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Journal of Oral Biosciences Jun 2023Graphene oxide (GO) is a nanocarbon material with a high aspect ratio (width:thickness) and abundant anionic functional groups on its surface. In this study, we attached...
OBJECTIVES
Graphene oxide (GO) is a nanocarbon material with a high aspect ratio (width:thickness) and abundant anionic functional groups on its surface. In this study, we attached GO to the surface of medical gauze fibers, constructed a complex with a cationic surface active agent (CSAA), and demonstrated that the treated gauze exhibits antibacterial activity even after rinsing with water.
METHODS
Medical gauze was immersed in GO dispersion (0.001%, 0.01%, and 0.1%), rinsed with water, dried, and subjected to the Raman spectroscopy analysis. Subsequently, the gauze treated with 0.001% GO dispersion was immersed in 0.1% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) solution, immediately rinsed with water, and dried. Untreated, GO-only, and CPC-only gauzes were prepared for comparison. Each gauze was placed in a culture well, seeded with Escherichia coli or Actinomyces naeslundii, and turbidity was measured after 24 h of incubation.
RESULTS
The Raman spectroscopy analysis of the gauze after immersion and rinsing showed a G band peak, indicating that GO remained on the surface of the gauze. The turbidity measurements indicated that GO/CPC-treated gauze (GO-treated and rinsed, followed by CPC-treatment and rinsing) significantly decreased turbidity compared to the other gauzes (P < 0.05), suggesting that the GO/CPC complex remained on the gauze fibers even after water rinsing and showed antibacterial activity.
CONCLUSIONS
The GO/CPC complex imparts water-resistant antibacterial properties to gauze and has the potential to be widely used for the antimicrobial treatment of clothes.
Topics: Cetylpyridinium; Water; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36809828
DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.02.002 -
Microorganisms Jul 2023Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard...
Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues. Despite scientific advances in cariology, dental caries remains a severe global concern. The aim of this study was to determine the optimization of microbial and molecular techniques for the detection of cariogenic pathogens in dental caries patients, the prevalence of cariogenic bacteria on the basis of socioeconomic, climatological, and hygienic factors, and in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of selected synthetic antibiotics and herbal extracts. In this study, oral samples were collected from 900 patients for bacterial strain screening on a biochemical and molecular basis. Plant extracts, such as ginger, garlic, neem, tulsi, amla, and aloe vera, were used to check the antimicrobial activity against the isolated strains. Synthetic antimicrobial agents, such as penicillin, amoxicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, metronidazole, doxycycline, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, were also used to access the antimicrobial activity. Among 900 patients, 63% were males and 37% were females, patients aged between 36 and 58 (45.7%) years were prone to disease, and the most common symptom was toothache (61%). For oral diseases, 21% used herbs, 36% used antibiotics, and 48% were self-medicated, owing to sweets consumption (60.66%) and fizzy drinks and fast food (51.56%). (29.11%) and (28.11%) were found as the most abundant strains. Seven bacterial strains were successfully screened and predicted to be closely related to genera , , , , , , and . Among plant extracts, the maximum zone of inhibition was recorded by ginger (22.36 mm) and amla (20.01 mm), while among synthetic antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were most effective against all microbes. This study concluded that phyto extracts of ginger and amla were considered suitable alternatives to synthetic antibiotics to treat dental diseases.
PubMed: 37630520
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081952 -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2015Actinomyces rarely causes endocarditis with 25 well-described cases reported in the literature in the past 75 years. We present a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis...
Actinomyces rarely causes endocarditis with 25 well-described cases reported in the literature in the past 75 years. We present a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) caused by Actinomyces naeslundii. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of endocarditis due to this organism and the second report of PVE caused by Actinomyces.
PubMed: 26697243
DOI: 10.1155/2015/602462 -
Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Apr 2017In this study, titanium (Ti) was modified with biofunctional and novel surface by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and glow discharge plasma (GDP) and we tested the development...
In this study, titanium (Ti) was modified with biofunctional and novel surface by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and glow discharge plasma (GDP) and we tested the development of a three-species periodontopatogenic biofilm onto the treated commercially-pure titanium (cpTi) surfaces. Machined and sandblasted surfaces were used as control group. Several techniques for surface characterizations and monoculture on bone tissue cells were performed. A multispecies biofilm composed of Streptococcus sanguinis, Actinomyces naeslundii and Fusobacterium nucleatum was developed onto cpTi discs for 16.5h (early biofilm) and 64.5h (mature biofilm). The number of viable microorganisms and the composition of the extracellular matrix (proteins and carbohydrates) were determined. The biofilm organization was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In addition, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on the Ti surfaces and cell proliferation (MTT) and morphology (SEM) were assessed. MAO treatment produced oxide films rich in calcium and phosphorus with a volcano appearance while GDP treatment produced silicon-based smooth thin-film. Plasma treatments were able to increase the wettability of cpTi (p<0.05). An increase of surface roughness (p<0.05) and formation of anatase and rutile structures was noted after MAO treatment. GDP had the greatest surface free energy (p<0.05) while maintaining the surface roughness compared to the machined control (p>0.05). Plasma treatment did not affect the viable microorganisms counts, but the counts of F. nucleatum was lower for MAO treatment at early biofilm phase. Biofilm extracellular matrix was similar among the groups, excepted for GDP that presented the lowest protein content. Moreover, cell proliferation was not significantly affected by the experimental, except for MAO at 6days that resulted in an increased cell proliferative. Together, these findings indicate that plasma treatments are a viable and promising technology to treat bone-integrated dental implants as the new surfaces displayed improved mechanical and biological properties with no increase in biofilm proliferation.
Topics: Actinomyces; Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Biocompatible Materials; Biofilms; Cell Line; Dental Implants; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Mice; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Microscopy, Confocal; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Oxidation-Reduction; Streptococcus sanguis; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 28131960
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.01.035 -
IDCases 2020Pott's puffy tumor is characterized by forehead swelling from subperiosteal abscess and frontal bone osteomyelitis. It is encountered mainly in children; rarely in...
Pott's puffy tumor is characterized by forehead swelling from subperiosteal abscess and frontal bone osteomyelitis. It is encountered mainly in children; rarely in adults. When it does occur in the latter population, the most common risk factors include head trauma, sinusitis, or cocaine abuse. Generally, the organisms thought to be involved include streptococci, staphylococci and oral anaerobic flora. We present a case of a 53 year old female who presented with forehead swelling of 3 month duration after a dental procedure, found to be secondary to . Actinomyces is a very rare etiology of this disease and has been reported only twice earlier in the literature. We present an uncommon infectious disease along with summary of clinical characteristics of this entity in the adult population.
PubMed: 33033689
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00974 -
Folia Medica Oct 2022Pimpinellaanisum is a medicinal plant with antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-oxidative properties. Limited studies have assessed the antibacterial properties of...
Pimpinellaanisum is a medicinal plant with antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-oxidative properties. Limited studies have assessed the antibacterial properties of Pimpinellaanisum on oral and dental pathogens.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Enterococcus faecalis; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Pimpinella; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Oils, Volatile
PubMed: 36876532
DOI: 10.3897/folmed.64.e64714 -
Microorganisms Oct 2021This study evaluated the microbial colonization (adhesion and biofilm) on modified surfaces of a titanium alloy, Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta, anodized with Ca and P or F ions, with...
This study evaluated the microbial colonization (adhesion and biofilm) on modified surfaces of a titanium alloy, Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta, anodized with Ca and P or F ions, with and without silver deposition. The chemical composition, surface topography, roughness (Ra), and surface free energy were evaluated before and after the surface modifications (anodizing). Adhesion and biofilm formation on saliva-coated discs by primary colonizing species (, , ) and a periodontal pathogen () were assessed. The surfaces of titanium alloys were modified after anodizing with volcano-shaped micropores with Ca and P or nanosized with F, both with further silver deposition. There was an increase in the Ra values after micropores formation; CaP surfaces became more hydrophilic than other surfaces, showing the highest polar component. For adhesion, no difference was detected for on all surfaces, and some differences were observed for the other three species. No differences were found for biofilm formation per species on all surfaces. However, biofilm counts on distinct surfaces were lower than , , and on some surfaces. Therefore, anodized Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta affected microbial adhesion and subsequent biofilm, but silver deposition did not hinder the colonization of these microorganisms.
PubMed: 34683474
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102154 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020In view of increasing resistance against antibiotics and antiseptics, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) may be a promising approach for use in dentistry. The aim...
INTRODUCTION
In view of increasing resistance against antibiotics and antiseptics, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) may be a promising approach for use in dentistry. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of aPDT with the phenalene-1-one derivatives SAPYR and SA-PN-05 as photosensitizers by evaluating bacterial ability to replicate, membrane integrity, metabolic activity, and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biofilms of , , and .
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Single-species biofilms (, , and ) were cultured under aerobic conditions for 48 h followed by treatment with the photosensitizers SAPYR and SA-PN-05 at various concentrations (0, 50, 100, 500 μM) and different incubation periods of 5, 10, 20, and 30 min and subsequent irradiation for 10 min (Waldmann PIB 3000; λ = 360-600 nm; 50 mW/cm; 30 J/cm). Control samples were treated with dHO and kept in dark for the same periods. Bacterial ability to replicate was evaluated by colony forming unit (CFU) assay. The cytoplasmic membrane integrity was investigated by flow cytometry using SYBR Green and propidium iodide and visualized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. For SAPYR, metabolic activity and formation of intracellular ROS after irradiation were evaluated via luminescence and fluorometric assays, respectively.
RESULTS
SAPYR showed antimicrobial effects (>3 log CFU reduction) on after 5 min and on after 20 min incubation and light activation. For , CFU reduction was >2 log after 30 min of incubation. SA-PN-05 showed an antimicrobial effect after 5 min for all bacteria. Membrane damage upon aPDT with SAPYR was observed for , but not for and . Following treatment with SA-PN-05, irradiated samples and dark controls of all three species showed loss of membrane integrity. Luminescence and fluorometric assays showed a reduction in metabolic activity and an increase in formation of intracellular ROS in all three species upon aPDT treatment with SAPYR.
CONCLUSION
The observed loss in ability to replicate upon aPDT with SAPYR in single-species biofilms may be due to an increase in formation of intracellular ROS upon photodynamic treatment.
PubMed: 33193252
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.589364 -
PloS One 2018The aim of this study was to evaluate the carious status and the microbial profiles of supragingival plaque in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the carious status and the microbial profiles of supragingival plaque in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.
METHODS
This study included 30 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis as well as 30 control subjects. Dental examination was performed and the decayed-missing-filled-teeth was recorded. Supragingival plaque was taken and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon by Illumina MiSeq sequencing to detect microbial composition and community diversity and structure.
RESULTS
The level of decayed-missing-filled-teeth was higher in the hemodialysis group than that in the control group. Microbial analysis showed a decrease in α diversity and a increase in relative abundance and prevalence of many acidogenic and aciduric caries related species in the supragingival plaque samples of the hemodialysis patients, including Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus vaginalis, Scardovia wiggsiae F0424, and Actinomyces naeslundii.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggested that the hemodialysis patients were more susceptible to caries. More attentions for caries prevention and treatment should be paid to improve their life quality, and even to reduce their cardiovascular events and survival.
Topics: Adult; Bacterial Load; Biodiversity; Case-Control Studies; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 30300382
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204674 -
Journal of Endodontics Nov 2023The extrusion of bacteria from infected root canals may lead to increase in symptoms, expansion of periapical lesions, and contribution to systemic diseases. The aim of...
INTRODUCTION
The extrusion of bacteria from infected root canals may lead to increase in symptoms, expansion of periapical lesions, and contribution to systemic diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate a potential proof-of-concept model to study the extent to which bacteria can escape from infected root canals under dynamic loading (simulated chewing).
METHODS
The study was completed in 2 experiments performed at 2 institutions. Biofilms of Streptococcus intermedius in the first experiment and S. intermedius and Actinomyces naeslundii were allowed to grow in root canals of single-rooted extracted teeth for 3 weeks. The roots of the teeth were suspended in a small chamber containing dental transport medium and were mounted on a lower sample holder of a chewing simulator. In the experimental group, simulated chewing cycles equivalent to 1 year of function were conducted, and then bacterial migration was quantified and compared with stationary teeth.
RESULTS
All experimental samples of the loading group revealed bacterial penetration in both experiments. Several of the unloaded samples revealed no bacterial penetration. In the first experiment, a significantly higher number of bacteria were able to escape into the periapex of the loaded group compared with the unloaded group (P = .017). In the second experiment, there was no significant difference between the 2 bacterial species used in the amount of extruded bacteria; however, there was a highly significant effect for occlusal loading (P = .0001).
CONCLUSIONS
The potential for occlusal forces to enhance bacterial extrusion from infected root canals should be further explored.
Topics: Dental Pulp Cavity; Humans; Mastication; Biofilms; Actinomyces; Streptococcus intermedius; In Vitro Techniques
PubMed: 37611655
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.08.008