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Pediatric Annals Mar 2020Acne is the most common skin condition observed in adolescent and preadolescent patients. Pediatric providers are on the forefront of managing the disease, often as a... (Review)
Review
Acne is the most common skin condition observed in adolescent and preadolescent patients. Pediatric providers are on the forefront of managing the disease, often as a secondary concern in a busy practice. Therefore, every provider needs to have an acne treatment plan that is effective, easy to communicate, and simple to follow. This article provides treatment rationale and guidelines-based recommendations for the initial treatment of acne, tips for troubleshooting any side effects, and a plan for subsequent follow-up to maintain good control. [Pediatr Ann. 2020;49(3):e109-e115.].
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Child; Humans; Pediatrics; Physicians, Primary Care; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 32155276
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20200211-01 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica Dec 2021The association between diet and acne is of growing concern. Every country has its own food culture; however, only a few studies have surveyed the influence of Asian...
The association between diet and acne is of growing concern. Every country has its own food culture; however, only a few studies have surveyed the influence of Asian cuisine on acne. This study investigated the association between acne severity and diet/lifestyle factors in 2,467 Thai adolescents and adults. Data were collected via a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. In Thai adolescents and adults, the prevalence of mild acne was 52%, moderate acne 22%, and severe acne 8%. No acne was found in 18% of participants. The dietary factors associated with increased severity of acne were consumption of chocolate >100 g/week (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.29; 95% CI 1.07-1.56), oily and fried food >3 times/week (aOR 1.84; 95% CI 1.07-3.16) and white rice (aOR 1.80; 95% CI 1.24-2.63). Conversely, the factors associated with decreased severity of acne were consumption of sugar-free milk-free tea (aOR 0.61; 95% CI 0.43-0.87) and vegetables (aOR 0.74; 95% CI 0.62-0.89).
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Humans; Surveys and Questionnaires; Thailand
PubMed: 34806756
DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v101.569 -
Folia Microbiologica Dec 2022Acne is a frequently presented dermatological condition brought about by an interplay among inflammation, increased sebum production, hyperkeratinisation, and... (Review)
Review
Acne is a frequently presented dermatological condition brought about by an interplay among inflammation, increased sebum production, hyperkeratinisation, and predominantly Propionibacterium acnes (renamed as Cutibacterium acnes) proliferation, leading to debilitating psychological scars. However, it has been shown that it is the loss of microbial diversity in the skin and the imbalance among C. acnes phylotypes that brings about acne rather than the C. acnes species as a whole. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that other microorganisms may be implicated, such as the fungi Malassezia and the bacteria Cutibacterium granulosum. A plethora of scientific evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is implicated in the overall health and physiology of the host; studies show that the gut microbiome of acne patients is distinct and depicts less microbial diversity compared to individuals without acne. Herein, using the key terms: acne, C. acnes, IGF-1, sebum, and gut microbiome, we carried out a review of the literature, using Google Scholar and PubMed, and discussed the role of the gut and skin microbiome in relation to acne, as a narrative review. The role of hormones, diet, sebum, and stress in relation to the gut microbiome was also investigated. Therapeutic implications and the use of pre-/postbiotics are also deliberated upon. In this light, future research should investigate the relationship between the gut microbiome and the agreed upon factors of acne pathology, potentially leading to the discovery of novel acne treatments with milder side effects.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Acne Vulgaris; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin; Microbiota
PubMed: 35711021
DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00982-5 -
Dermatologic Surgery : Official... Jan 2020Microneedling is a popular, minimally invasive skin rejuvenation modality for acne scarring. Recent reports have evaluated the efficacy and safety of microneedling...
BACKGROUND
Microneedling is a popular, minimally invasive skin rejuvenation modality for acne scarring. Recent reports have evaluated the efficacy and safety of microneedling monotherapy and combination treatment for scarring.
OBJECTIVE
This review aims to systematically analyze the current literature on microneedling techniques used for acne scarring.
METHODS
A PubMed search (2009-current) was used to identify literature on microneedling treatment for acne. All randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials, case cohorts, case reports, and case series were included with the exception of 2 studies, which were excluded due to unavailability.
RESULTS
All 33 articles evaluated showed improvement of acne scar appearance after microneedling treatment. Evidence was inconsistent when comparing microneedling monotherapy to dual therapy or to fractional laser treatment.
CONCLUSION
Microneedling improves acne scarring, and further studies are needed to compare microneedling with other minimally invasive treatments.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Cicatrix; Cosmetic Techniques; Humans; Needles; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31356435
DOI: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000002020 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica Sep 2014This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and histological changes induced by dietary omega-3 fatty acid and γ-linoleic acid in acne... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and histological changes induced by dietary omega-3 fatty acid and γ-linoleic acid in acne vulgaris. A 10-week, randomised, controlled parallel dietary intervention study was performed in 45 participants with mild to moderate acne, which were allocated to either an omega-3 fatty acid group (2,000 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), a γ-linoleic acid group (borage oil containing 400 mg γ-linoleic acid), or a control group. After 10 weeks of omega-3 fatty acid or γ-linoleic acid supplementation, inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions decreased significantly. Patient subjective assessment of improvement showed a similar result. Heamatoxylin & eosin staining of acne lesions demonstrated reductions in inflammation and immunohistochemical staining intensity for interleukin-8. No severe adverse effect was reported. This study shows for the first time that omega-3 fatty acid and γ-linoleic acid could be used as adjuvant treatments for acne patients.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Dietary Supplements; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Double-Blind Method; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Male; Prospective Studies; Young Adult; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 24553997
DOI: 10.2340/00015555-1802 -
International Journal of Dermatology Oct 2022Acne affects more than 640 million people worldwide, including about 85% of adolescents. This inflammatory dermatosis affects the entire population, from teenagers to... (Review)
Review
Acne affects more than 640 million people worldwide, including about 85% of adolescents. This inflammatory dermatosis affects the entire population, from teenagers to adults, which reinforces the need to investigate it. Furthermore, in adults, acne has serious consequences, including a psychological impact, low self-esteem, social isolation, and depression. Over the last years, the understanding of acne pathophysiology has improved, mainly thanks to the identification of the pivotal role of the microbiota. The aim of this review was to screen the most recent scientific literature on adult acne and the newly tested treatments. Clinically, therapeutic innovations for the treatment of acne have been recently developed, including pre/probiotics, new molecules, and innovative formulations associated, however, with fewer side effects. Moreover, clinical trials are underway to use off-label molecules that seem to be proving their value in the fight against adult acne.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Humans; Probiotics
PubMed: 35521784
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16220 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Aug 2023Acne vulgaris can be associated with hyperpigmentation, particularly in individuals with skin of color. This acne-induced macular hyperpigmentation (AMH), also called... (Review)
Review
Acne vulgaris can be associated with hyperpigmentation, particularly in individuals with skin of color. This acne-induced macular hyperpigmentation (AMH), also called postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, is often long lasting and negatively impacts quality of life. Large-scale, randomized, controlled clinical trials with regard to the treatment of acne and AMH are lacking. For this reason, evidence-based treatment recommendations cannot be made. However, AMH is a common condition, and it is important for clinicians to have guidance on management strategies. The authors, a group of 10 board-certified dermatologists, conducted a modified Delphi consensus process to reach a consensus on first-line therapy for AMH and determine whether therapeutic choices change in different patient subgroups. We reached a consensus that most patients with acne and AMH should receive early and efficacious acne treatment with a topical retinoid and benzoyl peroxide. Therapies aimed at addressing AMH-including hydroquinone, azelaic acid, chemical peel, or antioxidants-may also be considered for enhancing the effect of the treatment regimen on acne and pigmentation. Chemical peels may be used as adjunctive or second-line therapy. This article details the results of the Delphi process, reviews relevant literature for providing recommendations for AMH, and discusses appropriate treatment options.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Consensus; Delphi Technique; Acne Vulgaris; Hyperpigmentation
PubMed: 36924935
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.02.053 -
The Journal of Family Practice Sep 2021THE COMPARISONA. A 27-year-old Hispanic woman with comedonal and inflammatory acne. Erythema is prominent around the inflammatory lesions. Note the pustule on the cheek...
THE COMPARISONA. A 27-year-old Hispanic woman with comedonal and inflammatory acne. Erythema is prominent around the inflammatory lesions. Note the pustule on the cheek surrounded by pink color.B. A teenaged Black boy with acne papules and pustules on the face. There are comedones, hyperpigmented macules, and pustules on the cheek.C. A teenaged Black girl with pomade acne. The patient used various hair care products, which obstructed the pilosebaceous units on the forehead.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Black or African American; Erythema; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Male; Skin Pigmentation; Young Adult
PubMed: 34818170
DOI: 10.12788/jfp.0271 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Feb 2020
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans
PubMed: 31859048
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.01.092 -
Current Problems in Dermatology 2018Acne is based on a complex, multifactorial pathophysiology beginning with a microcomedo. Comedogenesis involves follicular hyperproliferation and disturbed... (Review)
Review
Acne is based on a complex, multifactorial pathophysiology beginning with a microcomedo. Comedogenesis involves follicular hyperproliferation and disturbed keratinization, hyperseborrhea and hyperplasia of sebaceous glands as well as disturbances in skin microbiome. Acne is treated with antibiotics, retinoids, keratolytics, hormonal and anti-inflammatory agents. Efficacy and side effects of given medications are well known. The uppermost layer of the stratum corneum is acidic. The low pH provides protection by slowing down the growth of some bacteria. Increase of skin surface pH leads to impaired barrier function, disturbances in skin microbiome and inflammation. Acne-predisposed skin is in a constant state of subclinical inflammation. Subclinical inflammation may be linked to changes in skin surface pH and disturbances of the stratum corneum, allowing microorganisms to stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, based on the current literature, the possible link between the skin surface pH, epidermal barrier function and acne is reviewed.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Aging; Animals; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Propionibacterium acnes; Sex Characteristics; Skin; Skin Pigmentation
PubMed: 30130780
DOI: 10.1159/000489525