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BMC Pulmonary Medicine May 2022Primary pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare and distinct subtype of lung adenocarcinoma.
BACKGROUND
Primary pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare and distinct subtype of lung adenocarcinoma.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 72-year-old woman presented with productive cough for two months and fever for six days. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed a mass in the left lower lobe. Sputum culture tested negative for bacteria, but the sequence of Actinomyces meyeri was detected by metagenomic next generation sequencing from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. It was considered a pathogenic bacterium as the normalized number of DNA sequencing reads was 10 times higher than the normal level. The patient's symptoms alleviated quickly, and the chest CT lesion shrank to a third of the original size following treatment with penicillin for two months. However, a repeat chest CT performed after four months of treatment revealed that the lesion had expanded. Positron emission tomography/CT revealed that fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism was increased in the mass with surrounding ground glass density of the left lower lobe. Furthermore, CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy was performed, and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed columnar tumor cells with abundant mucin in the cytoplasm with a basal nucleus. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma and agreed to undergo a thoracoscopic surgery.
CONCLUSIONS
Pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma is a subset of lung adenocarcinoma with low incidence rate. The clinical features and CT findings are non-specific. A histopathological diagnosis is of fundamental importance in preventing misdiagnosis.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Aged; Female; Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms
PubMed: 35524297
DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-01971-7 -
Chemosphere Nov 2021Remediation of contaminated water and wastewater using biosorption methods has attracted significant attention in recent decades due to its efficiency, convenience and...
Remediation of contaminated water and wastewater using biosorption methods has attracted significant attention in recent decades due to its efficiency, convenience and minimised environmental effects. Bacterial biosorbents are normally deployed as a non-living powder or suspension. Little is known about the mechanisms or rates of bacterial attachment to surfaces and effect of various conditions on the biofilm development, as well as efficiency of living biofilms in the removal of heavy metals. In the present study, the effect of environmental and nutritional conditions such as pH, temperature, concentrations of phosphate, glucose, amino acid, nitrate, calcium and magnesium, on planktonic and biofilm growth of single and mixed bacterial cultures, were measured. Actinomyces meyeri, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens strains were evaluated to determine the optimum biofilm growth conditions. The Cd(II) biosorption efficiencies of the mixed-species biofilm developed in the optimum growth condition, were investigated and modelled using Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubnin Radushkevich models. The biofilm quantification techniques revealed that the optimum concentration of phosphate, glucose, amino acid, nitrate, calcium and magnesium for the biofilm development were 25, 10, 1, 1.5, 5 and 0.5 g L, respectively. Further increases in the nutrient concentrations resulted in less biofilm growth. The optimum pH for the biofilm growth was 7 and alkaline or acidic conditions caused significant negative effects on the bacterial attachment and development. The optimum temperatures for the bacterial attachment to the surface were between 25 and 35 °C. The maximum Cd(II) biosorption efficiency (99%) and capacity (18.19 mg g) of the mixed-species biofilm, occurred on day 35 (C = 0.1 mg L) and 1 (C = 20 mg L) of biofilm growth, respectively. Modelling of the biosorption data revealed that Cd(II) removal by the living biofilm was a physical process by a monolayer of biofilm. The results of present study suggested that environmental and nutritional conditions had a significant effect on bacterial biofilm formation and its efficiency in Cd(II) removal.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Adsorption; Bacillus cereus; Biofilms; Cadmium; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics
PubMed: 34147985
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131152 -
NMC Case Report Journal Jul 2020Intracranial subdural abscess is a rare condition. Although brain abscess is often reported in relation to dental infection, reports of intracranial subdural abscess are...
Intracranial subdural abscess is a rare condition. Although brain abscess is often reported in relation to dental infection, reports of intracranial subdural abscess are few. spp. forms part of the normal flora of the oral, gastrointestinal, and genital tract, and is rarely the cause of intracranial infection; moreover, the pathogen is very rare. We report an exceptional case of intracranial subdural abscess caused by and related to dental treatment. A 57-year-old woman initially presented with a 5-day history of headache. Because left arm numbness and weakness became apparent, she was admitted to our department. She had a history of hypertension and dental problems requiring tooth extractions. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) showed a 1-cm right convexity hyperintense mass above the postcentral gyrus. A post-gadolinium T1-weighted image showed a thin hypointense area with peripheral rim enhancement in the right subdural space that appeared to partially thicken in the same location as the DWI-positive mass. She underwent emergent navigation-guided drainage and 4 mL of pus was obtained. Postoperatively, left arm numbness and weakness disappeared. Cultures showed growth of and . She was started on intravenous penicillin G and metronidazole. After a 4-week course of the intravenous antibiotics, her headache gradually improved and the abscess in the subdural space subsided. To our best knowledge this is the first case report of intracranial subdural abscess caused by associated with dental treatment.
PubMed: 32695562
DOI: 10.2176/nmccrj.cr.2019-0246 -
BMC Infectious Diseases May 2020Brain abscesses are the rare and most severe form of actinomycosis, which usually manifests as abscesses of the occipital or parietal lobe due to direct expansion from...
BACKGROUND
Brain abscesses are the rare and most severe form of actinomycosis, which usually manifests as abscesses of the occipital or parietal lobe due to direct expansion from an adjacent area, the oral cavity. In the medical literature, there are only a few reported cases of brain abscess caused by Actinomyces meyeri. In this report, we present a 35-year-old male patient who experienced an insidious headache and left-sided weakness and was diagnosed with an Actinomyces meyeri brain abscess.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 35-year-old Nepalese man came to our institute with the primary complaint of insidious onset of headache and left-sided weakness. His physical examination was remarkable for the left-sided weakness with power 2/5 on both upper and lower limbs, hypertonia, hyperreflexia and positive Babinski sign, with intact sensory function. Cardiac examination revealed systolic murmur with regular S1 and S2, and lung examination was normal. The patient had poor dental hygiene. Biochemistry and haematology panel were normal. Urinalysis, chest X-ray and electrocardiogram revealed no abnormality. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed mitral regurgitation. However, there was no evidence of valvular vegetation. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was performed, which showed a bi-lobed rim enhancing lesion with a conglomeration of two adjoining round lesions in the right parietal parasagittal region. Perilesional oedema resulting in mass effect over the right lateral ventricle and mid-right uncal herniation with midline shift was noted. Craniotomy was performed, and the lesion was excised. Gram staining of the extracted sample revealed gram variable filamentous rods. Creamy white, moist, confluent colonies were observed after performing anaerobic culture in chocolate agar. On the gram staining, they showed gram-positive filamentous rods. Actinomyces meyeri was identified based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) technology. Based on the susceptibilities, he was successfully treated with ampicillin-sulbactam.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, Actinomyces should be considered in the differential diagnosis of brain abscess in patients with poor dental hygiene, and early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can lead to better results.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Adult; Brain Abscess; Headache; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Radiography
PubMed: 32460724
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05100-9 -
The British Journal of Dermatology Apr 2021
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycosis; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans
PubMed: 33140414
DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19600 -
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy :... Aug 2021We present the case of a patient with a voluminous cerebral abscess caused by Aggregatibacter aphrophilus and Actinomyces meyeri occurring a week post dental scaling....
We present the case of a patient with a voluminous cerebral abscess caused by Aggregatibacter aphrophilus and Actinomyces meyeri occurring a week post dental scaling. Both these bacteria are rarely involved in brain abscesses, and so far, cases of cerebral actinomyces have mostly been treated surgically and with intravenous (IV) antibiotics for 3-4 months, then put on oral antibiotic therapy with penicillin or amoxicillin for a further 3-12 months. Our patient underwent drainage through craniotomy and was subsequently put on intravenous ceftriaxone for 3 months accompanied by brain imaging control at the end of this period which showed complete regression of the abscess. Following parenteral treatment, no oral antibiotics were given since pharmacokinetic properties do not allow to attain high tissue concentration in the brain. This treatment gave excellent results.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Aggregatibacter aphrophilus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brain Abscess; Ceftriaxone; Humans
PubMed: 33589370
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.02.005 -
BMC Oral Health May 2021Subgingival microbiome in disease-associated subgingival sites is known to be dysbiotic and significantly altered. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the extent...
BACKGROUND
Subgingival microbiome in disease-associated subgingival sites is known to be dysbiotic and significantly altered. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the extent of dysbiosis in disease- and health-associated subgingival sites is not clear.
METHODS
8 RA and 10 non-RA subjects were recruited for this pilot study. All subjects received full oral examination and underwent collection of subgingival plaque samples from both shallow (periodontal health-associated, probing depth ≤ 3mm) and deep subgingival sites (periodontal disease-associated, probing depth ≥ 4 mm). RA subjects also had rheumatological evaluation. Plaque community profiles were analyzed using 16 S rRNA sequencing.
RESULTS
The phylogenetic diversity of microbial communities in both RA and non-RA controls was significantly higher in deep subgingival sites compared to shallow sites (p = 0.022), and the overall subgingival microbiome clustered primarily according to probing depth (i.e. shallow versus deep sites), and not separated by RA status. While a large number of differentially abundant taxa and gene functions was observed between deep and shallow sites as expected in non-RA controls, we found very few differentially abundant taxa and gene functions between deep and shallow sites in RA subjects. In addition, compared to non-RA controls, the UniFrac distances between deep and shallow sites in RA subjects were smaller, suggesting increased similarity between deep and shallow subgingival microbiome in RA. Streptococcus parasanguinis and Actinomyces meyeri were overabundant in RA subjects, while Gemella morbillorum, Kingella denitrificans, Prevotella melaninogenica and Leptotrichia spp. were more abundant in non-RA subjects.
CONCLUSIONS
The aggregate subgingival microbiome was not significantly different between individuals with and without rheumatoid arthritis. Although the differences in the overall subgingival microbiome was driven primarily by probing depth, in contrast to the substantial microbiome differences typically seen between deep and shallow sites in non-RA patients, the microbiome of deep and shallow sites in RA patients were more similar to each other. These results suggest that factors associated with RA may modulate the ecology of subgingival microbiome and its relationship to periodontal disease, the basis of which remains unknown but warrants further investigation.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Gemella; Humans; Kingella; Microbiota; Phylogeny; Pilot Projects; Streptococcus
PubMed: 33964928
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01597-x -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Actinomycosis by is rare and scarcely reported in the literature. The lung is the main organ involved. Penicillin and amoxicillin are the first-choice treatments....
BACKGROUND
Actinomycosis by is rare and scarcely reported in the literature. The lung is the main organ involved. Penicillin and amoxicillin are the first-choice treatments. Surgery is indicated when empyema and abscesses are resistant to medical treatment.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report an underdiagnosed case of pleural empyema due to in a patient with closed chest trauma. The patient, a male, 47 years old, presented with a dry cough, thoracic pain, and dyspnea a month after the trauma. A chest X-ray showed a left lower lobe pleural effusion, so he was subjected to a thoracentesis, leading to a partial re-expansion of the left lung. The patient also complained about gum discomfort; thus, a dental x-ray scan was taken, which showed the presence of vertical bone resorption in a periodontal pocket. The patient was treated with levofloxacin 500 mg orally once a day, which was continued for 15 days after discharge. Two months after the accident, he presented again with intermittent fever, a worsening cough, and dyspnea. A CT scan showed thickening of the left pleura and a loculated pleural effusion with partial collapse of the left lower lobe. A decision was made to refer the patient to the Thoracic Unit to undergo surgery via a left thoracoscopic uniportal approach. The lung was thoroughly decorticated, and the purulent fluid was aspirated. The postoperative course was uneventful. Cultures showed the growth of which is sensitive to imipenem and amoxicillin. The patient started a proper antibiotic regimen and, whenever possible, was discharged. At 12 months follow-up, a chest X-ray showed a complete resolution of the left pleural effusion with complete re-expansion of the left lung.
CONCLUSIONS
Although rare, Actinomycetes infections must be considered especially in front of non-solving empyema or severe pneumonia of unknown cause because in the majority of cases, with the proper treatment, the restitutio ad integrum is possible.
PubMed: 37511825
DOI: 10.3390/life13071450 -
BMJ Case Reports Apr 2015We describe the rare occurrence of an Actinomyces meyeri cerebral abscess in a 55-year-old woman following a dental extraction. This patient presented with a 2-day...
We describe the rare occurrence of an Actinomyces meyeri cerebral abscess in a 55-year-old woman following a dental extraction. This patient presented with a 2-day history of hemisensory loss, hyper-reflexia and retro-orbital headache, 7 days following a dental extraction for apical peridonitis. Neuroimaging showed a large left parietal abscess with surrounding empyema. The patient underwent craniotomy and drainage of the abscess. A. meyeri was cultured. Actinomycosis is a rare cause of cerebral abscess. The A. meyeri subtype is particularly rare, accounting for less than 1% of specimens. This case describes an unusually brief course of the disease, which is usually insidious. Parietal lobe involvement is unusual as cerebral abscesses usually have a predilection for the frontal and temporal regions of the brain. Although there are no randomised trials to guide therapy, current consensus is to use a prolonged course of intravenous antibiotics, followed by 6-12 months of oral therapy.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brain Abscess; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; Headache; Humans; Middle Aged; Radiography; Tooth Extraction; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25870213
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-207548 -
European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry Sep 2016To compare the composition of the salivary microbiota in caries-affected vs. caries-free mutans streptococci (MS)- positive children with mixed dentition. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
AIM
To compare the composition of the salivary microbiota in caries-affected vs. caries-free mutans streptococci (MS)- positive children with mixed dentition.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty eight healthy, 11-12-year-old schoolchildren with high MS counts (>10⊃5 CFU/mL) were included in this study. The children were screened with the Dentocult SM Strip Mutans test (Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland) and examined using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The microbial composition of the saliva was assessed using the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM). Microbial differences between caries-affected (n=18) and caries-free children (n=10) were compared by Mann-Whitney analysis.
RESULTS
The microbiota of the caries-affected vs. caries-free children was rather similar. Abiotrophia defectiva and Actinomyces meyeri/A. odontolyticus were significantly higher in caries-affected than in caries-free children (p=0.006, 0.046, respectively). Shuttleworthia satelles was significantly higher in caries-free compared to caries-affected children (p=0.031). A. defectiva and A. meyeri/A. odontolyticus correlated positively with caries severity measured by ICDAS Caries Index (p = 0.494, 0.454, 0.400 respectively) while S. satelles was negatively correlated with caries severity (p= -0.489).
CONCLUSIONS
Salivary A. defectiva and A. meyeri/A. odontolyticus and are associated with caries occurrence in MS-positive children with mixed dentition.
Topics: Abiotrophia; Actinomyces; Actinomycetaceae; Bacterial Load; Carnobacteriaceae; Child; DMF Index; Dental Caries; Dentition, Mixed; Gemella; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Saliva; Streptococcus; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 27759406
DOI: No ID Found