recent years. In the... (Review)
Review
Acne vulgaris is an extraordinarily common skin condition in adolescents. The mainstays of acne treatment have remained largely unchanged over recent years. In the context of increasing antibiotic resistance worldwide, there is a global movement away from antibiotic monotherapy toward their more restrictive use. Classically reserved for nodulocystic acne, isotretinoin has become the drug of choice by dermatologists for moderate to severe acne. Given the virtually ubiquitous nature of acne in teenagers, there remains an appreciable need for novel therapies. In this article, we will cover the currently used acne treatments, evaluate the issues and data supporting their use, explore the issues of compliance and the mental health implications of acne care, and recommend directions for the field of acne management in adolescents in the years ahead.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Isotretinoin; Male; Mental Health; Patient Compliance; Pediatrics; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32358215
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-2056L -
Boletin Medico Del Hospital Infantil de... 2022Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit with multifactorial etiology. Abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes, altered sebum production,... (Review)
Review
Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit with multifactorial etiology. Abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes, altered sebum production, inflammation of the sebaceous follicle, and colonization by Cutibacterium acnes have been traditionally implicated. However, the diet has also been highlighted in the pathogenesis because of its direct relation with some biochemical markers and the transcription of specific genes associated with sebaceous gland activity, inflammation, and bacterial proliferation, which together promote the development of the disease, affect the severity of the condition, and modify its response to treatment.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Diet; Humans; Inflammation; Propionibacterium acnes; Sebum
PubMed: 35468121
DOI: 10.24875/BMHIM.21000088 -
Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics 2018Acne vulgaris (AV) is the familiar chronic skin ailment affecting most of the individuals. This multifarious, disease involves the bacterium gram-positive, anaerobic... (Review)
Review
Acne vulgaris (AV) is the familiar chronic skin ailment affecting most of the individuals. This multifarious, disease involves the bacterium gram-positive, anaerobic Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) which resides on skin microflora, and participated in acne inflammation and acne lesions. The object of this review is to discuss presently available in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models to evaluate the cosmetic formulations that are developed for dealing and prevention of acne formation. These various available models offer new chances for further research on biologically active materials, drugs & pharmaceutical as well as cosmetics for acne treatment.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Animals; Cell Line; Cosmeceuticals; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Development; Humans; Models, Biological
PubMed: 30674767
DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2018.01079 -
Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E... Oct 2020Pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) and acne (PAPA) syndrome is an autosomal dominant autoinflammatory syndrome due to mutations in proline-serine-threonine... (Review)
Review
Pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) and acne (PAPA) syndrome is an autosomal dominant autoinflammatory syndrome due to mutations in proline-serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 1 (PSTPIP1) gene and presenting with cutaneous and articular manifestations. Other autoinflammatory syndromes caused by mutations in PSTPIP1 gene or characterized by clinical findings overlapping with those found in PAPA syndrome have been recently included in the group of PAPA spectrum disorders. These disorders are PASH (PG, acne and hidradenitis suppurativa [HS]), PAPASH (PASH associated with pyogenic sterile arthritis), PsAPASH (PASH combined with psoriatic arthritis [PsA], PASS (PG, acne, ankylosing spondylitis, with or without HS), PAC (PG, acne and ulcerative colitis [UC]) and PAMI syndrome (PSTPIP1-associated myeloid-related-proteinemia inflammatory syndrome). Except for PAPA and PAMI, no specific pathogenetic mutations have been identified in these syndromes. Dermatologists should be aware that PG, acne and HS may represent cutaneous signs hiding the presence of these rare entities. Systemic corticosteroids, a number of immunosuppressants and biologics, such as interleukin (IL)-1 antagonists and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α inhibitors, are nowadays therapy for these diseases. A pathogenesis-driven treatment is the near future in the management of these conditions.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Arthritis, Infectious; Humans; Pyoderma Gangrenosum
PubMed: 32618443
DOI: 10.23736/S0392-0488.20.06629-8 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2023Acne vulgaris is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases and is characterized by papules, pustules, comedones, and nodules. Although adolescence is the... (Review)
Review
Acne vulgaris is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases and is characterized by papules, pustules, comedones, and nodules. Although adolescence is the preferential age group, acne may affect various age groups. Acne shares different properties in adults and adolescents. These differences extend from epidemiology to treatments. Increased awareness of these two subtypes will allow for better management of the disease. In this review, the authors examined all aspects of acne in adults and adolescents under the light of current literature.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Adolescent; Acne Vulgaris
PubMed: 36253244
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.01.006