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European Review For Medical and... Aug 2022The aim of the study was to determine the bacterial-adherence to the experimental pellicle pretreated with commercially available oral-rinse/ photosensitizer (mimicking...
The effect of selected commercially available mouth-rinses vs. curcumin photosensitizers in an artificial mouth model mimicking their use before meals on early colonizers single species biofilm.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to determine the bacterial-adherence to the experimental pellicle pretreated with commercially available oral-rinse/ photosensitizer (mimicking use of oral-rinse/ photosensitizer before meals).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An artificial mouth (NAM) system was used for the development of single-species biofilm (Actinomyces viscosus, Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguinis respectively). Two commercially available oral-rinses containing active ingredients [Essential oils (EO) and Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) were used. Curcumin photosensitizer (PS) was used as a photosensitizer against the microbes. For the adherence study, the experimental pellicle on the beads (in the capillary tubes of the NAM system) was pretreated with the oral-rinse and photosensitizer before the inoculation of bacteria; this would resemble the use of rinse/ photosensitizer before meal. The bacterial population of the biofilm was determined using serial dilution assay and expressed as colony forming unit per ml. Deionized distilled water was used in place of oral-rinse/photosensitizer and served as a negative-control. For the qualitative study, bacterial population viewing was carried out using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
RESULTS
It was observed that on treatment with the oral-rinses the bacterial population of S.mitis, S.sanguinis and A.viscosus (adherence) was significantly reduced where the reduction was less for EO-based oral-rinse compared with that of CHX and curcumin PS in the following sequence EO
CONCLUSIONS
From the results, it appears that curcumin photosensitizer and oral-rinses contain CHX to be preferably used before-meal and EO after-meal.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria; Biofilms; Curcumin; Meals; Mouth; Mouthwashes; Oils, Volatile; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 35993642
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202208_29415 -
Journal of Asian Natural Products... Jun 2020A new lignan glycoside, astrayunoside A (), along with eight known compounds (), were obtained from the methanol extract of roots of . All the compounds were obtained...
A new lignan glycoside, astrayunoside A (), along with eight known compounds (), were obtained from the methanol extract of roots of . All the compounds were obtained from for the first time. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D-NMR, MS, UV, CD, and IR). The weak antibacterial activities of the crude extracts of against , , , , , H901, , and were observed.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Glycosides; Lignans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 31045439
DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2019.1607840 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 2021Actinomyces and related genera are grampositive bacilli, opportunistic pathogens, which have been mainly involved in endogenous infections. However, due to the...
Actinomyces and related genera are grampositive bacilli, opportunistic pathogens, which have been mainly involved in endogenous infections. However, due to the complexity in identifying them for most clinical laboratories, there is scant knowledge about their real clinical significance. In this work, 166 isolates of 13 different species of Actinomyces/Actinotignum species recovered from clinical samples of patients treated in a university hospital were studied. The identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS and molecular identification. MALDI-TOF MS identified 91.57% of the isolates (152/166) at the species level using a score ≥ 1.7 and 3.61% (6/166) of the isolates were identified only at the gender level with a score ≥ 1.5. MALDI-TOF MS did not yield reliable identification results for 4.82% (8/166) of the isolates. Actinomyces/Actinotignum species were isolated from: soft tissue (n: 47), urine samples (n: 35), head / neck abscesses (n: 19), genital abscesses (n: 11), blood samples (n: 10), breast abscesses (n: 8), osteoarticular samples (n: 6), abdominal/ascitic fluids (n: 3), abdominal abscesses (n: 5), sputum/BAL (n: 4), brain abscesses (n: 3), and others (n: 15). The results obtained from the statistical analysis showed a high differential frequency (> 2) for the location/species association: urine/A. schaalii/sanguinis; brain abscesses/A. europaeus; osteoarticular samples/A. urogenitalis; abdominal abscesses/ A. turicensis; respiratory samples/A. naeslundii/viscosus. This information provides a greater understanding of the clinical and epidemiological relevance of these species. The pathogenic role of Actinomyces spp. will be increasingly revealed as these microorganisms could be recognized thanks to prolonged culture and the advances in identification technology facilitated by MALDI-TOF MS.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycetaceae; Hospitals; Humans; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 33402284
DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2020.11.005 -
Heliyon Dec 2019Dental caries is a multi-factorial oral disease, requiring a susceptible host, cariogenic microorganisms and suitable substrate. Caries is extended worldwide in spite of...
PURPOSE
Dental caries is a multi-factorial oral disease, requiring a susceptible host, cariogenic microorganisms and suitable substrate. Caries is extended worldwide in spite of the availability of countless prophylactic means, including fluoride toothpaste and dental sealers. Many efforts have been made to achieve isolation of pure natural products for medicinal use. Flavonoids are bioactive polyphenol compounds possessing multidimensional effects such as antibacterial action.
METHODS
The present study targeted the characterization of antibacterial and antifungal activity of various flavonoids (apigenin, catechin, luteolin, morin, myricetin, naringin, quercetin and rutin). Nine strains present in dental plaque were used: and as well as fungal strain.
RESULTS
Results revealed that luteolin, morin, naringin, quercetin and rutin effectively inhibited bacterial and fungal growth. However, morin was the most effective flavonoid.
CONCLUSION
It might then be concluded that flavonoids show bacteriostatic effect on all of tested bacteria and fungus.
PubMed: 31886429
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03013 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Aug 2020This study compares the metabolic properties of kojibiose, trehalose, sucrose, and xylitol upon incubation with representative oral bacteria as monocultures or synthetic...
This study compares the metabolic properties of kojibiose, trehalose, sucrose, and xylitol upon incubation with representative oral bacteria as monocultures or synthetic communities or with human salivary bacteria in a defined medium. Compared to sucrose and trehalose, kojibiose resisted metabolism during a 48-h incubation with monocultures, except for Incubations with -based communities, as well as salivary bacteria, displayed kojibiose metabolism, yet to a lesser extent than sucrose and trehalose. Concurring with our findings, screening for carbohydrate-active enzymes revealed that only spp. and possess enzymes from glycohydrolase (GH) families GH65 and GH15, respectively, which are associated with kojibiose metabolism. Donor-dependent differences in salivary microbiome composition were noted, and differences in pH drop during incubation indicated different rates of sugar metabolism. However, functional analysis indicated that lactate, acetate, and formate evenly dominated the metabolic profile for all sugars except for xylitol. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis and α-diversity markers revealed that a significant shift of the microbiome community by sugars was more pronounced in sucrose and trehalose than in kojibiose and xylitol. In spp., a taxon linked to cariogenesis dominated in sucrose (mean ± standard deviation, 91.8 ± 6.4%) and trehalose (55.9 ± 38.6%), representing a high diversity loss. In contrast, (5.1 ± 3.7%) was less abundant in kojibiose, which instead was dominated by (26.8 ± 19.6%), while for xylitol, (29.4 ± 19.1%) was most abundant. Overall, kojibiose and xylitol incubations stimulated cariogenic species less yet closely maintained an abundance of key phyla and genera of the salivary microbiome, suggesting that kojibiose has low cariogenic properties. This study provides a detailed scientific insight on the metabolism of a rare disaccharide, kojibiose, whose mass production has recently been made possible. While the resistance of kojibiose was established with monocultures, delayed utilization of kojibiose was observed with communities containing lactobacilli and as well as with complex communities of bacteria from human saliva. Kojibiose is, therefore, less metabolizable than sucrose and trehalose. Moreover, although conventional sugars cause distinct shifts in salivary microbial communities, our study has revealed that kojibiose is able to closely maintain the salivary microbiome composition, suggesting its low cariogenic properties. This study furthermore underscores the importance and relevance of microbial culture and mixed cultures to study cariogenicity and substrate utilization; this is in sharp contrast with tests that solely rely on monocultures such as , which clearly fail to capture complex interactions between oral microbiota.
Topics: Bacteria; Disaccharides; Humans; Kinetics; Microbiota; Mouth; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sucrose; Sugars; Trehalose; Xylitol
PubMed: 32561577
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01170-20 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Jun 2017Under certain circumstances, Actinomyces behaves as an opportunistic microorganism and can cause actinomycosis, a chronic and inflammatory granulomatous infection. The...
PURPOSE
Under certain circumstances, Actinomyces behaves as an opportunistic microorganism and can cause actinomycosis, a chronic and inflammatory granulomatous infection. The purpose of this project was to detect the presence of Actinomyces in cervical exudates from women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and women with cervical cancer.
METHODOLOGY
Cervical samples from 92 women were divided into three groups: CIN, cervical cancer and healthy women. Metagenomic DNA extraction was performed following the Qiagen QIAamp Mini Kit protocol. A specific fragment (675 bp) was amplified by PCR in order to detect the presence of Actinomycetales. Samples in which Actinomycetales was detected were subjected to separate amplification reactions with primer pairs for A. israelii, A. viscosus, A. meyeri and A. odontolyticus. Amplified products were observed by 2 % agarose gel electrophoresis.
RESULTS
Actinomyces were found in 10 % of women with CIN, 36.6 % of women with cervical cancer and 9 % of healthy women. The species identified in this study were A. meyeri in 14/92 samples (15.2 %), A. viscosus in 10/92 samples (10.8 %), A. odontolyticus in 4/92 samples (4.3 %) and A. israelii in 6/92 samples (6.5 %).
CONCLUSION
Patients with cervical cancer had a higher prevalence of the presence of Actinomyces compared to the CIN and control groups. This is the first study in which a deliberate search of this genus has been performed in women with cervical pathologies. The use of specific primers for each species facilitated their detection in comparison with traditional isolation methods. More information is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the complex role that bacterial communities may play in the development of cancer (and vice versa).
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Adult; Cervix Uteri; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Genotype; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Metagenomics; Middle Aged; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevalence; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Young Adult; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
PubMed: 28590243
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000485 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024Invisible orthodontic aligners are having a great impact on tooth movement in an aesthetic and effective way. Different techniques, models, and clinical aspects have...
Invisible orthodontic aligners are having a great impact on tooth movement in an aesthetic and effective way. Different techniques, models, and clinical aspects have been studied for their proper use. However, the aim of this research has been to determine the effect of the shaping process on mechanical properties and their bacterial behavior. For this study, 40 original polyurethane plates and 40 identical models, obtained by hot forming the original plates, were used. The static tensile mechanical properties were studied with a Zwick testing machine using testing speeds of 5 mm/min at a temperature of 37 °C. The original plate and the aligner have been studied with a creep test by subjecting the samples to a constant tension of 30 N, and determining the elongation using a long-distance, high-resolution microscope at different time periods between 1 and 720 h. Studies of water absorption has been realized with artificial saliva for 5 h. Bacterial cultures of and strains were grown on the original plates and on new and used models, to determine the proliferation of each bacterium through metabolic activity, colony-forming units, and LIVE/DEAD assays. The mechanical results showed an increase in the strength of the inserts with respect to the models obtained from 3.44 to 3.95 MPa in the elastic limit and a lower deformation capacity. It has been proven that the transition zone in the creep curves lasts longer in the original plate, producing the rapid increase in deformation at a shorter time (400 h) in the aligner. Therefore, the shaping process reduces the time of dental correction exerted by the aligner. The results of the bacterial culture assays show an increase in the number of bacterial colonies when the aligners have been used and when the polyurethane is conformed due to the internal energy of the model, with respect to the original polyurethane. It has been observed that between the original plate and the aligner there are no statistically significant differences in water absorption and therefore the forming process does not affect water absorption. A slight increase in water absorption can be observed, but after five hours of exposure, the increase is very small.
PubMed: 38541514
DOI: 10.3390/ma17061360 -
Saudi Medical Journal Feb 2015To evaluate the combined effect of a mixture of tetracycline, acid, and detergent (MTAD) and Nisin against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Actinomyces viscosus...
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the combined effect of a mixture of tetracycline, acid, and detergent (MTAD) and Nisin against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Actinomyces viscosus (A. viscosus) biofilms.
METHODS
This study was conducted between June and December 2013 in collaboration with Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Single-species biofilms (n=9/species/observation period) were generated on membrane filter discs and subjected to 5, 10, or 15 minute incubation with MTADN (MTAD with 3% Nisin), 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), or normal saline. The colony forming units were counted using the Dark field colony counter.
RESULTS
A 100% bactericidal effect of 5.25% NaOCl was noted during the 3 observation periods; a significant reduction (p=0.000) in mean survival rates of E. faecalis (77.3+13.6) and A. viscosus (39.6+12.6) was noted after 5 minutes exposure to MTADN compared with normal saline (78000000+5291503) declining to almost no growth after 10 and 15 minutes. The survival rates of the E. faecalis and A. viscosus biofilm were no different after treatment with MTADN and 5.25% NaOCl at the 3 observation periods (p=1.000).
CONCLUSION
A combination of MTAD and Nisin was as effective as NaOCl against E. faecalis and A. viscosus biofilms.
Topics: Acids; Actinomyces; Biofilms; Detergents; Enterococcus faecalis; Nisin; Tetracycline; Viscosity
PubMed: 25719587
DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.2.9947 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2023We evaluated the anti-cariogenic effect of an experimental synbiotic compound containing probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (NRRL B-442)-based jelly candy...
We evaluated the anti-cariogenic effect of an experimental synbiotic compound containing probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (NRRL B-442)-based jelly candy supplemented with natural prebiotic grape seed extract (GSE) in a nanoemulsion formula on the colonization and establishment of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Actinomyces viscosus (ATTCC 19246) biofilms through counting colony forming units, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We were then analysing the remineralizing effect of synbiotic jelly candy on human enamel surface lesions using Vickers microhardness testers, atomic force microscopy (AFM), SEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) at three stages (sound, after demineralization, and after pH cycling). We found after 21 days of treatment of the pH-cycled enamel discs with jelly candy for 10 min twice daily, a 68% decrease in S. mutans colony formation, reducing biofilm development, trapping S. mutans visualized in jelly candy under SEM examination, and significantly altering the morphological structure of these bacteria under TEM analysis. For remineralization measurements, statistically significant differences in microhardness integrated mineral loss, and lesion depth through CLSM between demineralization and treatment stages. These findings provide an effective anti-cariogenic synbiotic compound of grape seed extract and probiotic jelly candy with potential remineralizing activity.
Topics: Humans; Grape Seed Extract; Prebiotics; Streptococcus mutans; Probiotics; Candy; Biofilms; Tooth Remineralization; Dental Caries
PubMed: 37414826
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37645-5 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Oct 2016As caries is the most frequent cause of the failure of composite resin-based restorations, composite resins with antibacterial properties are desirable. However, whether...
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
As caries is the most frequent cause of the failure of composite resin-based restorations, composite resins with antibacterial properties are desirable. However, whether quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine nanoparticles can be effectively incorporated is unknown.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus of a foundation material incorporating quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine (QPEI) nanoparticles.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
QPEI antimicrobial nanoparticles were incorporated in a commercially available foundation material (Q Core; BJM Laboratories Ltd) at 1% wt/wt. Antibacterial efficacy against S mutans (10 colony-forming units [CFU]/mL) and A viscosus (10 CFU/mL) was examined by the direct contact test (DCT), and the agar diffusion test (ADT) with and without surface polishing. Bacterial outgrowth was recorded with a spectrophotometer.
RESULTS
Growth of S mutans and A viscosus was inhibited, showing a decrease by 6 orders of magnitude in bacterial viability in specimens incorporating the nanoparticles, even after polishing the foundation material (P<.05). Growth inhibition was not observed in specimens without nanoparticles.
CONCLUSIONS
Antibacterial properties can be achieved in a commercially available foundation material by incorporating polycationic antibacterial nanoparticles. This antibacterial effect did not diminish after surface polishing.
Topics: Actinomyces viscosus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Composite Resins; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; In Vitro Techniques; Nanoparticles; Polyethyleneimine; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 27157602
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.02.022