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International Journal of Medical... Aug 2023Acute respiratory diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Cough is a common symptom of acute respiratory diseases and the sound of cough can... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Acute respiratory diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Cough is a common symptom of acute respiratory diseases and the sound of cough can be indicative of the respiratory disease. However, cough sound assessment in routine clinical practice is limited to human perception and the skills of the clinician. Objective cough sound evaluation has the potential to aid clinicians in acute respiratory disease diagnosis. In this systematic review, we assess and summarize the predictive ability of machine learning algorithms in analyzing cough sounds of acute respiratory diseases in the pediatric population.
METHOD
Our systematic search of the Scopus, Medline, and Embase databases on 25 January 2023 identified six articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the checklist for the assessment of medical artificial intelligence.
RESULTS
Our analysis shows variability in the input to the machine learning algorithms, such as the use of various cough sound features and combining cough sound features with clinical features. The use of the machine learning algorithms also varies from conventional algorithms, such as logistic regression and support vector machine, to deep learning techniques, such as convolutional neural networks. The classification accuracy for the detection of bronchiolitis, croup, pertussis, and pneumonia across five articles is in the range of 82-96%. However, a significant drop is observed in the detection accuracy for bronchiolitis and pneumonia in the remaining article.
CONCLUSION
The number of articles is limited but, in general, the predictive ability of cough sound classification algorithms in childhood acute respiratory diseases shows promise.
Topics: Child; Humans; Cough; Artificial Intelligence; Algorithms; Pneumonia; Bronchiolitis; Machine Learning
PubMed: 37224643
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105093 -
La Revue Du Praticien Oct 2022Acute bronchiolitis is a very common condition in infants. It has a major effect on consultations in cities and use of hospital emergency rooms. The analysis of clinical...
Acute bronchiolitis is a very common condition in infants. It has a major effect on consultations in cities and use of hospital emergency rooms. The analysis of clinical data makes it easily to confirm the diagnosis and to assess the severity at the time of the evaluation, which determines the rest of the treatment. In all cases, families should be provided with simple monitoring advice given the potentially rapid development of the signs, especially in the youngest infants and those with vulnerability criteria.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Bronchiolitis, Viral; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Bronchiolitis
PubMed: 36512002
DOI: No ID Found -
Changes in Otorhinolaryngologic Disease Incidences before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea.International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022This study aimed to investigate the change in the incidence and variance of otorhinolaryngologic diseases during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The...
This study aimed to investigate the change in the incidence and variance of otorhinolaryngologic diseases during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The entire Korean population (~50 million) was evaluated for the monthly incidence of 11 common otorhinolaryngologic diseases of upper respiratory infection (URI), influenza, acute tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscess, acute laryngitis and bronchitis, stomatitis and related lesions, acute sinusitis, rhinitis, otitis media, and dizziness from January 2018 through March 2021 using the International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10 codes with the data of the Korea National Health Insurance Service. The differences in the mean incidence of 11 common otorhinolaryngologic diseases before and during COVID-19 were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. The differences in the variance of incidence before and during COVID-19 were compared using Levene's test. The incidence of all 11 otorhinolaryngologic diseases was lower during COVID-19 than before COVID-19 (all < 0.05). The variations in disease incidence by season were lower during COVID-19 than before COVID-19 for infectious diseases, including URI, influenza, acute tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscess, acute laryngitis and bronchitis, acute sinusitis, and otitis media (all < 0.05), while it was not in noninfectious diseases, including stomatitis, rhinitis, and dizziness. As expected, the incidences of all otorhinolalryngolgic diseases were decreased. Additionally, we found that seasonal variations in infectious diseases disappeared during the COVID-19 pandemic, while noninfectious diseases did not.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Incidence; Rhinitis; Retropharyngeal Abscess; Pandemics; Laryngitis; Influenza, Human; Noncommunicable Diseases; Dizziness; Peritonsillar Abscess; Sinusitis; Respiratory Tract Infections; Otitis Media; Bronchitis; Stomatitis
PubMed: 36293687
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013083 -
Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine Jan 2019: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are the leading infectious disease cause of death in the world and the fifth overall cause of death. From an epidemiological... (Review)
Review
: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are the leading infectious disease cause of death in the world and the fifth overall cause of death. From an epidemiological point of view, most consider pneumonia, influenza, bronchitis (including acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [AECOPD]), and bronchiolitis to be the most important LRTIs. : This review will describe the epidemiology of LRTIs in adults focusing on community-acquired pneumonia, influenza, and AECOPD, utilizing data from the more recent literature. : LRTIs remain exceedingly common, although there have been significant changes in their epidemiology over recent years, both with regard to their frequency and the infecting pathogens. Part of the change in the epidemiology may relate to changing population demographics, the varying prevalence of smoking, and the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children and patterns of vaccine usage. Furthermore, antigenic variations in the influenza viruses dictate the frequency and characteristics of the influenza epidemics and pandemics.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bronchiolitis; Bronchitis; Humans; Influenza, Human; Middle Aged; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Pneumonia; Respiratory Tract Infections; Smoking; Young Adult
PubMed: 30518278
DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1555040 -
Complementary Therapies in Medicine Mar 2020Our review summarizes published literature of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) used for the treatment of acute bronchitis in children.
OBJECTIVE
Our review summarizes published literature of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) used for the treatment of acute bronchitis in children.
BACKGROUND
Acute bronchitis is one of the most frequent pediatric diseases and has high prevalence for in- and outpatient care. Acute bronchitis is mainly a viral-caused infection, but a high and inappropriate use of antibiotics has been demonstrated in many countries. As CAM therapies might reduce the use of antibiotics and can complement conventional therapies in children, they could be an appropriate treatment option.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted using general and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)-specific databases. A search term including 65 CAM-associated definitions was applied.
RESULTS
Literature search revealed 309 articles, whereby 18 articles hit search criteria. These clinical trials were subgrouped into the categories herbal medicine, anthroposophic medicine and homeopathy. The most often studied approaches are herbal remedies, in particular the Pelargonium sidoides extract, EPs® 7630. Its efficacy was demonstrated in three placebo-controlled trials and two observational studies. Anthroposophic approaches (mainly ribwort-containing remedies) were investigated in two controlled trials and three observational studies. Two studies were found investigating the homeopathic remedies Monapax® and Droperteel®.
CONCLUSION
Study results indicate a favorable effect of investigated CAM approaches. However, only three of 18 studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), so a reliable statement on effectiveness was not possible and further RCTs are indispensable.
Topics: Acute Disease; Bronchitis; Child; Complementary Therapies; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 32147041
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102217 -
Trials May 2022Approximately 5% of adults have an episode of acute bronchitis each year, accounting for more than 10 million medical visits yearly. The primary goal of treatment is...
BACKGROUND
Approximately 5% of adults have an episode of acute bronchitis each year, accounting for more than 10 million medical visits yearly. The primary goal of treatment is reduction of symptoms. Currently, available medications are questionable in effectiveness and safety and are not recommended for routine use in clinical practice. Although Chinese herbal medicine has been widely used in the management of acute bronchitis in China, evidence-based data is lacking. This trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tanreqing oral liquid in the treatment of acute bronchitis with phlegm-heat obstructing lungs syndrome.
METHODS/DESIGN
This study is a prospective, multi-center, randomized, double-blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 270 acute bronchitis adult patients with phlegm-heat obstructing lungs syndrome will be enrolled from outpatients and emergency departments at nine study centers across China. All included patients will be randomly allocated to receive Tanreqing oral liquid or placebo oral liquid, 20 mL three times daily for seven consecutive days. The primary outcome will be cough resolution rate. Secondary outcomes will include change of bronchitis symptoms scores from baseline to post-treatment, cough relief rate, time to cough resolution, time to cough relief, resolution rate of a single symptom, combination medicine use, change of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score from baseline to post-treatment, and adverse events.
DISCUSSION
This trial may provide an alternative treatment option for acute bronchitis patients, especially those in outpatients and emergency departments. It may also add evidence to Chinese herbal medicine for treating acute bronchitis.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000040264 . Registered on 26 November 2020.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Bronchitis; Cough; Double-Blind Method; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Syndrome; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35526026
DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06318-5 -
Dysphagia Jun 2023The prevalence of lung transplants has increased over the years, albeit with a low survival rate amongst all solid organ transplants, including liver and heart... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of lung transplants has increased over the years, albeit with a low survival rate amongst all solid organ transplants, including liver and heart transplantation. Microaspiration is one of the primary mechanisms that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung injury following lung transplants. Of late, esophageal dysfunction such as gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal hypercontractility is often noted post-lung transplant. However, reflux is associated with chronic allograft lung injury such as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, which is one of the predictors for long-term survival in this specialized population. Its role in acute lung injury post-lung transplant is still being explored. This review critically examines the salient points which provide the current understanding of the characteristics, pathophysiology, and implications of esophageal dysfunction following lung transplant.
Topics: Humans; Lung Injury; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Esophageal Diseases; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Lung Transplantation
PubMed: 35960395
DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10508-3 -
Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2022The aim: The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of thyroid status (thyroid hormone, total and free fractions of triiodothyronine and thyroxine,...
OBJECTIVE
The aim: The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of thyroid status (thyroid hormone, total and free fractions of triiodothyronine and thyroxine, reversible triiodothyronine, antibodies to thyroperoxidase) of preschool children with acute bronchitis.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: We examined 135 preschool children (from 3 to 6 years old) with acute bronchitis (main group) and 28 apparently healthy subjects who were in the control group. It used clinical-anamnestic, laboratory and instrumental research methods. Evaluation of the course of acute bronchitis was carried out in the acute period of the disease. All results were statistically processed using the SPSS 26 package.
RESULTS
Results: In 33 % of patients with acute bronchitis there are subclinical abnormalities of thyroid hormones, which manifest themselves in the form of euthyroid sick syndrome. Namely, we found an increased concentration of reversible triiodothyronine in the serum, as well as a decrease in total triiodothyronine and its free fraction.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: In patients with acute bronchitis in almost every third case there are functional shifts in hormonal status, which are manifested in the form of the first variant of the euthyroid sick syndrome.
Topics: Acute Disease; Bronchitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Euthyroid Sick Syndromes; Humans; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine
PubMed: 35633358
DOI: 10.36740/WLek202204117 -
JAMA Pediatrics Jan 2018
Topics: Bronchiolitis; Emergency Service, Hospital; Hospitalization; Humans; Saline Solution, Hypertonic
PubMed: 29114843
DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.3799 -
NPJ Primary Care Respiratory Medicine May 2021Inappropriate prescribing for acute bronchitis in primary healthcare settings (PHSs) is commonly seen worldwide. Here we describe the prescribing patterns and antibiotic...
Inappropriate prescribing for acute bronchitis in primary healthcare settings (PHSs) is commonly seen worldwide. Here we describe the prescribing patterns and antibiotic use for acute bronchitis in PHSs across China. We conduct a nationwide cross-sectional survey to collect outpatient prescriptions from PHSs in 2017. Patients diagnosed with acute bronchitis without other infections are eligible for this study. Generalized estimating equations are used for analysis. Overall, 10,678 prescriptions for acute bronchitis from 214 institutions are included. The antibiotic prescription rate is 44.5% for total prescriptions, and differs significantly by region and urban/rural status (p < 0.05). Among all single-antibiotic prescriptions, 91.5% are broad-spectrum. Two-thirds of the prescriptions contain medicines for symptom management. The overall guideline compliance rate of acute bronchitis treatment for adults is 31.0%. Prescribing antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum ones, for acute bronchitis is commonly observed in Chinese PHSs. Targeted interventions are urgently needed for Chinese primary clinicians, especially in western rural areas.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchitis; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Inappropriate Prescribing; Outpatients; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Primary Health Care; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 33972552
DOI: 10.1038/s41533-021-00234-y