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Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical... 2021This study is aimed to test the efficacy of C-10 Massoia lactone in oral polymicrobial degradation. Polymicrobial of , , , and were studied. C-10 Massoia lactone...
This study is aimed to test the efficacy of C-10 Massoia lactone in oral polymicrobial degradation. Polymicrobial of , , , and were studied. C-10 Massoia lactone against biofilm degradation was investigated using modified crystal violet for biofilm staining. The effectiveness of C-10 Massoia lactone against biofilms was calculated by the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and the minimum value of biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). Scanning electron microscope was used to study biofilm cell viability and morphological changes. The results showed a degradation effect of C-10 Massoia lactone against mature oral polymicrobial at 0.25% v/v. C-10 Massoia lactone can degrade polymicrobial biofilms of , , and . This compound can destroy the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of polymicrobial biofilms. The potential application of C-10 Massoia lactone for anti-polymicrobial medication should be applied in such a way that any negative effects are minimized. Further research is needed to confirm the findings of this study.
PubMed: 33532362
DOI: 10.4103/japtr.JAPTR_105_20 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2023Dental caries is a dynamic and composite process. The multifactorial etio-pathogenesis thus influences the initiation and the progression of the disease. The prime...
OBJECTIVES
Dental caries is a dynamic and composite process. The multifactorial etio-pathogenesis thus influences the initiation and the progression of the disease. The prime pathogenic bacterium includes sp . The purpose of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial property of the test herbal extracts and also their effects on the human oral keratinocytes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The bacterial strains (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC]-25175); (ATCC 4356) and (ATCC 15987) were cultured in the specific culture media-Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin, Man Rogosa Sharpe and Enrichment media, respectively. The test extracts were exposed to the cultured plates and the mean zone of inhibition was measured. The test herbal extracts were also tested for deleterious effects on oral keratinocytes via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Independent Student's -test and analysis of variances were performed.-25175); Lactobacillus species (ATCC 4356) and A. viscosus (ATCC 15987) were cultured in the specific culture media-Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin, Man Rogosa Sharpe and Enrichment media, respectively. The test extracts were exposed to the cultured plates and the mean zone of inhibition was measured. The test herbal extracts were also tested for deleterious effects on oral keratinocytes via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Independent Student's -test and analysis of variances were performed.
RESULTS
The extracts of , and linn inhibited the growth of bacteria and the antimicrobial effect was found to be statistically significant at the neat/standard concentration (100 μg/ml). The three extracts showed a cell viability range 96%-99% indicating that the test extracts did not produce or display any deleterious effects on the oral keratinocytes.
CONCLUSIONS
The three test herbal extracts possess effective anti-cariogenic properties with near par with the efficacy of chlorhexidine and proved to be the most potent. The extracts at different concentrations also proved to be safe, noncytotoxic producing a range of 96%-99% of cell viability of the oral keratinocytes.
PubMed: 37234333
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_151_21 -
The Canadian Journal of Infectious... 2022In dental treatments, the reason for secondary caries and the failure of root canal treatment is the microbial infection, which concerns most dentists. The challenge of...
INTRODUCTION
In dental treatments, the reason for secondary caries and the failure of root canal treatment is the microbial infection, which concerns most dentists. The challenge of how to reduce the number of bacteria at the filling materials and the number of residual bacteria in the root canal has become a research hotspot. In this study, the bacterial adhesion properties of several common dental materials were compared to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of antibacterial properties of dental materials. . Three commonly used dental restorative materials and five sealers in root canal treatment were selected. Each material block was immersed in the corresponding supragingival ( and ) or subgingival ( and ) bacterial solution and cultured under anaerobic conditions at 37°C for 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h. The adhesion of bacteria was observed, and the number of different bacteria adhering to various material model disks was calculated at different time intervals under a scanning electron microscope. The adherent CFU load of the materials was determined by colony counting.
RESULTS
and exhibited the strongest adhesion ability to the resin material blocks. and exhibited the highest adhesion ability to the AH-Plus sealer block.
CONCLUSIONS
In dental treatments, dental materials should be selected based on the chemical, physical, and biological properties of materials. In addition, it is necessary to develop new antibacterial dental materials.
PubMed: 35959001
DOI: 10.1155/2022/9595067 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2022The cross-kingdom interactions between Candida albicans and Actinomyces viscosus play critical roles in root caries. However, the key pathway by which C. albicans...
The cross-kingdom interactions between Candida albicans and Actinomyces viscosus play critical roles in root caries. However, the key pathway by which C. albicans regulates its interactions with A. viscosus is unclear. Here, we first employed 39 volunteers with root caries and 37 caries-free volunteers, and found that the abundances of C. albicans and A. viscosus were significantly increased in the individuals with root caries and showed a strong positive correlation. Their dual-species combination synergistically promoted biofilm formation and root caries in rats. The arginine biosynthesis pathway of C. albicans was significantly upregulated in dual-species biofilms and dental plaques from another 10 root caries volunteers compared with the 10 caries-free volunteers. The exogenous addition of arginine increased the cariogenicity of the dual-species biofilm. The C. albicans , a key gene from the arginine biosynthesis pathway, null mutant failed to promote dual-species biofilm formation and root caries in rats; however, the addition of arginine restored its synergistic actions with A. viscosus. Our results identified the critical roles of the C. albicans arginine biosynthesis pathway in its cross-kingdom interactions with A. viscosus for the first time and indicated that targeting this pathway was a practical way to treat root caries caused by multiple species. Root caries is a critical problem that threatens the oral health of the elderly population. Our results identified the essential roles of the C. albicans arginine biosynthesis pathway in its cross-kingdom interactions with A. viscosus in root caries for the first time and indicated that targeting this pathway was a practical way to treat root caries caused by multiple species.
Topics: Actinomyces viscosus; Aged; Animals; Arginine; Biofilms; Candida albicans; Dental Caries; Humans; Rats; Root Caries
PubMed: 35862976
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00782-22 -
Polish Journal of Microbiology 2018This study compared the outcome of photosensitization on the viability of four different cariogens in planktonic form as well as biofilms in human dentine. Photodynamic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This study compared the outcome of photosensitization on the viability of four different cariogens in planktonic form as well as biofilms in human dentine. Photodynamic therapy was carried out with a gallium aluminium arsenide laser (670 nm wavelength) using Toluidine blue O (TBO) as the photosensitizer. Cariogenic bacteria ( Streptococcus mutans , Lactobacillus casei , Streptococcus salivarius and Actinomyces viscosus ) were exposed to TBO and then to the laser for 1 minute in planktonic suspension. Then, tooth slices previously incubated for 24 hours with broth cultures of broth culture of the four cariogenic organisms were exposed to antimicrobial photosensitization. The control samples consisted of planktonic and sessile cells that were exposed to TBO alone, laser alone and the bacterial cells that were not treated with TBO or laser. The results showed significant reductions in the viability of S. mutans , L. casei and A. viscosus in both planktonic form (to 13%, 30%, and 55%, respectively) and sessile form hosted in dentinal tubules (to 19%, 13% and 52%, respectively), relative to the controls. S. salivarius was the least affected in planktonic (94% viability) and sessile form (86% viability). In conclusion, sensitivity to photosensitization is species-dependent and sessile biofilm cells are affected to the same extent as their planktonic counterparts. This study compared the outcome of photosensitization on the viability of four different cariogens in planktonic form as well as biofilms in human dentine. Photodynamic therapy was carried out with a gallium aluminium arsenide laser (670 nm wavelength) using Toluidine blue O (TBO) as the photosensitizer. Cariogenic bacteria (, , and ) were exposed to TBO and then to the laser for 1 minute in planktonic suspension. Then, tooth slices previously incubated for 24 hours with broth cultures of broth culture of the four cariogenic organisms were exposed to antimicrobial photosensitization. The control samples consisted of planktonic and sessile cells that were exposed to TBO alone, laser alone and the bacterial cells that were not treated with TBO or laser. The results showed significant reductions in the viability of , and in both planktonic form (to 13%, 30%, and 55%, respectively) and sessile form hosted in dentinal tubules (to 19%, 13% and 52%, respectively), relative to the controls. was the least affected in planktonic (94% viability) and sessile form (86% viability). In conclusion, sensitivity to photosensitization is species-dependent and sessile biofilm cells are affected to the same extent as their planktonic counterparts.
Topics: Adult; Biofilms; Dental Caries; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Microbial Viability; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus salivarius; Tolonium Chloride; Tooth; Young Adult
PubMed: 30550231
DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-053 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2019The Ayurvedic system of medicine is popular in India and has gone through various change and remains as the mainstay of medical relief to a large population. Dental...
INTRODUCTION
The Ayurvedic system of medicine is popular in India and has gone through various change and remains as the mainstay of medical relief to a large population. Dental caries is the one of the major issue in the recent time, and there is no definite caries prevention method so far apart from Topical fluoride application, regular oral hygiene measures, pit and fissure sealants and diet measure. In spite of the above mentioned preventive measures the people are still prone to dental caries. In order to find a better solution the present study evaluates the antimicrobial properties widely available and cost effective herbal extracts of Solanum xanthocarpum and Pistacia lentiscus extract on cariogenic oral microbial flora.
AIM
To Evaluate the Antimicrobial properties of Solanum xanthocarpum and Pistacia lentiscus extracts on cariogenic oral microbial flora.
METHODOLOGY
The antimicrobial properties of Solanum xanthocarpum and Pistacia lentiscus extracts on cariogenic oral microbial flora (streptococcus mutans, lactobacillus, actinomyces viscosus) by different culture techniques to estimate the zone of inhibition (well diffusion method) and minimum inhibitory concentration (tube dilution method).
RESULTS
The antimicrobial efficacy of Solanum xanthocarpum and Pistacia lentiscus on test bacteria were analysed using kurskal wallis test and values of 0.003 and 0.002 were obtained respectively, since the values were less than 0.005, indicating that both herbal products possess statistically significant antimicrobial properties.
CONCLUSION
The antimicrobial effects of the herbal extracts were almost on par with commercially available allopathic agents like chlorhexidine on oral cariogenic microbes. The efficacy should be further validated in a large scale studies and can be utilized for caries prevention in the form of mouth rinses, dentifrices and topical application in the future.
PubMed: 31942118
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_30_19 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Actinomycetes can colonize surfaces of tools and equipment and can be transferred to meat and meat products during manufacture, processing, handling, and storage....
Screening, molecular identification, population diversity, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Actinomycetes species isolated from meat and meat products of slaughterhouses, restaurants, and meat stores of a developing country, Iran.
INTRODUCTION
Actinomycetes can colonize surfaces of tools and equipment and can be transferred to meat and meat products during manufacture, processing, handling, and storage. Moreover, washing the meat does not eliminate the microorganisms; it only spreads them. As a result, these opportunistic pathogens can enter the human body and cause various infections. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to screen, identify, and determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Actinomycetes species from meat and meat products in the Markazi province of Iran.
METHODS
A total of 60 meat and meat product samples, including minced meat, mutton, beef, chicken, hamburgers, and sausages, were collected from slaughterhouses, butchers, and restaurants in the Markazi province of Iran. The samples were analyzed using standard microbiological protocols for the isolation and characterization of Actinomycetes. PCR amplification of hsp65 and 16SrRNA genes and sequence analysis of 16SrRNA were used for genus and species identification. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobial agents were determined by the broth microdilution method and interpreted according to the CLSI guidelines.
RESULTS
A total of 21 (35%) Actinomycetes isolates from 5 genera and 12 species were isolated from 60 samples. The most prevalent Actinomycetes were from the genus , with six (28.6%) isolates (, , , and ), followed by the genus with five (23.8%) isolates ( and ), the genus Actinomyces with four (19.1%) isolates (), the genus with four (19.1%) isolates (, , and ), and the genus with two (9.5%) isolates (). Chicken and sausage samples had the highest and lowest levels of contamination, with six and one isolates. Respectively, the results of drug susceptibility testing (DST) showed that all isolates were susceptible to Ofloxacin, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Levofloxacin, whereas all of them were resistant to Doxycycline and Rifampicin.
DISCUSSION
The findings suggest that meat and meat products play an important role as a reservoir for the transmission of Actinomycetes to humans, thus causing life-threatening foodborne diseases such as gastrointestinal and cutaneous disorders. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate basic hygiene measures into the cycle of meat production to ensure food safety.
PubMed: 37520382
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1134368 -
Anaerobe Aug 2022Periodontitis is a pathology resulting from complex interaction of microorganisms in the dental biofilm with the host's immune system. Increased use of antibiotics...
OBJECTIVES
Periodontitis is a pathology resulting from complex interaction of microorganisms in the dental biofilm with the host's immune system. Increased use of antibiotics associated with their inappropriate use has increased resistance levels in anaerobic bacteria. Therefore, identifying new antimicrobial compounds, such as chalcones, is urgent. This study evaluates the antibacterial activity and the antibiofilm activity of 15 chalcones against the periodontopathogenic bacteria Prevotella nigrescens (ATCC 33563), P. oralis (ATCC 33269), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (ATCC 27337), Actinomyces viscosus (ATCC 43146), Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (ATCC 25260), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC 25586).
METHODS
The compounds were evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) tests.
RESULTS
Compounds 1-6 showed good antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against most of the evaluated bacteria: MIC was lower than or equal to 6.25 μg/mL, biofilm biomass was reduced by 95%, and the compounds at concentrations between 0.78 and 100 μg/mL totally inhibited cell viability. Among the tested chalcones, 3 stood out: it was effective against all the bacteria, as revealed by the MIC and MBIC results.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results have consolidated a base for the development of new studies on the effects of the tested chalcones as agents to combat and to prevent periodontitis.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Biofilms; Chalcones; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Periodontitis
PubMed: 35618163
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102588 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Mar 2017Patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility in Actinomyces and related genera are very limited in the literature. Data of predominant susceptibility profiles could...
OBJECTIVES
Patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility in Actinomyces and related genera are very limited in the literature. Data of predominant susceptibility profiles could contribute to the establishment of an accurate empirical treatment.
METHODS
A total of 113 isolates from clinical samples were included in this study. Each isolate was identified using phenotypic methods and MALDI-TOF/MS. When discrepancies were observed, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nine antimicrobial agents (penicillin, ceftriaxone, linezolid, tetracycline, clindamycin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and vancomycin) were tested against the species Actinotignum schaalii (n=23), Actinomyces turicensis (n=18), Actinomyces europaeus (n=13), Actinomyces naeslundii/Actinomyces viscosus group (n=12), Actinomyces urogenitalis (n=11), Actinomyces radingae (n=11), Actinomyces neuii (n=9), Actinomyces odontolyticus (n=8), Bifidobacterium scardovii (n=3), Actinomyces graevenitzii (n=2), Alloscardovia omnicolens (n=2) and Varibaculum cambriense (n=1).
RESULTS
All of the isolates were susceptible to penicillin, ceftriaxone, vancomycin and linezolid. Almost all of the A. urogenitalis isolates (8/11) were resistant to clindamycin and showed susceptibility to erythromycin, suggesting an L-phenotype, however no determinants of clindamycin resistance (lnu and lsa genes) were detected by PCR. High MIC values to quinolones were observed in 54/113 isolates (47.8%). All of the A. urogenitalis isolates were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin.
CONCLUSIONS
These data highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance to provide relevant information for empirical management of infections caused by these organisms.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomycosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Clindamycin; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 28109846
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2016.11.007 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology May 2019The purpose of this study was to conduct phytochemical analysis of sea buckthorn pulp oil and to evaluate the antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and antioxidant activities of...
AIM
The purpose of this study was to conduct phytochemical analysis of sea buckthorn pulp oil and to evaluate the antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and antioxidant activities of its mouthwash form.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Fatty acid composition of the sea buckthorn pulp oil was determined by GC-MS analysis, which revealed that, mono-unsaturated fatty acid, palmitoleic acid and saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, were the major constituents. The antimicrobial and the anti-biofilm capacities of sea buckthorn pulp oil mouthwash form were evaluated against Streptococcus gordonii, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinomyces viscosus and Candida albicans, according to the European Norms, and the Biofilm Ring Test , respectively. These activities were then compared with those of chlorhexidine and herbal mouthwashes. The sea buckthorn-based mouthwash was bactericidal against S. gordonii and P. gingivalis, bacteriostatic against A. viscosus and showed no antifungal effect. Regardless of the strains used, complete inhibition of biofilm formation was achieved. The antioxidant activity of this experimental mouthwash was also assessed by DPPH and NBT assays.
CONCLUSION
Sea buckthorn mouthwash showed anti-biofilm activities against select single and multiple oral bacterial species.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
In this study, a mouthwash derived from sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) pulp oil has been experimented, for the first time, in order to overcome the problem of a large number of available synthetic mouthwashes which have side effects on teeth, gums and mucous membranes. This mouthwash seemed to be a suitable alternative for a preventive agent for periodontal inflammation.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Hippophae; Humans; Microbial Viability; Mouth; Mouthwashes; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 30674068
DOI: 10.1111/jam.14210