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Surgical Pathology Clinics Mar 2017This article reviews a myriad of common and uncommon odontogenic cysts and tumors. The clinical presentation, gross and microscopic features, differential diagnosis,... (Review)
Review
This article reviews a myriad of common and uncommon odontogenic cysts and tumors. The clinical presentation, gross and microscopic features, differential diagnosis, prognosis, and diagnostic pitfalls are addressed for inflammatory cysts (periapical cyst, mandibular infected buccal cyst/paradental cyst), developmental cysts (dentigerous, lateral periodontal, glandular odontogenic, orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst), benign tumors (keratocystic odontogenic tumor, ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, ameloblastic fibroma and fibroodontoma, odontoma, squamous odontogenic tumor, calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor, primordial odontogenic tumor, central odontogenic fibroma, and odontogenic myxomas), and malignant tumors (clear cell odontogenic carcinoma, ameloblastic carcinoma, ameloblastic fibrosarcoma).
Topics: Dentigerous Cyst; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Odontogenic Cysts; Odontogenic Tumors; Periodontal Cyst; Prognosis; Radicular Cyst; Radiography, Dental
PubMed: 28153133
DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2016.10.006 -
Head and Neck Pathology Mar 2021This article reviews odontogenic and developmental oral lesions encountered in the gnathic region of pediatric patients. The process of odontogenesis is discussed as it... (Review)
Review
This article reviews odontogenic and developmental oral lesions encountered in the gnathic region of pediatric patients. The process of odontogenesis is discussed as it is essential to understanding the pathogenesis of odontogenic tumors. The clinical presentation, microscopic features, and prognosis are addressed for odontogenic lesions in the neonate (dental lamina cysts/gingival cysts of the newborn, congenital (granular cell) epulis of the newborn, melanotic neuroectodermal tumor, choristoma/heterotopia, cysts of foregut origin), lesions associated with unerupted/erupting teeth (hyperplastic dental follicle, eruption cyst, dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst/keratocystic odonogenic tumor, buccal bifurcation cyst/inflammatory collateral cyst) and pediatric odontogenic hamartomas and tumors (odontoma, ameloblastic fibroma, ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, primordial odontogenic tumor). Pediatric odontogenic and developmental oral lesions range from common to rare, but familiarity with these entities is essential due to the varying management implications of these diagnoses.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Jaw Diseases; Male; Odontogenesis; Tooth Abnormalities
PubMed: 33723756
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01284-3 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Jan 2022Mesothelial tumors are classified into benign or preinvasive tumors, and mesotheliomas. The benign or preinvasive group includes adenomatoid tumors, well-differentiated... (Review)
Review
Mesothelial tumors are classified into benign or preinvasive tumors, and mesotheliomas. The benign or preinvasive group includes adenomatoid tumors, well-differentiated papillary mesothelial tumors, and mesothelioma in situ. Malignant tumors are mesotheliomas and can be localized or diffuse. Histological classification of invasive mesotheliomas into three major subtypes-epithelioid, sarcomatoid, and biphasic is prognostically important. It also plays a significant role in the treatment decisions of patients diagnosed with this deadly disease. Grading and subtyping of epithelioid mesotheliomas have been one of the major changes in the recent WHO classification of pleural tumors. Mesothelioma in situ has emerged as a precisely defined clinico-pathologic entity that for diagnosis requires demonstration of loss of BAP1 or MTAP by immunohistochemistry, or CDKN2A homozygous deletion by FISH. The use of these two biomarkers improves the diagnostic sensitivity of effusion specimens and limited tissue samples and is valuable in establishing the diagnosis of epithelioid mesothelioma. In this review, recent changes in the histologic classification of pleural mesothelioma, importance of ancillary diagnostic studies, and molecular characteristics of mesotheliomas are discussed.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Diagnosis, Differential; Genes, p16; Humans; Mesothelioma, Malignant; Pleura; Pleural Neoplasms; Prognosis; Tumor Suppressor Proteins; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase
PubMed: 34465883
DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00895-7 -
Pediatric and Developmental Pathology :... 2023Odontogenic tumors are rare tumors of the jaws that arise from remnants of the tooth forming apparatus. Some odontogenic tumors demonstrate strong predilection for... (Review)
Review
Odontogenic tumors are rare tumors of the jaws that arise from remnants of the tooth forming apparatus. Some odontogenic tumors demonstrate strong predilection for pediatric patients including the unicystic ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, ameloblastic fibroma, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, odontoma, and primordial odontogenic tumor. In this review, we discuss the clinical, radiographic, histopathologic, and molecular characteristics of select odontogenic tumors that demonstrate pediatric predilection and review management.
Topics: Humans; Child; Odontogenic Tumors; Ameloblastoma; Odontoma
PubMed: 38032744
DOI: 10.1177/10935266231200115 -
Gut Jan 2023Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is an immunomediated disease targeting parietal cells, eventually resulting in oxyntic-restricted atrophy. This long-term follow-up study...
OBJECTIVE
Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is an immunomediated disease targeting parietal cells, eventually resulting in oxyntic-restricted atrophy. This long-term follow-up study aimed at elucidating the natural history, histological phenotype(s), and associated cancer risk of patients with AIG consistently tested -negative (naïve -negative subjects).
DESIGN
Two-hundred eleven naïve -negative patients (tested by serology, histology, molecular biology) with AIG (F:M=3.15:1; p<0.001) were prospectively followed up with paired biopsies (T1 vs T2; mean follow-up years:7.5 (SD:4.4); median:7). Histology distinguished non-atrophic versus atrophic AIG. Atrophy was further subtyped/scored as non-metaplastic versus metaplastic (pseudopyloric (PPM) and intestinal (IM)). Enterochromaffin-like-cell (ECL) status was categorised as diffuse versus adenomatoid hyperplasia/dysplasia, and type 1 neuroendocrine tumours (Type1-NETs).
RESULTS
Over the long-term histological follow-up, AIG consistently featured oxyntic-predominant-mononuclear inflammation. At T1, PPM-score was greater than IM (200/211 vs 160/211, respectively); IM scores increased from T1 to T2 (160/211 to 179/211), with no changes in the PPM prevalence (T1=200/211; T2=201/211). At both T1/T2, the prevalence of OLGA-III-stage was <5%; no Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment (OLGA)-IV-stage occurred. ECL-cell-status progressed from diffuse to adenomatoid hyperplasia/dysplasia (T1=167/14 vs T2=151/25). Type1-NETs (T1=10; T2=11) always coexisted with extensive oxyntic-atrophy, and ECL adenomatoid-hyperplasia/dysplasia. No excess risk of gastric or other malignancies was found over a cumulative follow-up time of 10 541 person years, except for (marginally significant) thyroid cancer (SIR=3.09; 95% CI 1.001 to 7.20).
CONCLUSIONS
Oxyntic-restricted inflammation, PPM (more than IM), and ECL-cell hyperplasia/neoplasia are the histological AIG hallmarks. Compared with the general population, corpus-restricted inflammation/atrophy does not increase the GC risk. The excess of GC risk reported in patients with AIG could plausibly result from unrecognised previous/current comorbidity.
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter pylori; Hyperplasia; Follow-Up Studies; Gastritis; Gastritis, Atrophic; Atrophy; Precancerous Conditions; Inflammation; Helicobacter Infections; Metaplasia; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 35772926
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327827 -
Surgical Pathology Clinics Jun 2019This review discusses select fallopian tube entities and their associated mimics. It first focuses on adenomatoid tumors, the most common benign tumor of the fallopian... (Review)
Review
This review discusses select fallopian tube entities and their associated mimics. It first focuses on adenomatoid tumors, the most common benign tumor of the fallopian tube. High-grade serous carcinoma and its precursor, serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma, are then addressed. Finally, attention is turned to endometrioid proliferations of the fallopian tube. A diagnostic approach is provided for these lesions, with an emphasis on differential diagnoses and situations in which a benign lesion may appear malignant, and vice-versa.
Topics: Adenomatoid Tumor; Carcinoma in Situ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous; Diagnosis, Differential; Fallopian Tube Neoplasms; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mesothelioma; Mesothelioma, Malignant; Metaplasia
PubMed: 31097111
DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2019.01.006 -
Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany) May 2024Benign mesothelial tumors are rarer than malignant mesotheliomas and are often found in the peritoneum as incidental findings in women. They include the adenomatoid... (Review)
Review
Benign mesothelial tumors are rarer than malignant mesotheliomas and are often found in the peritoneum as incidental findings in women. They include the adenomatoid tumor (AT), the well-differentiated mesothelial tumor (WDPMT), the mesothelioma in situ (MIS), and the solid papillary mesothelial tumor (SPMT). ATs are always benign and predominantly manifest in the genital tract. WDPMTs can develop multifocally and are prone to recurrence, particularly in the case of incomplete resection. Only MISs are considered a confirmed precursor lesion of malignant mesothelioma according to the currently valid World Health Organization (WHO) classifications. As with malignant mesothelioma, alterations of BAP1, MTAP, and p16 are detectable for MIS in contrast to the other three tumors. SPMTs cannot be clearly assigned to the other mesothelial tumors and have so far only been described in the peritoneum in women with a benign course.
PubMed: 38695911
DOI: 10.1007/s00292-024-01333-6 -
Respiratory Medicine Aug 2015Malignant pleural effusion is a frequent situation in pulmonary medicine. However, it is sometimes difficult to recognize the underlying etiology. The aim of this review... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Malignant pleural effusion is a frequent situation in pulmonary medicine. However, it is sometimes difficult to recognize the underlying etiology. The aim of this review is to provide the key characteristics of primary and metastatic pleural neoplasms.
METHODS
A review of the recent literature regarding pleural neoplasia is provided.
RESULTS
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is the commonest primary pleural epithelial tumor showing remarkable histological heterogeneity often with prognostic significance. Various genetic alterations like changes in INK4 locus, NF2, BAP1 but also epigenetic changes are present in MPM. It should be distinguished from atypical mesothelial hyperplasia, mainly through morphological and clinical criteria, and from other rare primary and metastatic tumors, for which immunohistochemistry is rather important. Solitary fibrous tumor, the commonest primary pleural mesenchymal tumor is characterized by STAT6 overexpression. Other primary tumors, like adenomatoid tumor, well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma, synovial sarcoma, vascular tumors, various other sarcomas, thymic tumors and tumors of uncertain histogenesis are rarely encountered in the pleura. In contrast, metastatic disease is the commonest neoplasia of the pleura, and especially lung, breast and lymphoid malignancies.
CONCLUSION
The basic pathological, immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics of these entities are provided in the current review, along with their differential diagnosis.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lung Neoplasms; Mesothelioma; Mesothelioma, Malignant; Pleura; Pleural Neoplasms; Prognosis
PubMed: 26048082
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.05.014 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Jan 2022We report nine examples of a previously undescribed type of peritoneal circumscribed nodular mesothelial tumor characterized by nests or sheets of mesothelial cells with...
We report nine examples of a previously undescribed type of peritoneal circumscribed nodular mesothelial tumor characterized by nests or sheets of mesothelial cells with sharp cell borders and extremely bland, sometimes grooved, nuclei. In some cases, nests were separated by fibrous bands. All patients were women, age range 30-72 years (median 52 years). All tumors were incidental findings during surgery and grossly were either solitary nodules or a few small nodules on the peritoneal surface. Referring pathologic diagnoses included diffuse malignant mesothelioma, localized malignant mesothelioma, well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma, and adenomatoid tumor. No tumor showed BAP1 loss by immunohistochemistry nor deletion of CDKN2A by FISH. RNA-seq revealed that these tumors clustered together and were distinct from peritoneal diffuse malignant mesotheliomas. Very few mutations or translocations were found, none of them recurrent from tumor to tumor, and no tumor showed an abnormality in any of the genes typically mutated/deleted in diffuse malignant mesothelioma. Array CGH on three cases revealed two with a completely flat profile and one with a small deletion at 3q26-3q28. On follow-up (range 5-60, median 34 months), there were no deaths, no recurrences, and no evidence of metastatic disease nor local spread; one case that initially had scattered nodules on the pelvic peritoneum had the same pattern of nodules at a second look operation 2 years later. We propose the name solid papillary mesothelial tumor for these lesions. These appear to be either benign or very low-grade tumors that need to be separated from malignant mesotheliomas.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Papillary; Chi-Square Distribution; Cluster Analysis; Cohort Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Incidental Findings; Middle Aged; Mutation; Neoplasms, Mesothelial; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Prognosis; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Signal Transduction; Time Factors; Translocation, Genetic
PubMed: 34480081
DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00899-3