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International Journal of Obesity (2005) Jun 2021Obesity has numerous etiologies and includes biological factors. Studies have demonstrated that the human adenovirus subtype 36 (Adv36) is an adipogenic agent and causes... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Obesity has numerous etiologies and includes biological factors. Studies have demonstrated that the human adenovirus subtype 36 (Adv36) is an adipogenic agent and causes metabolic alterations. Study results on the prevalence of Adv36 and clinical effects in humans vary substantially. This was a systematic review to summarize the studies on the prevalence of Adv36 infection and its association with human obesity.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). Observational or experimental studies found in the Medline, Embase, LILACS, Science Direct and SciELO databases that presented results on the prevalence of Adv36 in humans were included.
RESULTS
Thirty-seven studies were screened. A total of 10,300 adults aged 18-70 years and 4585 children and adolescents aged 3-18 years were assessed. The average prevalence of Adv36 among adults was 22.9%, ranging from 5.5% to 49.8%. Among children and adolescents, the average prevalence of Adv36 was 28.9%, ranging from 7.5% to 73.9%. There was a positive statistical relationship between Adv36 and weight gain, obesity, or metabolic changes in 31 studies. However, in four studies there was no association with obesity, and in one, no association was described. One of the studies showed an inverse correlation, i.e., Adv36 was a protective factor against obesity.
CONCLUSION
Strong evidence suggested a positive association between viral infection and obesity. However, due to the multi-causality of obesity and heterogeneity of studies, diagnostic tests should be standardized and easily accessible by the population to estimate the overall prevalence of Adv36 infection and its association with obesity.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Prevalence; Young Adult
PubMed: 33753885
DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00805-6 -
Reviews in Medical Virology May 2018The important insights gained over the past years in diagnosis and treatment of invasive adenoviral infections provide new paradigms for the monitoring and clinical... (Review)
Review
Management of adenovirus infection in patients after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: State-of-the-art and real-life current approach: A position statement on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation.
The important insights gained over the past years in diagnosis and treatment of invasive adenoviral infections provide new paradigms for the monitoring and clinical management of these life-threatening complications. A meeting was held to discuss and subsequently disseminate the current advances in our understanding of the aetiology/pathogenesis and future treatment options facilitating effective control or prevention of adenovirus-related diseases in the allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant setting. Invited experts in the field discussed recent progress with leading members of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation at the "State-of-the-art" Meeting in Poznan, Poland, in October 2017. In this review article, the panel of experts presents a concise summary of the current evidence based on published data from the last 15 years and on recent achievements resulting from real-life practice. The present position statement reflects an expert opinion on current approaches to clinical management of adenovirus infections in patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant and provides graded recommendations of the panel for diagnostic approaches and preemptive therapy reflecting the present state of knowledge.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Antiviral Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Management; Gastrointestinal Tract; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Immunotherapy; Recurrence; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29663594
DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1980 -
Avian Diseases Sep 2020Hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome, a recently emerged disease of chickens, is caused by some strains of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4). However, the relationship...
Hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome, a recently emerged disease of chickens, is caused by some strains of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4). However, the relationship between the immune response and cytokine expression during FAdV-4 infection is largely unknown. In this study, our data showed that all chickens exhibited typical clinical signs and lesions and that the viral load was significantly increased in both the liver and thymus following FAdV-4 infection. We also found that the appearance of tissue lesions in the liver and thymus was consistent with the viral copy numbers, indicating that virus replication in systemic organs closely correlated with disease progression. In addition, the effects of FAdV-4 infection on the transcription of some avian cytokines were studied in vivo. In general, expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-α and IFN-β in the liver and thymus was strongly upregulated. Interestingly, the expression of IL-2 was the most highly upregulated. Expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and TGF-β2, were also upregulated. Moreover, we investigated both the humoral and cellular immune responses in chickens infected with FAdV-4. Compared to those in the noninfected chickens, the antibody levels in chickens infected with FAdV-4 were significantly increased within 30 days postinfection. In addition, the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells was decreased in FAdV-4-infected chickens. Taken together, these findings increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of FAdV-4 in chickens and provide a foundation for additional pathogenesis studies.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Aviadenovirus; Chickens; Immunity, Innate; Poultry Diseases; Serogroup; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Virulence
PubMed: 33205176
DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-D-20-00004 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Sep 2022Adenoviral infections among raptors are best described in falcons and are characterized most commonly by necrotizing hepatitis and splenitis; only one case has been...
Adenoviral infections among raptors are best described in falcons and are characterized most commonly by necrotizing hepatitis and splenitis; only one case has been reported in a hawk. Five red-tailed hawks () and a broad-winged hawk () had an adenoviral infection based on history, histopathology, negative-stain electron microscopy, and PCR. All birds had acute onset of illness resulting in death; 3 had evidence of a concurrent bacterial infection. Microscopically, all 6 birds had solitary, pale eosinophilic-to-amphophilic, intranuclear inclusion bodies within presumed hematopoietic cells in bone marrow and macrophages in spleen. Five of the 6 birds had similar inclusions within hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. All but one bird had severe bone marrow necrosis. There was moderate splenic necrosis (3 of 6) and mild-to-marked hepatic necrosis (4 of 6). Negative-stain electron microscopy demonstrated adenoviral particles in bone marrow (5 of 6), liver (1 of 5), and/or spleen (1 of 5). PCR was positive for adenovirus in bone marrow (3 of 5), liver (1 of 3), spleen (4 of 6), and/or intestinal contents (2 of 3). Viral DNA polymerase gene sequences clustered within the genus. There was 99% nucleotide identity to one another and 90% nucleotide identity with the closest related adenovirus (Harris hawk, EU715130). Our case series expands on the limited knowledge of adenoviral infections in hawks. The splenic and hepatic necrosis, and particularly the hitherto unreported bone marrow necrosis, suggest that adenoviral infection is clinically relevant and potentially fatal in hawks.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Bird Diseases; Birds; Hawks; Necrosis; Nucleotides
PubMed: 35762098
DOI: 10.1177/10406387221105240 -
Bone Marrow Transplantation Aug 2019To determine the current practices on the management of Adenovirus (ADV) infection after allogenic stem cell transplantation, a survey was undertook among EBMT centres....
To determine the current practices on the management of Adenovirus (ADV) infection after allogenic stem cell transplantation, a survey was undertook among EBMT centres. The response rate was 20% (91/446): 46% were adult, 44% were paediatric and 10% were mixed centres, respectively. The overall incidence of ADV infection was 7.1%: 4.1% in adult, 15.4% in paediatric, and 3.6% in mixed population. The determination of ADV-DNA in biological samples was used in 96% of centres; 58% of them monitored asymptomatic patients with a frequency of twice a week in 9%, once a week in 45%, every two weeks in 4% of centres. The treatment of ADV infection was mainly based on the administration of cidofovir (87%), being the schedule of 5 mg/kg/week with probenecid the most used, and the reduction of immunosuppression (84%). The threshold of ADV-DNAemia to start cidofovir in high-risk patients was most frequently >1000 copies/ml. Innovative treatments, such as brincidofovir and adoptive ADV-cytotoxic-T-lymphocytes, were used in 27% and 20% of centres, respectively. Almost all responding centres consider ADV infection serious enough to deserve testing asymptomatic or symptomatic patients. Cidofovir and reduction of immunosuppression represent the main therapeutic options but one fourth of responding centres experimented novel therapies.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Incidence; Transplantation Conditioning
PubMed: 30546071
DOI: 10.1038/s41409-018-0421-0 -
Journal of Medical Virology Aug 2022Precise prevention and control measures have been adopted to impede the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. This study was performed to...
Precise prevention and control measures have been adopted to impede the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. This study was performed to investigate the effect of protective measures on gastrointestinal infection in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data on the rotavirus and adenovirus antigen tests were collected in outpatient children due to gastroenteritis from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020, at the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. According to age and month distribution, the positive number and rate of rotavirus and adenovirus in 2020 were compared with 2019. A 3.8-fold and 4-fold reduction in the number of rotavirus- and adenovirus-positive patients in 2020 were found, respectively. The overall positive rate of rotavirus and adenovirus infection was drastically decreased in 2020 (rotavirus 2020: 18.18% vs. 2019: 9.75%, p < 0.001; adenovirus 2020: 3.13% vs. 2019: 1.58%, p < 0.001). The proportions of rotavirus and adenovirus in all age groups in 2020 decreased compared with those in 2019. The highest frequency of rotavirus infection occurred among children aged 1-3 years both in 2019 and 2020 (2019: 27.95% vs. 2020: 17.19%, p < 0.001), while adenovirus infection was detected in children aged 3-5 years, which had the highest percent positivity (2019: 8.19% vs. 2020: 4.46%; p < 0.001). An obvious peak prevalence of rotavirus incidence was found during December-April, and the percent positivity of rotavirus significantly decreased in 2020 (December 2019: 24.26% vs. 2020: 8.44%, p < 0.001; January 2019: 40.67% vs. 2020: 38.18%, p < 0.05; February 2019: 40.73% vs. 2020: 15.04%, p < 0.001; March 2019: 31.47% vs. 2020: 7.88%, p < 0.001; April 2019: 15.52% vs. 2020: 4.78%, p < 0.001). The positive rate of adenovirus distributed throughout 2019 was 1.91%-4.86%, while the percent positivity during 2020 in the same period was much lower (0.00%-3.58%). Our results confirmed that the preventive and control measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic and the collateral benefit of these interventions have significantly decreased the transmission of rotavirus or adenovirus.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Antigens, Viral; COVID-19; Child; Enterovirus; Enterovirus Infections; Feces; Humans; Infant; Pandemics; Rotavirus; Rotavirus Infections; Seasons
PubMed: 35474224
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27806 -
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome 2021Adenovirus-36 (Ad-36) seropositivity has been shown to be involved in the aetiology of obesity. The aim of this study was to examine Ad-36 positivity in obese and...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Adenovirus-36 (Ad-36) seropositivity has been shown to be involved in the aetiology of obesity. The aim of this study was to examine Ad-36 positivity in obese and normal-weight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
METHODS
There were two groups including 92 and 110 subjects. This study was a prospective case-control study. The enzyme-immunoassay method was used to quantitatively determine antibodies (Abs) specific to human Ad-36 in the serum samples. Age, body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose levels and insulin levels of the participants were recorded. The PCOS and control group patients were divided into two groups: the overweight group with BMI ≥25 kg/m and non-obese group with BMI <25 kg/m.
RESULTS
Ad-36 Ab positivity in the PCOS group was found to be significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.001). Ad-36 Ab positivity was significantly higher in the PCOS obese group than in the control obese group (p < 0.001). Ad-36 Ab positivity and BMI ≥25 kg/m were identified as independent predictors of PCOS in logistic regression analysis.
CONCLUSION
Ad-36 Ab positivity was significantly higher in the obese/overweight PCOS patients. Obesity can be prevented in patients with PCOS by treating Ad-36.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Adolescent; Adult; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Obesity; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Prospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 33581595
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.01.019 -
Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi = Zhonghua... Apr 2023To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of adenovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A total of 26 patients with...
To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of adenovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A total of 26 patients with adenovirus infection admitted to the posttransplant ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from 2018 to 2022 were enrolled. Their data on baseline and clinical characteristics, treatment, and follow-up were analyzed. The median patient age was 30 (22, 44) years. Twenty-two patients received related haploid stem cell transplantation, three received unrelated stem cell transplantation, and one received umbilical cord stem cell transplantation. Antithymocyte globulin was included in the conditioning regimen in 25 patients. The median time of adenovirus infection was +95 (+44, +152) days. The median peripheral blood lymphocyte count was 0.30 (0.11, 0.69) × 10(9)/L. Twelve patients had acute graft-versus-host disease. Twenty-four patients received antirejection therapies at diagnosis. Sixteen cases had combined infection with other pathogens with adenovirus infection. Eight cases were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection, and 18 were diagnosed as adenovirus disease, including pneumonia (38.89% ) , gastrointestinal disease (38.89% ) , encephalitis (33.33% ) , hepatitis (5.56% ) , and urinary tract inflammation (5.56% ) . The age of >30 years was a risk factor for adenovirus disease (=0.03) . Eighteen patients received tapering of immunosuppression, and all 26 patients received at least one antiviral drug. Other treatments included high-dose gamma globulin and donor lymphocyte infusion. Adenovirus infection improved in 10 cases and progressed in 16 cases. The median follow-up time was 30 (7, 237) days. Twenty-two patients died. The all-cause mortality rate was (88.5±7.1) % , and the attributable mortality rate was 45.5% . There was no significant difference in the 100 d survival rate between asymptomatic infected patients and patients diagnosed with adenovirus disease (37.5% 22.2% , =1.83, 95% 0.66-5.04, =0.24) . The age of >30 years was a risk factor for adenovirus disease. Mortality was high in patients with adenovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Graft vs Host Disease; Antilymphocyte Serum; Transplantation, Homologous; Adenoviridae Infections; Transplantation Conditioning; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37356999
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2023.04.007 -
Clinical Laboratory Oct 2018Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare benign disease. We report a case of TO. Chest CT scan and bronchoscope with biopsy was performed for diagnosis...
Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare benign disease. We report a case of TO. Chest CT scan and bronchoscope with biopsy was performed for diagnosis and blood tests explored for the latent etiology. Chest CT scan and bronchoscopic images showed multiple nodular protrusions in the trachea and main bronchi. Histopathology demonstrated sub-mucosal ossification and inflammatory cell infiltration. Laboratory inspection showed adenovirus and coxsackie B virus IgM antibodies were positive. The patient recently had a virus infection and inflammation was observed in histopathology, which indicated adenovirus and coxsackie B virus may play a role in the occurrence or exacerbation of TO.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Biopsy; Bronchi; Bronchoscopy; Coxsackievirus Infections; Enterovirus B, Human; Humans; Osteochondrodysplasias; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Trachea; Tracheal Diseases
PubMed: 30549982
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2018.180618 -
MBio May 2018As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses are dependent on their infected hosts for survival. Consequently, viruses are under enormous selective pressure to utilize... (Review)
Review
As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses are dependent on their infected hosts for survival. Consequently, viruses are under enormous selective pressure to utilize available cellular components and processes to their own advantage. As most, if not all, cellular activities are regulated at some level via protein interactions, host protein interaction networks are particularly vulnerable to viral exploitation. Indeed, viral proteins frequently target highly connected "hub" proteins to "hack" the cellular network, defining the molecular basis for viral control over the host. This widespread and successful strategy of network intrusion and exploitation has evolved convergently among numerous genetically distinct viruses as a result of the endless evolutionary arms race between pathogens and hosts. Here we examine the means by which a particularly well-connected viral hub protein, human adenovirus E1A, compromises and exploits the vulnerabilities of eukaryotic protein interaction networks. Importantly, these interactions identify critical regulatory hubs in the human proteome and help define the molecular basis of their function.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Adenovirus E1A Proteins; Animals; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans
PubMed: 29717008
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00390-18