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Biomolecules Jan 2021The discovery and development of actinomycete secondary metabolites (ASMs) have played pivotal roles in the fields of human medicine and its related biotechnology...
The discovery and development of actinomycete secondary metabolites (ASMs) have played pivotal roles in the fields of human medicine and its related biotechnology sectors over the past several decades [...].
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Biological Products; Biotechnology; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Drug Discovery; Humans; Multigene Family; Streptomyces
PubMed: 33494267
DOI: 10.3390/biom11020134 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Apr 2015Actinomyces israelii has long been recognized as a causative agent of actinomycosis. During the past 3 decades, a large number of novel Actinomyces species have been... (Review)
Review
Actinomyces israelii has long been recognized as a causative agent of actinomycosis. During the past 3 decades, a large number of novel Actinomyces species have been described. Their detection and identification in clinical microbiology laboratories and recognition as pathogens in clinical settings can be challenging. With the introduction of advanced molecular methods, knowledge about their clinical relevance is gradually increasing, and the spectrum of diseases associated with Actinomyces and Actinomyces-like organisms is widening accordingly; for example, Actinomyces meyeri, Actinomyces neuii, and Actinomyces turicensis as well as Actinotignum (formerly Actinobaculum) schaalii are emerging as important causes of specific infections at various body sites. In the present review, we have gathered this information to provide a comprehensive and microbiologically consistent overview of the significance of Actinomyces and some closely related taxa in human infections.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Classification; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 25788515
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00100-14 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Apr 2023Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare infection caused by the bacterial species actinomyces. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of pulmonary actinomycosis to... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare infection caused by the bacterial species actinomyces. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of pulmonary actinomycosis to improve awareness and knowledge. The literature was analysed using databases including Pubmed, Medline and Embase from 1974 to 2021. After inclusion and exclusion, a total of 142 papers were reviewed. Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare disease occurring in approximately 1 per 3,000,000 people annually. Historically, pulmonary actinomycosis was a common infection with high mortality; however, the infection has become rarer since the widespread use of penicillins. Actinomycosis is known as "the great masquerade"; however, it can be differentiated from other diseases with acid-fast negative ray-like bacilli and sulphur granules being pathognomonic. Complications of the infection include empyema, endocarditis, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and sepsis. The mainstay of treatment is prolonged antibiotic therapy, with adjuvant surgery in severe cases. Future research should focus on multiple areas, including the potential risk secondary to immunosuppression from newer immunotherapies, the utility of newer diagnostic techniques and ongoing surveillance post-therapy.
Topics: Humans; Actinomycosis; Actinomyces; Lung Diseases; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Penicillins
PubMed: 36801629
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.02.004 -
International Journal of Gynecological... Mar 2019Seven cases of actinomycotic endometritis were identified among 28,906 endometrial biopsies performed in the last 10 yr. The patients' ages ranged from 44 to 85 yr...
Seven cases of actinomycotic endometritis were identified among 28,906 endometrial biopsies performed in the last 10 yr. The patients' ages ranged from 44 to 85 yr old. An intrauterine device was in place from 7 to 44 yr. The reasons to perform the biopsies included abnormal uterine bleeding, malodor, prolapse, pelvic inflammatory disease, and suspicion of metastatic uterine sarcoma. Definitive identification of Actinomyces israelii by culture was obtained in 1 case only. Gram, Gomori methenamine silver, and Fite stains were useful in the differential diagnosis with pseudoactinomycotic granules, Nocardia, fungi, and other bacteria. The Actinomyces-like organisms were surrounded by extensive suppurative reaction in all cases. The tissues showed florid neutrophilic and plasmacytic inflammation. The treatment consisted of intrauterine device removal and 10 to 30 d of antibiotics in 4 patients. The Actinomyces-like organisms persisted for 6 wk in spite of antibiotic therapy when the intrauterine device removal was delayed in one of those cases. Two patients had hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy due to tubo-ovarian abscess and hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, and rectosigmoid excision due to pelvic abscess and septic emboli, both followed by 30 to 45 d of antibiotic therapy. One patient had hysterectomy not followed by antibiotics due to prolapse. No other pelvic abscesses were identified on follow-up, which ranged from 4 to 101 mo (median, 20 mo; mean, 44 mo).
Topics: Abscess; Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diagnosis, Differential; Endometritis; Endometrium; Female; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Middle Aged; Pelvis
PubMed: 29369919
DOI: 10.1097/PGP.0000000000000476 -
Revue Medicale Suisse Oct 2019Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection, caused by the genus Actinomyces, commensal of the digestive and genital tract. The most common presentation of the... (Review)
Review
Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection, caused by the genus Actinomyces, commensal of the digestive and genital tract. The most common presentation of the disease affects the cervicofacial region, but other anatomical sites in the abdomen, thorax and central nervous system may be involved. Differential diagnosis includes neoplasia. Prolonged culture of deep samples in an anaerobic environment is the gold standard of the diagnosis. The treatment of choice is intravenous penicillin G followed by oral amoxicillin for a total duration of 6 to 12 months. However, depending on the location and response to antibiotics, shorter therapy may be considered.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Neoplasms; Organ Specificity
PubMed: 31599519
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Opinion in Biotechnology Jun 2021Natural product derived pesticides have increased in popularity worldwide because of their high efficacy, eco-friendly nature and favorable safety profile. The... (Review)
Review
Natural product derived pesticides have increased in popularity worldwide because of their high efficacy, eco-friendly nature and favorable safety profile. The development of polyketide pesticides from actinomycetes reflects this increase in popularity in the past decades. These pesticides, which include avermectins, spinosyns, polynactins, tetramycin and their analogues, have been successfully applied in crop protection. Moreover, the advance of biotechnology has led to continuous improvement in the discovery and production processes. In this review, we summarize these polyketide pesticides, their activities and provide insight into their development. We also discuss engineering strategies and the current status of industrial production for these pesticides. Given that actinomycetes are known to produce a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites, the description of pesticide development and high yield strain improvement presented herein will facilitate further development of these valuable polyketide pesticides from actinomycetes.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Biological Products; Pesticides; Polyketides
PubMed: 34102376
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.05.006 -
Journal of Stomatology, Oral and... Nov 2021The AAOMS in 2014 changed from BRONJ to the term Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ), because of the growing number of osteonecrosis cases associated... (Review)
Review
The AAOMS in 2014 changed from BRONJ to the term Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ), because of the growing number of osteonecrosis cases associated with other antiresorptive and antiangiogenic therapies. Even if the drugs involved are different, the histopathological findings are the same. Colonies of Actinomyces are encountered in most cases. The aim of the present study is to report on Actinomyces prevalence among the cases of MRONJ, taking into consideration also antiresorptive and antiangiogenic therapies in the literature and in our sample between 2005 and 2020. The review was performed using the database Medline the linkage between Actinomyces infection and MRONJ. The retrospective study was conducted on patients between with clinical and radiological manifestations of MRONJ May 2005 and February 2020. A total of 42 articles were found, 30 publications have been taken into consideration for the review. A total of 114 patients have been examined at the Padua Hospital. A total of 101 oncological patients presented the histological confirmation of MRONJ. 83 specimens revealed the presence of Actinomyces infection (82.18%). Actinomyces-associated lesions are frequent and present a wide spectrum of clinical manifestation.
Topics: Actinomyces; Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Diphosphonates; Humans; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32827811
DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2020.07.012 -
Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey Apr 2017is commonly found in many areas of the body where it derives a benefit without harming the host. When it does infect the host during pregnancy, is that infection a... (Review)
Review
IMPORTANCE
is commonly found in many areas of the body where it derives a benefit without harming the host. When it does infect the host during pregnancy, is that infection a threat to the obstetric patient and does that infection cause adverse pregnancy outcomes?
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to review what is known about infections and the impact of an infection on pregnancy outcomes.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
A PubMed search was undertaken with the search years unlimited to April 1, 2016, and restricted to articles in English. The search terms included "actinomyces," "pregnancy," "prenatal," "maternal," "actinomyces infection," "pregnancy," "chorioamnionitis," "preterm labor," "premature birth," or "postpartum actinomyces."
RESULTS
Eighteen of the 154 identified articles are the basis of this review. is a rod-like positive bacterium. The diagnosis of an infection can be by culture or Gram stain. is commensal and typically only infects after a mucosal break or lesion. Seventeen cases were identified in pregnancy. Ten cases were complicated by chorioamnionitis and a preterm delivery. A nidus leading to infection was identified in 12 of the cases including women with a cervical cerclage, dental abscesses, appendicitis, renal actinomycosis, and ovarian abscesses. Adverse pregnancy outcomes have been linked with periodontal disease, but treatment did not prevent preterm delivery in a randomized, blinded, controlled trial.
CONCLUSIONS
infections in pregnancy are rare but, if they occur, have been linked primarily with preterm deliveries.
TARGET AUDIENCE
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to identify the areas of the body where infections occur and how the infections typically occur, identify the pathophysiologic changes that occur during pregnancy that might lead to an infection and how that infection may affect pregnancy outcomes, and describe the treatment for mild and severe infections.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Chorioamnionitis; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth
PubMed: 28426126
DOI: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000000423 -
Diagnostic Cytopathology Dec 2017Nocardia species and Actinomyces species are 2 of the most commonly diagnosed filamentous bacteria in routine cytopathology practice. These genera share many overlapping... (Review)
Review
Nocardia species and Actinomyces species are 2 of the most commonly diagnosed filamentous bacteria in routine cytopathology practice. These genera share many overlapping cytomorphologic features, including their thin, beaded, branching, Gram-positive, GMS-positive filamentous structures that fragment at their peripheries into bacillary- and coccoid-appearing forms. Features that help distinguish between these 2 microorganisms include the width of their filamentous structures, the angles at which they branch, and their ability or lack thereof to retain a modified acid-fast stain. In addition to cytomorphologic overlap, overlap in clinical presentation is frequent with pulmonary and mucocutaneous presentations seen in both. Differentiating between Nocardia and Actinomyces is essential because patients with these infections require different approaches to medical management. Both antibiotic susceptibilities and the need for early surgical intervention as part of the treatment plan vary greatly among these 2 groups. This review focuses on the clinical presentation, cytomorphology and staining characteristics that can be useful in identifying and distinguishing between Nocardia and Actinomyces infections, as well as their mimickers.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Lung; Nocardia; Nocardia Infections
PubMed: 28888064
DOI: 10.1002/dc.23816 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Sep 2021
Topics: Abdominal Abscess; Abdominal Pain; Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Female; Fever; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Middle Aged; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Uterus
PubMed: 34469649
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm2102632