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Scientific Reports Apr 2020A systematic review was conducted on epidemiology studies on acne obtained from a Web of Science search to study risk factors associated with acne presentation and...
A systematic review was conducted on epidemiology studies on acne obtained from a Web of Science search to study risk factors associated with acne presentation and severity. A strong association was observed between several risk factors - family history, age, BMI and skin type - and acne presentation or severity in multiple studies. The pooled odds ratio of 2.36 (95% CI 1.97-2.83) for overweight/obese BMI with reference to normal/underweight BMI and the pooled odds ratio of 2.91 (95% CI 2.58-3.28) for family history in parents with reference to no family history in parents demonstrate this strong association. In addition, a pooled odds ratio of 1.07 (95% CI 0.42-2.71) was obtained for sex (males with reference to females). However, the association between other factors, such as dietary factors and smoking, and acne presentation or severity was less clear, with inconsistent results between studies. Thus, further research is required to understand how these factors may influence the development and severity of acne. This study summarizes the potential factors that may affect the risk of acne presentation or severe acne and can help researchers and clinicians to understand the epidemiology of acne and severe acne. Furthermore, the findings can direct future acne research, with the hope of gaining insight into the pathophysiology of acne so as to develop effective acne treatments.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Age Factors; Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Skin
PubMed: 32238884
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62715-3 -
Dermatologic Therapy Nov 2020Oral and topical zinc have been used for the treatment of acne, but there is a lack of definitive evidence for their efficacy. (a) To determine if mean serum zinc levels... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Oral and topical zinc have been used for the treatment of acne, but there is a lack of definitive evidence for their efficacy. (a) To determine if mean serum zinc levels differ between acne patients and controls and (b) to determine the efficacy of zinc preparations in the treatment of acne. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to recommended PRISMA [Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses] guidelines. Subjects with acne had significantly lower serum zinc levels compared to controls. Patients who were treated with zinc had a significant improvement in mean inflammatory papule count compared to those who were not treated with zinc. There was no significant difference in the incidence of side effects in zinc supplementation vs comparators. Acne patients have decreased serum zinc levels. Zinc is effective for the treatment of acne, particularly at decreasing the number of inflammatory papules, when used as monotherapy or as an adjunctive treatment.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Humans; Organic Chemicals; Zinc
PubMed: 32860489
DOI: 10.1111/dth.14252 -
Australian Family Physician Dec 2017Acne vulgaris affects more than 90% of Australian adolescents aged 16-18 years. It may have a significantly deleterious effect on their self-esteem and emotional state.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Acne vulgaris affects more than 90% of Australian adolescents aged 16-18 years. It may have a significantly deleterious effect on their self-esteem and emotional state. Moderate-to-severe acne can lead to scarring. There are many treatment options available. Most teenagers obtain information from their peers or from the internet.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this article is to inform general practitioners (GPs) of the pathogenesis, physiology and description of acne, as well as therapeutic options, including topical and systemic therapies. Skin care, diet and other factors of importance are also discussed.
DISCUSSION
The first point of contact with patients is in general practice. GPs effectively manage most patients with acne. Treatment choice is guided by experience, with many clinical acne treatment guidelines available. The most common reason for treatment failure is insufficient duration of therapy. Successful treatments require months of topical agents and, in many cases, additional systemic therapies. Internationally, there is a resurgence in the basic research of acne vulgaris, leading to new topical and systemic treatments.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Australia; Cicatrix; Disease Management; General Practitioners; Humans; Incidence; Physician-Patient Relations
PubMed: 29464224
DOI: No ID Found -
Dermatologic Therapy Jan 2021Acne is a highly common skin disease especially among teenagers. Modern acne treatments are based also on the use of moisturizers, cleansers and sunscreens. In choosing... (Review)
Review
Acne is a highly common skin disease especially among teenagers. Modern acne treatments are based also on the use of moisturizers, cleansers and sunscreens. In choosing the right cleanser, it is important to consider some aspects: the interaction between skin type and the cleanser, the optimal time and method of cleaning and the cosmetic perception of the patient. The aim of our review is to highlight the importance of choosing the most suitable topical dermocosmetics for the different skin types, as well as the most effective timing and method to combine dermocosmetics with the standard acne treatment. A search in literature for selected key words was performed using PubMed. Additional papers were identified based on author expertise. Treatment of acne patients should include education for proper daily skin hygiene, including protection from environmental damage. However, given the low number of clinical studies on cleansers, it is difficult to make reliable recommendations. The correct choice and use of topical dermocosmetics are fundamental in the management of acne patients. Daily use of moisturizers, cleansers and sunscreens can reduce both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesion counts and may be helpful for acne treatment if combined with specific drugs.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Cosmetics; Humans; Sunscreening Agents
PubMed: 33084158
DOI: 10.1111/dth.14436 -
The British Journal of Dermatology Jul 2015Acne is estimated to affect 9.4% of the global population, making it the eighth most prevalent disease worldwide. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that acne is... (Review)
Review
Acne is estimated to affect 9.4% of the global population, making it the eighth most prevalent disease worldwide. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that acne is most common in postpubescent teens, with boys most frequently affected, particularly with more severe forms of the disease. This paper aims to provide an update on the epidemiology of acne worldwide. Recent general and institutional studies from around the world have shown that the prevalence of acne is broadly consistent globally (with the exception of specific populations, which are discussed). However, this review highlights that there is a wide range of disparate outcome measures being applied in epidemiology studies, and we emphasize the need to develop a widely accepted, credible, standard assessment scale to address this in the future. In addition we discuss special populations, such as those devoid of acne, as well as the impact of potential determinants of acne on disease epidemiology.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diet; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Global Health; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 25597339
DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13462 -
Dermatologic Therapy May 2020Acne is known as a chronic inflammatory skin disease with sever adverse effects on quality of life in the patients. The increasing resistance to antibiotics has... (Review)
Review
Acne is known as a chronic inflammatory skin disease with sever adverse effects on quality of life in the patients. The increasing resistance to antibiotics has decreased their effectiveness in treating acne. As viable microbial dietary supplements, probiotics provide health benefits through fighting pathogens and maintaining the homeostasis of the gut and skin microbiome. The present article reviewed the potential of probiotics as beneficial microorganisms for treating acne vulgaris. This review of literature was conducted through a bibliographic search of popular databases, including Science Direct, PubMed, Scielo and Medline, using keywords such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, microbiome, and acne vulgaris to determine potential applications of these beneficial microbiomes in treating acne vulgaris. Acne lesions are associated with increases in proportion of Propionibacterium acnes as a skin commensal bacterium. The environmental studies showed inhibitory effects of probiotics on P. acnes, mediating by antibacterial proteins and bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances, and their immunomodulatory effects onkeratinocytes and epithelial cells. Probiotics were also found to inhibit cytokine IL-8 in epithelial cells and keratinocytes, suggesting immunomodulatory activities. Moreover, glycerol fermentation by Staphylococcus epidermidis was found to be a natural skin defense against acne and an overgrowth inhibitor of P. acnes. As an antimicrobial agent in lotions and cosmetic formulations, Lactococcus sp. can decrease the inflammatory mediators that are produced by P. acnes and cause vasodilation, edema, mast cell degranulation and TNF-alpha release. Oral administration of probiotics was found to constitute an adjuvant therapy to conventional modalities for treating mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Microbiota; Probiotics; Propionibacterium acnes; Quality of Life
PubMed: 32266790
DOI: 10.1111/dth.13279 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Sep 2017Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit. Its pathophysiology includes hyperseborrhoea, abnormal follicular keratinization and Propionibacterium... (Review)
Review
Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit. Its pathophysiology includes hyperseborrhoea, abnormal follicular keratinization and Propionibacterium acnes proliferation in the pilosebaceous unit. Recent research has shed some new light on the involvement of the sebaceous gland, as well as on the pro-inflammatory activity of the cutaneous microbiome. During puberty, alteration of the sebaceous lipid profile, called dysseborrhoea, stress, irritation, cosmetics and potential dietary factors lead to inflammation and formation of different types of acne lesions. Dysbiosis, the process leading to a disturbed skin barrier and disequilibrium of the cutaneous microbiome, resulting in the proliferation of P. acnes strains, is another important process that triggers acne. P. acnes activates the innate immunity via the expression of protease activated receptors (PARs), tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α and toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the production of interferon (INF) γ, interleukins (IL-8, IL12, IL-1), TNF, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by keratinocytes, resulting in the hyperkeratinization of the pilosebaceous unit. Rebalancing the natural microbiome of the skin by restoring the natural skin barrier, limiting the proliferation of P. acnes on the skin by using topical antibacterials which do not cause resistance and regulating quantity and quality of sebum will be the main acne treatment challenges in the future. The aim of this article to provide an update on the involvement of the sebaceous gland, the innate immunity and the cutaneous microbiome, how all of these factors promote acne and to illustrate their links with current and future treatments.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Biofilms; Cytokines; Endocannabinoids; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Propionibacterium acnes; Receptors, Cell Surface; Sebaceous Glands
PubMed: 28805938
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14374 -
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine Dec 2022Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing public health problem worldwide. The interest of a focus on antimicrobial resistance in acne lies on the facts that acne... (Review)
Review
Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing public health problem worldwide. The interest of a focus on antimicrobial resistance in acne lies on the facts that acne vulgaris (acne) is the most common skin disease worldwide, that the bacterium (, formerly ) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of acne, while at the same time being part of the skin flora, and that antibiotics are commonly recommended for acne treatment. The overuse of topical and/or systemic antibiotics, the long treatment courses used for acne, and the availability of over-the-counter antibiotic preparations, have led to the worldwide emergence of resistant strains in acne patients. In this review, we discuss the epidemiological trends of antimicrobial resistance in acne, the need to avoid the perturbation of the skin microbiome caused by anti-acne antibiotics, and the clinical practice considerations related to the emergence of resistant strains in acne patients. In light of the increasing risk of antimicrobial resistance, raising concerns over the misuse of antibiotics, prescribing patterns can be a critical target for antibiotic stewardship efforts. Also, the selection of non-antibiotic therapies for acne, whenever possible, may offer significant advantages.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Acne Vulgaris; Skin; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 36568833
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology Sep 2023Acne is a common, chronic inflammatory condition affecting millions of people worldwide, with significant negative impact on quality of life and mental health. Acne is...
Acne is a common, chronic inflammatory condition affecting millions of people worldwide, with significant negative impact on quality of life and mental health. Acne is characterized by comedones, inflammatory papules, pustules, and nodulocystic lesions, with long-lasting sequelae including scarring and dyspigmentation, the latter of which is more common in skin of color. The four main pillars of acne pathophysiology include alteration of sebum production and concentration, hyperkeratinization of the follicular unit, Cutibacterium acnes strains, and an inflammatory immune response. Newer research has provided greater insight into these pathophysiologic categories. This greater understanding of acne pathogenesis has led to numerous new and emerging treatment modalities. These modalities include combinations of existing treatments, repurposing of existing agents historically used for other conditions, new topical treatments, novel antibiotics, topical and oral probiotics, and various procedural devices. This article will provide an overview of emerging treatments of acne and their link to our current and improved understanding of acne pathogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Acne Vulgaris; Skin; Administration, Topical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Inflammation
PubMed: 37328614
DOI: 10.1007/s40257-023-00789-1 -
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen... Oct 2018Today we see more cases of acne after adolescence, with a greater prevalence in females than males. Adult female acne has a distinct clinical presentation and is... (Review)
Review
Today we see more cases of acne after adolescence, with a greater prevalence in females than males. Adult female acne has a distinct clinical presentation and is associated with a number of specific pathophysiological features and gender-specific triggers. The psychological impact of acne is generally significant and largely underestimated; stress during professional and private life, anxiety and sleep quality, in particular, have a reciprocal relationship with disease susceptibility and severity. It is essential to compare with males. Acne in females often causes greater distress in adults than in adolescents. The impact of disease may therefore be greater for female patients, triggering higher levels of psychosocial anguish and increasing the likelihood of sequelae such as skin picking and the risks of cutaneous superinfection, scarring and PIH and acne recurrence. The management of adult female acne should encompass not just medical treatment of the symptoms, but also a comprehensive, holistic approach to the patient as a whole, her individual lifestyle factors and the impact of acne on her quality of life. Future management of this disease should aim to improve patient adherence to therapy and to develop validated outcomes of treatment regarding overall skin appearance and quality of life.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adult; Anxiety; Combined Modality Therapy; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Holistic Health; Humans; Life Style; Quality of Life; Risk Factors; Sex Factors
PubMed: 30248242
DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13664