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The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Jun 2024
PubMed: 38713823
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000004381 -
Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni Jan 2024Actinotignum schaalii (formerly known as Actinobaculum schaalii) is an anaerobic or facultative anaerobic gram-positive bacillus that can be found commensally in the...
Actinotignum schaalii (formerly known as Actinobaculum schaalii) is an anaerobic or facultative anaerobic gram-positive bacillus that can be found commensally in the urogenital region. It can be overlooked because it grows slowly and is difficult to identify with classical microbiology laboratory techniques. Colonies become visible after 48-72 hours of incubation on blood agar in anaerobic or CO₂-rich media. While it typically causes urinary tract infection in older individuals, cases of bacteremia, vertebral osteomyelitis, endocarditis and cellulitis have been reported. Fournier's gangrene caused by A.schaalii has been reported very rarely so far. Fournier's gangrene has been defined as necrotizing fasciitis of the external genitalia, perineal and perianal region. Diabetes, immunosuppression, peripheral vascular disease, urethral anomalies, chronic alcoholism and smoking are important predisposing factors. In addition, approximately 25% of the cases have no known or identifiable etiology. The bacteria causing the infection may originate from skin, urogenital or intestinal microbiota. In this case report, a new case of Fournier's gangrene caused by A.schaalii was presented. A 65-year-old male patient admitted to the emergency department with the complaints of pain, swelling, redness in the left testis and also nausea, vomiting and chills that started three days ago. Physical examination revealed increased diameter of the scrotum, intense hyperemia of the skin and foci of necrosis. It was learned that the patient had no known chronic disease other than benign prostatic hyperplasia. The patient reported smoking of 25 packs of cigarettes per year. Routine laboratory tests revealed leukocyte= 32.41 x 109/L, neutrophil= 89.9%, procalcitonin= 1.62 ug/L, CRP= 265.07 mg/L and the patient was operated with the diagnosis of Fournier's gangrene. Gram staining of the abscess specimen obtained during the operation showed gram-positive bacilli both inside and outside the leukocytes. After 24 hours, grampositive bacilli were detected in the Gram staining of thin, transparent/gray colonies grown on 5% sheep blood and chocolate agar. The isolate was identified as A.schaalii by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) VITEK® MS (bioMérieux, France) microbial identification system. VITEK®2 ID ANC (bioMérieux, France) bacterial identification card was also used for comparison but the bacteria could be identified. As a result of the sequence analysis performed for confirmation, it was shown to be 100% homologous with Actinobaculum schaalii (GenBank accession no: FJ711193.1). For susceptibility tests, 5% sheep blood Schaedler agar was used and incubated in anaerobic environment. According to the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) results evaluated after 48 hours, penicillin was found to be 0.032 mg/L, clindamycin 0.125 mg/L, ciprofloxacin 0.19 mg/L, ceftazidime 4 mg/L, and amoxicillin 0.19 mg/L. The primary cause that initiated the infection in the case could not be identified, but it was thought that the presence of prostatic hyperplasia and smoking history may have contributed to the occurence or the progress of the disease. It is noteworthy that the ciprofloxacin MIC result was quite low compared to other studies. In addition, this study revealed the value of MALDI-TOF MS based methods in identification. In conclusion, it is thought that a significant proportion of A.schaalii infections may be overlooked due to the difficulty in growth and identification. Increasing the diagnostic power of clinical microbiology laboratories for poorly identified bacteria and renewing the databases of commercial identification systems are important for the early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of serious infections that may occur with such agents.
Topics: Male; Humans; Animals; Sheep; Aged; Fournier Gangrene; Agar; Actinomycetaceae; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Ciprofloxacin
PubMed: 38263943
DOI: 10.5578/mb.20249908 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019Urinary or ureteral catheter insertion remains one of the most common urological procedures, yet is considered a predisposing factor for urinary tract infection. Diverse...
Urinary or ureteral catheter insertion remains one of the most common urological procedures, yet is considered a predisposing factor for urinary tract infection. Diverse bacterial consortia adhere to foreign body surfaces and create various difficult to treat biofilm structures. We analyzed 347 urinary catheter- and stent-related samples, treated with sonication, using both routine culture and broad-range 16S rDNA PCR followed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing (PCR-DGGE-S). In 29 selected samples, amplicon Illumina sequencing was performed. The results of all methods were compared. In 338 positive samples, from which 86.1% were polybacterial, 1,295 representatives of 153 unique OTUs were detected. Gram-positive microbes were found in 46.5 and 59.1% of catheter- and stent-related samples, respectively. PCR-DGGE-S was shown as a feasible method with higher overall specificity (95 vs. 85%, < 0.01) though lower sensitivity (50 vs. 69%, < 0.01) in comparison to standard culture. Molecular methods considerably widened a spectrum of microbes detected in biofilms, including the very prevalent emerging opportunistic pathogen . Using massive parallel sequencing as a reference method in selected specimens, culture combined with PCR-DGGE was shown to be an efficient and reliable tool for determining the composition of urinary catheter-related biofilms. This might be applicable particularly to immunocompromised patients, in whom catheter-colonizing bacteria may lead to severe infectious complications. For the first time, broad-range molecular detection sensitivity and specificity were evaluated in this setting. This study extends the knowledge of biofilm consortia composition by analyzing large urinary catheter and stent sample sets using both molecular and culture techniques, including the widest dataset of catheter-related samples characterized by amplicon Illumina sequencing.
PubMed: 30949137
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00462 -
Medicina Clinica Aug 2016
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Aged, 80 and over; Balanitis; Humans; Male
PubMed: 27080098
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2016.03.009 -
Age and Ageing Aug 2022
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Aged; Bacteremia; Endocarditis; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Humans; Mitral Valve
PubMed: 35977153
DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac187 -
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... Dec 2022
Usefulness of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections caused by fastidious microorganisms: a case report of acute cystitis caused by Actinotignum schaalii.
Topics: Humans; Flow Cytometry; Actinomycetaceae; Urinary Tract Infections; Cystitis
PubMed: 35787349
DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.06.008 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Dec 2018
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cross Infection; Hospitals, General; Hospitals, University; Humans
PubMed: 30421885
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Veterinary Research Jan 2021Actinobaculum suis is a bacterium known to cause infections of the urogenital tract of sows. Infection can occur through close contact to boars, who frequently carry the...
BACKGROUND
Actinobaculum suis is a bacterium known to cause infections of the urogenital tract of sows. Infection can occur through close contact to boars, who frequently carry the pathogen in their preputial diverticulum but do not become clinically diseased themselves. In the current case, Actinobaculum suis was isolated from pyogranuloma of inflamed epididymis in a boar with poor fertility.
CASE PRESENTATION
Increased return to oestrus rate, which worsened after the purchase of a new boar, was reported in an organic farm in Switzerland. During herd examination, azoospermia of the boar was diagnosed, and slaughter, followed by examination of its urogenital tract, was carried out. Pathologically, pyogranuloma formation and epididymitis were diagnosed. Bacteriology of the pyogranulomas showed growth of Actinobaculum suis and mixed flora. After the boar was replaced, the return to oestrus rate improved tremendously.
CONCLUSION
A close relative of Actinobaculum suis, namely Actinotignum schaalii, has already been associated with epididymitis in humans. Considering the present case and the parallels in human medicine, Actinobaculum suis should be included in the list of differentials of boars with poor fertility.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Animals; Azoospermia; Epididymitis; Granuloma; Male; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 33407446
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02680-1 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Skin abscess is one of the most common infections of the skin and soft tissues. However, anaerobic bacteria are infrequently identified as the causative agents of this...
Skin abscess is one of the most common infections of the skin and soft tissues. However, anaerobic bacteria are infrequently identified as the causative agents of this particular form of abscess. In this case, a 34-year-old pregnant woman was diagnosed with a skin abscess with the use of ultrasonography. The microbiological analysis results of the purulent fluid revealed the coinfection of and . The patient was first treated empirically with 3 days of cefathiamidine, which resulted in no symptom improvement. Subsequently, a surgical procedure involving incision and draining was performed, with the administration of ceftriaxone. After 7 days of antibiotic intervention, the patient exhibited a satisfactory recovery. Clinicians need to be aware of other types of infections that might be attributed to and , in addition to urinary tract infections.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Abscess; Coinfection; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Actinomycetaceae
PubMed: 38601737
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1378197 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Mar 2017Patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility in Actinomyces and related genera are very limited in the literature. Data of predominant susceptibility profiles could...
OBJECTIVES
Patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility in Actinomyces and related genera are very limited in the literature. Data of predominant susceptibility profiles could contribute to the establishment of an accurate empirical treatment.
METHODS
A total of 113 isolates from clinical samples were included in this study. Each isolate was identified using phenotypic methods and MALDI-TOF/MS. When discrepancies were observed, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nine antimicrobial agents (penicillin, ceftriaxone, linezolid, tetracycline, clindamycin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and vancomycin) were tested against the species Actinotignum schaalii (n=23), Actinomyces turicensis (n=18), Actinomyces europaeus (n=13), Actinomyces naeslundii/Actinomyces viscosus group (n=12), Actinomyces urogenitalis (n=11), Actinomyces radingae (n=11), Actinomyces neuii (n=9), Actinomyces odontolyticus (n=8), Bifidobacterium scardovii (n=3), Actinomyces graevenitzii (n=2), Alloscardovia omnicolens (n=2) and Varibaculum cambriense (n=1).
RESULTS
All of the isolates were susceptible to penicillin, ceftriaxone, vancomycin and linezolid. Almost all of the A. urogenitalis isolates (8/11) were resistant to clindamycin and showed susceptibility to erythromycin, suggesting an L-phenotype, however no determinants of clindamycin resistance (lnu and lsa genes) were detected by PCR. High MIC values to quinolones were observed in 54/113 isolates (47.8%). All of the A. urogenitalis isolates were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin.
CONCLUSIONS
These data highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance to provide relevant information for empirical management of infections caused by these organisms.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomycosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Clindamycin; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 28109846
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2016.11.007