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Surgery Apr 2021
Topics: Acute Disease; Humans; Pancreatectomy; Pancreatitis; Postoperative Complications; Prevalence
PubMed: 33276976
DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.10.015 -
Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2022This review aimed to investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 is capable of infecting the gland and causing acute pancreatitis, and the peculiarities in the management of these... (Review)
Review
This review aimed to investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 is capable of infecting the gland and causing acute pancreatitis, and the peculiarities in the management of these cases. The research was conducted through PubMed® database, and 62 articles were systematically selected for analysis. Differences were found in the literature; however, there are important warnings, such as the presence of hyperlipasemia, clinical and imaging findings suggestive of acute pancreatitis in the presence and even in the absence of respiratory symptoms. Attention should be paid to clinical and imaging findings during this virus infection, since it is possible to identify these two diseases early. Therefore, it is possible to detect and isolate these patients more quickly, providing the correct care and decreasing the morbidity and mortality of two potentially severe diseases.
Topics: Acute Disease; COVID-19; Humans; Pancreatitis; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35195163
DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2022RW6667 -
Gastroenterology Clinics of North... Dec 2018Pediatric pancreatitis is an emerging field with an increasing incidence of disease. Management of pediatric pancreatitis is understudied and, therefore, extrapolated... (Review)
Review
Pediatric pancreatitis is an emerging field with an increasing incidence of disease. Management of pediatric pancreatitis is understudied and, therefore, extrapolated from adult studies (although the etiologies are different). There is evidence that feeding is safe in mild acute pancreatitis in children without increased pain or length of stay. Studies are needed to predict course of the disease, disease severity, and risk of chronic pancreatitis in children.
Topics: Child; Humans; Pancreatitis
PubMed: 30337030
DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2018.07.003 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023
Topics: Humans; Pancreatitis; Acute Disease; Pancreas; Infections
PubMed: 37026058
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1175195 -
Gastroenterology Clinics of North... Mar 2018The goal of nutritional support in acute pancreatitis is to reduce inflammation, prevent nutritional depletion, correct a negative nitrogen balance, and improve... (Review)
Review
The goal of nutritional support in acute pancreatitis is to reduce inflammation, prevent nutritional depletion, correct a negative nitrogen balance, and improve outcomes. Enteral nutrition (EN) in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) should be preferred to parenteral nutrition. It maintains the integrity of the gut barrier, decreases intestinal permeability, downregulates the systemic inflammatory response, maintains intestinal microbiota equilibrium, and reduces the complications of the early phase of SAP, improving morbidity and possibly improving mortality, and it is less expensive. Further studies to understand optimal timing of nutrition, route of delivery of EN, and the type of nutrition and nutrients are necessary.
Topics: Acute Disease; Eating; Enteral Nutrition; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Malnutrition; Nutrition Assessment; Pancreatitis; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 29413020
DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2017.10.002 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Jun 2020With over 100000 hospital admissions per annum, acute pancreatitis remains the leading gastrointestinal cause of hospitalization in the United States and has... (Review)
Review
With over 100000 hospital admissions per annum, acute pancreatitis remains the leading gastrointestinal cause of hospitalization in the United States and has far-reaching impact well beyond. It has become increasingly recognized that drug-induced pancreatitis (DIP), despite accounting for less than 3% of all cases, represents an important and growing though often inconspicuous cause of acute pancreatitis. Nevertheless, knowledge of DIP is often curtailed by the limited availability of evidence needed to implicate given agents, especially for non-prescription medications. Indeed, the majority of available data is derived from case reports, case series, or case control studies. Furthermore, the mechanism of injury and causality for many of these drugs remain elusive as a definitive correlation is generally not established (< 10% of cases). Several classification systems have been proposed, but no single system has been widely adopted, and periodic updates are required in light of ongoing pharmacologic expansion. Moreover, infrequently prescribed medications or those available over-the-counter (including herbal and other alternative remedies) are often overlooked as a potential culprit of acute pancreatitis. Herein, we review the ever-increasing diversity of DIP and the potential mechanisms of injury with the goal of raising awareness regarding the nature and magnitude of this entity. We believe this manuscript will aid in increasing both primary and secondary prevention of DIP, thus ultimately facilitating more expedient diagnosis and a decrease in DIP-related morbidity.
Topics: Acute Disease; Case-Control Studies; Hospitalization; Humans; Pancreatitis; Pharmaceutical Preparations; United States
PubMed: 32587438
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i22.2902 -
Journal of Gastroenterology Jul 2016Acute pancreatitis is a serious medical disorder with no current therapies directed to the molecular pathogenesis of the disorder. Inflammation, inappropriate... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Acute pancreatitis is a serious medical disorder with no current therapies directed to the molecular pathogenesis of the disorder. Inflammation, inappropriate intracellular activation of digestive enzymes, and parenchymal acinar cell death by necrosis are the critical pathophysiologic processes of acute pancreatitis. Thus, it is necessary to elucidate the key molecular signals that mediate these pathobiologic processes and develop new therapeutic strategies to attenuate the appropriate signaling pathways in order to improve outcomes for this disease. A novel serine/threonine protein kinase D (PKD) family has emerged as key participants in signal transduction, and this family is increasingly being implicated in the regulation of multiple cellular functions and diseases.
METHODS
This review summarizes recent findings of our group and others regarding the signaling pathway and the biological roles of the PKD family in pancreatic acinar cells. In particular, we highlight our studies of the functions of PKD in several key pathobiologic processes associated with acute pancreatitis in experimental models.
RESULTS
Our findings reveal that PKD signaling is required for NF-κB activation/inflammation, intracellular zymogen activation, and acinar cell necrosis in rodent experimental pancreatitis. Novel small-molecule PKD inhibitors attenuate the severity of pancreatitis in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Further, this review emphasizes our latest advances in the therapeutic application of PKD inhibitors to experimental pancreatitis after the initiation of pancreatitis.
CONCLUSIONS
These novel findings suggest that PKD signaling is a necessary modulator in key initiating pathobiologic processes of pancreatitis, and that it constitutes a novel therapeutic target for treatments of this disorder.
Topics: Acinar Cells; Humans; Pancreatitis; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 26879861
DOI: 10.1007/s00535-016-1175-3 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) May 2020Acute pancreatitis (AP) is caused by acute inflammation of the pancreas and adjacent tissue and is a common source of abdominal pain. The current CT and MRI evaluation... (Review)
Review
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is caused by acute inflammation of the pancreas and adjacent tissue and is a common source of abdominal pain. The current CT and MRI evaluation of AP is mostly based on morphologic features. Recent advances in image acquisition and analysis offer the opportunity to go beyond morphologic features. Advanced MR techniques such as diffusion-weighted imaging, as well as T1 and T2 mapping, can potentially quantify signal changes reflective of underlying tissue abnormalities. Advanced analytic techniques such as radiomics and artificial neural networks (ANNs) offer the promise of uncovering imaging biomarkers that can provide additional classification and prognostic information. The purpose of this article is to review recent advances in imaging acquisition and analytic techniques in the evaluation of AP.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Pancreatitis; Prognosis; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 31428811
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02192-z -
Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain... Aug 2022
Topics: Acute Disease; Humans; Pancreatitis
PubMed: 35803576
DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2022.101123 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... May 2024Acute pancreatitis is a common cause of acute abdominal pain and can range from mild oedema to severe necrosis of the pancreas. It has a significant impact on morbidity,... (Review)
Review
Acute pancreatitis is a common cause of acute abdominal pain and can range from mild oedema to severe necrosis of the pancreas. It has a significant impact on morbidity, mortality and financial burden. The global prevalence of pancreatitis is substantial, with the highest rates observed in central and eastern Europe. Diagnosing acute pancreatitis involves considering clinical symptoms, elevated serum amylase and/or lipase levels, and characteristic imaging findings. The causes of acute pancreatitis include obstructive disorders, such as gallstones and biliary sludge, alcohol consumption, smoking, drug-induced pancreatitis, metabolic disorders, trauma, medical procedures, infections, vascular diseases and autoimmune pancreatitis. Appropriate management of acute pancreatitis involves determining the severity of the condition, providing supportive care, addressing the underlying cause, and preventing complications. Advances in classifying the severity of acute pancreatitis and implementing goal-directed therapy have contributed to a decrease in mortality rates. Understanding its prevalence, aetiology and management principles is crucial for clinicians to appropriately diagnose and manage patients with acute pancreatitis.
Topics: Humans; Pancreatitis; Acute Disease; Severity of Illness Index; Gallstones
PubMed: 38783446
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.9280