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Clinical Pediatrics Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Empyema; Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycosis
PubMed: 37698129
DOI: 10.1177/00099228231200090 -
BMJ Case Reports Feb 2022We describe the presentation of a 72-year-old woman with concurrent diagnoses of lung adenocarcinoma in conjunction with disseminated A infection; a rare pathogen which...
We describe the presentation of a 72-year-old woman with concurrent diagnoses of lung adenocarcinoma in conjunction with disseminated A infection; a rare pathogen which can mimic lung cancer both symptomatically and radiologically. The patient was found to have a pelvic mass initially presumed to be cervical metastases-later confirmed to be of xanthogranulomatous inflammatory origin following transvaginal ultrasound-guided biopsy. The pathogenic cause, identified following pleural aspirate, being a fully sensitive infection; treated with prolonged course amoxicillin.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycosis; Aged; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms
PubMed: 35135804
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-247577 -
Respiratory Medicine Case Reports 2017is a rare pathogen and an infrequent cause of human actinomycosis. Less than ten cases were reported in the English-literature to date concerning empyema. We herein...
is a rare pathogen and an infrequent cause of human actinomycosis. Less than ten cases were reported in the English-literature to date concerning empyema. We herein report a case to promote the awareness and adequate management of the disease. A 44-year-old immunocompetent male with known pulmonary disease was diagnosed with an empyema. He underwent chest tube drainage and a short-term treatment with clindamycin for 4 months. This is the first report of a patient with structural pulmonary disease with an empyema treated with 4-month of clindamycin and chest tube drainage. In comparison to previous reports, our case was diagnosed early, empyema was effectively drained with one chest tube and symptoms and radiological findings were rapidly improved. Short-term antibiotic treatment can be well succeeded if an early diagnosis is made, there is no evidence of dissemination and adequate management is promptly instituted.
PubMed: 28879077
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2017.08.010 -
Clinical Oral Implants Research Oct 2014To examine the microbial diversity associated with implants with or without peri-implantitis and to identify differences between the bacterial communities in these...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
To examine the microbial diversity associated with implants with or without peri-implantitis and to identify differences between the bacterial communities in these clinical conditions.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Twenty subjects were assigned to a Control group consisting of subjects with healthy implants and a Test group consisting of subjects with peri-implantitis sites, as well as a healthy implant site (n = 10/group). In the Test group, subgingival biofilm samples were taken from the deepest sites of the diseased implant. In both groups, samples were collected from one site around a healthy implant. DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced, and the phylotypes were identified by comparison with known 16S rRNA sequences.
RESULTS
The phylogenetic identity of 1387 16S rRNA gene clones was determined. Healthy implants demonstrated higher proportions of Actinomyces, Atopobium, Gemella, Kingella and Rothia and lower levels of Campylobacter, Desulfobulbus, Dialister, Eubacterium, Filifactor, Mitsukella, Porphyromonas and Pseudoramibacter (Mann-Whitney U-test; P < 0.05). Fusobacterium nucleatum, Dialister invisus, Streptococcus sp. human oral taxon (HOT) 064, Filifactor alocis and Mitsuokella sp. HOT 131 presented a higher mean proportion, while Veillonella dispar, Actinomyces meyeri, Granulicatella adiacens showed lower mean proportions in the peri-implantitis sites when compared with healthy implants in both the Control and Test groups (Mann-Whitney U-test; P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Marked differences were observed in the composition of the subgingival biofilm between healthy and diseased implants. The biofilm associated with peri-implantitis harbored more pathogenic bacterial species from the orange complex and other "unusual" putative pathogens, such as F. alocis, D. invisus and Mitsuokella sp. HOT 131.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Load; Bacteriological Techniques; Biofilms; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peri-Implantitis; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 23845046
DOI: 10.1111/clr.12231 -
EBioMedicine Dec 2021Little is known about chronic cannabis smoking-associated oral microbiome and its effects on central nervous system (CNS) functions.
BACKGROUND
Little is known about chronic cannabis smoking-associated oral microbiome and its effects on central nervous system (CNS) functions.
METHODS
In the current study, we have analyzed the saliva microbiome in individuals who chronically smoked cannabis with cannabis use disorder (n = 16) and in non-smoking controls (n = 27). The saliva microbiome was analyzed using microbial 16S rRNA sequencing. To investigate the function of cannabis use-associated oral microbiome, mice were orally inoculated with live Actinomyces meyeri, Actinomyces odontolyticus, or Neisseria elongata twice per week for six months, which mimicked human conditions.
FINDINGS
We found that cannabis smoking in humans was associated with oral microbial dysbiosis. The most increased oral bacteria were Streptococcus and Actinomyces genus and the most decreased bacteria were Neisseria genus in chronic cannabis smokers compared to those in non-smokers. Among the distinct species bacteria in cannabis smokers, the enrichment of Actinomyces meyeri was inversely associated with the age of first cannabis smoking. Strikingly, oral exposure of Actinomyces meyeri, an oral pathobiont, but not the other two control bacteria, decreased global activity, increased macrophage infiltration, and increased β-amyloid 42 protein production in the mouse brains.
INTERPRETATION
This is the first study to reveal that long-term oral cannabis exposure is associated oral enrichment of Actinomyces meyeri and its contributions to CNS abnormalities.
Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Bacteria; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Cell Line; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Macrophages; Marijuana Smoking; Mice; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 34826801
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103701 -
Cureus Aug 2023Actinomycosis is a chronic, indolent, granulomatous disease process caused by the genus of bacteria. More severe forms of actinomycosis include disseminated or central...
Actinomycosis is a chronic, indolent, granulomatous disease process caused by the genus of bacteria. More severe forms of actinomycosis include disseminated or central nervous system (CNS) infections. is the most common species of isolated from brain abscesses. species is commonly associated with skin and soft tissue abscesses. However, it rarely causes brain abscesses. We present an unusual case of brain abscess in a 69-year-old female who presented with acute encephalopathy and bilateral lower extremity weakness. She was diagnosed with left-sided mastoiditis with intracranial extension, left posterior fossa epidural abscess, and transverse sinus thrombosis. The patient's hospital course was complicated by hydrocephalus and declining neurological status. Empiric antimicrobial therapy was initiated, and the patient underwent mastoidectomy and external ventricular drain placement followed by decompression craniotomy and subarachnoid abscess aspiration. Given her poor and unchanged neurologic status, the patient was transitioned to comfort-oriented measures after shared decision-making with the family. It is crucial to identify as a causal agent of severe CNS infections like brain abscesses, meningoencephalitis, or subdural empyema, as untreated infections can lead to irreversible neurologic complications.
PubMed: 37664255
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42868 -
Medicina Clinica Oct 2014
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Brain Abscess; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parietal Lobe
PubMed: 24456920
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2013.11.020 -
Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine 2018Recently, it is reported that is the most common species causing actinomycosis. However, to our knowledge, there was no report about pulmonary actinomycosis...
BACKGROUND
Recently, it is reported that is the most common species causing actinomycosis. However, to our knowledge, there was no report about pulmonary actinomycosis attributable to presenting as cardiac tamponade.
CASE PRESENTATION
Hereby we describe a case of pulmonary actinomycosis attributable to presenting as cardiac tamponade. At first, the patient was diagnosed with bacterial pericarditis with lung abscess in the left lower lung lobe and underwent pericardial drainage. Three days after the removal of the drainage tube, atrial fibrillation followed by cardiac arrest with asystole occurred and immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation restored his circulation. Thereafter, he underwent pneumocentesis of the lung abscess and the culture grew . He was successfully treated with penicillin G.
CONCLUSION
This is the first case of pulmonary actinomycosis attributable to presenting as cardiac tamponade. We believe that an increased awareness of the disease is necessary to expedite diagnosis therefore minimizing morbidity and mortality.
PubMed: 29946465
DOI: 10.1186/s40248-018-0132-9 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2022The modulators of severe COVID-19 have emerged as the most intriguing features of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. This is especially true as we are encountering variants of...
Increased Abundance of Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Bacillus cereus in Upper Airway Transcriptionally Active Microbiome of COVID-19 Mortality Patients Indicates Role of Co-Infections in Disease Severity and Outcome.
The modulators of severe COVID-19 have emerged as the most intriguing features of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. This is especially true as we are encountering variants of concern (VOC) with increased transmissibility and vaccination breakthroughs. Microbial co-infections are being investigated as one of the crucial factors for exacerbation of disease severity and complications of COVID-19. A key question remains whether early transcriptionally active microbial signature/s in COVID-19 patients can provide a window for future disease severity susceptibility and outcome? Using complementary metagenomics sequencing approaches, respiratory virus oligo panel (RVOP) and Holo-seq, our study highlights the possible functional role of nasopharyngeal early resident transcriptionally active microbes in modulating disease severity, within recovered patients with sub-phenotypes (mild, moderate, severe) and mortality. The integrative analysis combines patients' clinical parameters, SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetic analysis, microbial differential composition, and their functional role. The clinical sub-phenotypes analysis led to the identification of transcriptionally active bacterial species associated with disease severity. We found significant transcript abundance of Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Bacillus cereus in the mortality, Leptotrichia buccalis in the severe, Veillonella parvula in the moderate, and Actinomyces meyeri and sp. in the mild COVID-19 patients. Additionally, the metabolic pathways, distinguishing the microbial functional signatures between the clinical sub-phenotypes, were also identified. We report a plausible mechanism wherein the increased transcriptionally active bacterial isolates might contribute to enhanced inflammatory response and co-infections that could modulate the disease severity in these groups. Current study provides an opportunity for potentially using these bacterial species for screening and identifying COVID-19 patient sub-groups with severe disease outcome and priority medical care. COVID-19 is invariably a disease of diverse clinical manifestation, with multiple facets involved in modulating the progression and outcome. In this regard, we investigated the role of transcriptionally active microbial co-infections as possible modulators of disease pathology in hospital admitted SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Specifically, can there be early nasopharyngeal microbial signatures indicative of prospective disease severity? Based on disease severity symptoms, the patients were segregated into clinical sub-phenotypes: mild, moderate, severe (recovered), and mortality. We identified significant presence of transcriptionally active isolates, Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Bacillus cereus in the mortality patients. Importantly, the bacterial species might contribute toward enhancing the inflammatory responses as well as reported to be resistant to common antibiotic therapy, which together hold potential to alter the disease severity and outcome.
Topics: Achromobacter denitrificans; Bacillus cereus; COVID-19; Coinfection; Humans; Microbiota; Phylogeny; Prospective Studies; SARS-CoV-2; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 35579429
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02311-21 -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2022Brain abscess is a very rare condition but has a significant mortality rate. The three main routes of inoculation are trauma, contiguous focus, and the hematogenous...
Brain abscess is a very rare condition but has a significant mortality rate. The three main routes of inoculation are trauma, contiguous focus, and the hematogenous route. The odontogenic focus is infrequent and is usually a diagnosis of exclusion. This paper presents a brain abscess case proven to be of dental origin, caused by and . This case highlights the risk underlying untreated dental disease and why oral infectious foci removal and good oral health are essential in primary care.
PubMed: 35028163
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5140259