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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023
Topics: Humans; Exercise; Resistance Training; Endocrinology
PubMed: 38179305
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1344032 -
PloS One 2023Aerobic exercise and action observation are two clinic-ready modes of neural priming that have the potential to enhance subsequent motor learning. Prior work using...
Aerobic exercise and action observation are two clinic-ready modes of neural priming that have the potential to enhance subsequent motor learning. Prior work using transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess priming effects have shown changes in corticospinal excitability involving intra- and interhemispheric circuitry. The objective of this study was to determine outcomes exclusive to priming- how aerobic exercise and action observation priming influence functional connectivity within a sensorimotor neural network using electroencephalography. We hypothesized that both action observation and aerobic exercise priming would alter resting-state coherence measures between dominant primary motor cortex and motor-related areas in alpha (7-12 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) frequency bands with effects most apparent in the high beta (20-30 Hz) band. Nine unimpaired individuals (24.8 ± 3 years) completed a repeated-measures cross-over study where they received a single five-minute bout of action observation or moderate-intensity aerobic exercise priming in random order with a one-week washout period. Serial resting-state electroencephalography recordings acquired from 0 to 30 minutes following aerobic and action observation priming revealed increased alpha and beta coherence between leads overlying dominant primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area relative to pre- and immediate post-priming timepoints. Aerobic exercise priming also resulted in enhanced high beta coherence between leads overlying dominant primary motor and parietal cortices. These findings indicate that a brief bout of aerobic- or action observation-based priming modulates functional connectivity with effects most pronounced with aerobic priming. The gradual increases in coherence observed over a 10 to 30-minute post-priming window may guide the pairing of aerobic- or action observation-based priming with subsequent training to optimize learning-related outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Over Studies; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Exercise; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Motor Activity
PubMed: 37023070
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283975 -
The Journal of Sports Medicine and... Feb 2024Diabetes is a worldwide chronic disease. The incidence rate of this disease is high, and it is a common disease in clinics. At present, the incidence rate of diabetes... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Diabetes is a worldwide chronic disease. The incidence rate of this disease is high, and it is a common disease in clinics. At present, the incidence rate of diabetes patients is increasing year by year due to the increasing work pressure, the accelerated pace of life, the change of diet, the reduction of labor, and the acceleration of aging.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
The computer retrieves four databases to obtain random controlled trials on the influence of resistance exercise and aerobic exercise on type 2 diabetes. After a rigorous literature quality evaluation, data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Ten studies were ultimately included in this meta-analysis. 10 studies reported the HbA
1c of the test group and the control group, which was no significant statistical significance (SMD: -0.01; 95% CI: -0.20,0.19; P=0.959) than the control group, HOMA-IR (SMD: 0.02; 95% CI: -0.65,0.69; P=0.954), SBP (SMD: 3.92; 95% CI: -0.92,8.75; P=0.112), DBP (SMD: 0.67; 95% CI: -3.66,5.01; P=0.761), HDL (SMD: -0.08; 95% CI: -2.79,2.64; P=0.955), TG (SMD: -7.51; 95% CI: -21.25,6.22; P=0.284) and TC (SMD: 9.10; 95% CI: -13.43,31.62; P=0.428).CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that both resistance exercise and aerobic exercise may be effective on patients with type 2 diabetes, as evidenced by HbA
1c , HOMA-IR, SBP, DBP, HDL, TG and TC. There is no significant difference in their impact on type 2 diabetes patients, and the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies.Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Resistance Training; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Diet
PubMed: 38059652
DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.23.15263-7 -
Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance Aug 2023Aerobic exercise within the habitable volume of small spacecraft needed for space exploration beyond low Earth orbit is expected to challenge the capacity of...
Aerobic exercise within the habitable volume of small spacecraft needed for space exploration beyond low Earth orbit is expected to challenge the capacity of environmental control systems. Moisture control is a primary concern. Crewmembers will contribute moisture to the cabin environment in the form of sweat while exercising. The effects of continuous aerobic exercise for improving and maintaining aerobic capacity is well characterized. Likewise, evidence suggests that high intensity interval exercise for shorter durations is also effective in building and maintaining aerobic capacity. On separate days, measures of sweat and respiratory responses were made for continuous (30 min of steady state exercise at ∼75% of aerobic capacity) and two interval (4 × 4 min, 8 × 30 s) exercise protocols. We observed that the 4-min and 30-s interval protocols produce 16% and 66% less metabolic water loss vs. the continuous exercise protocol, respectively. These responses were highly correlated with the amount of work performed (R² = 0.81) and the amount of energy expenditure (R² = 0.83) during exercise. These results suggest that interval exercise may be a useful alternative to continuous aerobic exercise when metabolic water production is an environmental concern. The results may inform the choices of aerobic exercise countermeasure protocols for use in deep space exploration.
Topics: Humans; Sweat; Exercise; Energy Metabolism; Space Flight; Exercise Tolerance
PubMed: 37501297
DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.6171.2023 -
Advances in Physiology Education Dec 2014Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death in the United States and other modern societies. Advancing age is the major risk factor for CVD,... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death in the United States and other modern societies. Advancing age is the major risk factor for CVD, primarily due to stiffening of the large elastic arteries and the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction. In contrast, regular aerobic exercise protects against the development of large elastic artery stiffness and vascular endothelial dysfunction with advancing age. Moreover, aerobic exercise interventions reduce arterial stiffness and restore vascular endothelial function in previously sedentary middle-aged/older adults. Aerobic exercise exerts its beneficial effects on arterial function by modulating structural proteins, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and restoring nitric oxide bioavailability. Aerobic exercise may also promote "resistance" against factors that reduce vascular function and increase CVD risk with age. Preventing excessive increases in abdominal adiposity, following healthy dietary practices, maintaining a low CVD risk factor profile, and, possibly, selective use of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals also play a major role in preserving vascular function with aging.
Topics: Aging; Endothelium, Vascular; Exercise; Humans; Life Style; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction Behavior; Vascular Stiffness
PubMed: 25434012
DOI: 10.1152/advan.00088.2014 -
Current Pain and Headache Reports Feb 2021With this review, we aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on migraine and explored the possibility of exercise as a treatment option for migraine. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
With this review, we aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on migraine and explored the possibility of exercise as a treatment option for migraine.
RECENT FINDINGS
A close association of physical activity and exercise with migraine has been reported in clinical and population-based studies. Recent randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of aerobic exercise as a migraine-preventive treatment have revealed a notable improvement in migraine symptoms. Data on the effect of anaerobic exercise and exercise for flexibility, coordination, and relaxation on migraine are currently insufficient to make any recommendations. Possible pathways for the attenuation of migraine by exercise include the endogenous opioid and cannabinoid systems, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, inflammation, and behavioral/psychological factors. Regarding efficacy, side effects, and health benefits, aerobic exercise is a potentially beneficial strategy in the preventive treatment of migraine. Further studies are needed to delineate an evidence-based exercise program for migraine treatment.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33630184
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-020-00929-w -
Physiology & Behavior Oct 2023This study aimed to investigate the impact and mechanism of gut microbiota on the enhancement of cognitive function in methamphetamine (MA)-dependent individuals during... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the impact and mechanism of gut microbiota on the enhancement of cognitive function in methamphetamine (MA)-dependent individuals during aerobic exercise training.
METHODS
A total of sixty-four MA-dependent individuals were randomly assigned to either an aerobic exercise training group (DK, n = 32) or a conventional rehabilitation group (CK, n = 32). After an eight-week intervention, the participants' working memory and inhibition ability were assessed using the Stroop paradigm and Go/NoGo paradigm, respectively. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing.
RESULTS
1) Eight weeks of aerobic exercise training significantly improved the working memory and inhibition ability of MA-dependent individuals (P < 0.05). 2) Following the intervention, the DK group exhibited significantly higher levels of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus lactis, Prevotellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae compared to the CK group. Conversely, the DK group demonstrated significantly lower levels of Desulfovibrio and Akkermansia compared to the CK group. Furthermore, the DK group showed significantly increased metabolic pathways associated with d-Glutaralate and d-Galactate Degradation, as well as the Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism pathway, compared to the control group. 3) Cognitive function related to MA addiction positively correlated with Bifidobacterium, Dialister, and Adlercreutzia, while negatively correlated with Enterobacteria, Bacillus cereus, Catabacter, and Akkermansia.
CONCLUSION
Aerobic exercise training enhances working memory and inhibition ability in MA-dependent individuals, thereby mitigating the detrimental effects of MA addiction on cognitive function. Additionally, analysis of gut microbiota suggests that the modulation of gut microbiota and associated metabolic pathways play a role in regulating the improvement of cognitive function in MA-dependent individuals through exercise.
Topics: Humans; Cognition; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Methamphetamine
PubMed: 37474085
DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114302 -
Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... Nov 2022Tumour blood vessels are structurally and functionally abnormal, resulting in areas of hypoxia and heterogeneous blood supply. Aerobic exercise may modulate tumour blood... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
Tumour blood vessels are structurally and functionally abnormal, resulting in areas of hypoxia and heterogeneous blood supply. Aerobic exercise may modulate tumour blood flow and normalise the tumour microenvironment to improve chemotherapy delivery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of the aerobic exercise mode on tumour hypoxia, vascularisation and blood flow.
METHODS
Four online databases were searched. Preclinical and clinical randomised controlled trials examining the effects of aerobic exercise training on hypoxia, vascularisation or blood flow in solid tumours were included. The risk of bias was assessed and a meta-analysis performed.
RESULTS
Seventeen preclinical studies and one clinical study met criteria. Eleven studies assessed hypoxia, 15 studies assessed vascularisation and seven evaluated blood flow. There was large variability in measurement methods, tumour types and exercise program designs. The overall risk of bias was unclear in clinical and preclinical studies, owing to poor reporting. There was no significant effect of aerobic exercise on hypoxia (SMD = -0.17; 95% CI = -0.62, 0.28; I = 60%), vascularisation (SMD = 0.07; 95% CI = -0.40, 0.55; I = 71%) or blood flow (SMD = 0.01; 95% CI = -0.59, 0.61; I = 63%).
CONCLUSION
There is heterogeneity in methodology, resulting in evidence that is inconsistent and inconclusive for the effects of aerobic exercise on hypoxia, vascularisation and blood flow. Most evidence of aerobic exercise effects on tumour blood flow is in animal models, with very limited evidence in humans.
Topics: Humans; Exercise; Neoplasms; Hypoxia; Exercise Therapy; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 35650456
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07132-0 -
Aerobic Exercise Changes Low-Frequency Functional and Effective Connectivity in Cognitive Load Task.Annual International Conference of the... Jul 2023As is well known, cognitive performances are highly influenced by cognitive load, so it is meaningful to find some ways to effectively reduce the cognitive load. In...
As is well known, cognitive performances are highly influenced by cognitive load, so it is meaningful to find some ways to effectively reduce the cognitive load. In particular, aerobic exercise is a promising way. However, the neural evidence is still lacking in understanding how aerobic exercise minimizes cognitive load. To solve the problem, this study adopted the N-back task in both the before (BE) and after (AE) aerobic exercise periods, behavioral and EEG data were recorded from 21 participants. Functional connectivity was constructed by the weighted phase lag index (WPLI), and effective connectivity was constructed by the partially directed coherent (PDC). Consequently, by comparing the connection strength and pattern of BE and AE, it is found that in low-frequency (0~8 Hz), aerobic exercise could enhance the connection strength of WPLI networks under high cognitive load, and increase the importance of the forehead region in the communication of PDC networks under low cognitive load. These results could advance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of how aerobic exercise modulates cognitive load.
Topics: Humans; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Frontal Lobe; Cognition
PubMed: 38082696
DOI: 10.1109/EMBC40787.2023.10340660 -
Stroke Jul 2015
Review
Topics: Animals; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Humans; Resistance Training; Stroke
PubMed: 26012638
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.006649