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Microorganisms Mar 2023Microorganisms responsible for genitourinary infections increasingly include species other than conventional etiological agents that are of clinical and pathogenic...
Microorganisms responsible for genitourinary infections increasingly include species other than conventional etiological agents that are of clinical and pathogenic relevance and therapeutic interest. This cross-sectional descriptive study selected samples from clinical genitourinary episodes between January 2016 and December 2019 in which emerging microbiological agents were detected. The patients' epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentation, antibiotic treatment, and outcome were studied to identify their pathogenic role. The emerging microorganisms most frequently detected in urinary tract infections were (58.5%) and spp. (23.6%) in females and (32.3%), (18.6%), and spp. (16.9%) in males, while the most frequently detected in genital infections were (36.4%) in females and (32.2%) and spp. (35.6%) in males. All cases in female children were produced by Symptomatic episodes were more frequent with spp. and and the presence of leukocytosis more frequent with spp. Quinolones and doxycycline were most often prescribed antibiotics for genital infections and quinolones and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for urinary infections. Urinary infection by spp. was more frequent in males of advanced age, spp. was more frequent in permanent vesical catheter carriers, and episodes of asymptomatic bacteriuria by spp. were more frequent in patients with kidney transplant and chronic consumers of corticosteroid therapy. spp. should be considered in urinary infections of patients of advanced age and with a previous antibiotic load. Genital infection by spp. was significantly associated with a history of risky sexual relations.
PubMed: 37110339
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040915 -
European Journal of Clinical... May 2016The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of aerococcal bacteraemia in the MALDI-TOF MS-era, to describe the clinical presentation and to determine the...
The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of aerococcal bacteraemia in the MALDI-TOF MS-era, to describe the clinical presentation and to determine the MIC values of aerococci for ten antibiotics. Aerococci in blood cultures were identified through searches in the laboratory database for the years 2012-2014. MALDI-TOF MS, sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and a PYR test were used for species identification. Patients' medical charts were systematically reviewed. Etests were used to determine MIC values. Seventy-seven patients were identified (Aerococcus urinae n = 49, Aerococcus viridans n = 14, Aerococcus sanguinicola n = 13 and Aerococcus christensenii n = 1) corresponding to incidences of 14 cases per 1,000,000 inhabitants per year (A. urinae) and 3.5 cases per 1,000,000 inhabitants per year (A. sanguinicola and A.viridans). A. urinae was in pure culture in 61 %, A. sanguinicola in 46 % and A. viridans in 36 % of the cases. The A. urinae and A. sanguinicola patients were old and many had urinary tract disorders, and a majority had a suspected urinary tract focus of the bacteraemia. Eighty percent of the A. urinae patients were men. Five A. urinae patients were diagnosed with infective endocarditis. Six patients died within 30 days. Most isolates had low MICs to penicillins and carbapenems. MALDI-TOF MS has led to an increased identification of aerococcal bacteremia. A. urinae remains the most common Aerococcus in blood cultures and in aerococcal IE.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aerococcus; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Child; Child, Preschool; Comorbidity; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Infant; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Mortality; Population Surveillance; Retrospective Studies; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Young Adult
PubMed: 26838685
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2594-z -
IDCases 2016Aerococcus urinae is a rare bacteria usually associated with urinary tract infection. It is unusually associated with endocarditis. To date only 18 cases have been...
Aerococcus urinae is a rare bacteria usually associated with urinary tract infection. It is unusually associated with endocarditis. To date only 18 cases have been reported. Among these cases, the majority had aortic valve involvement. Three had mitral and aortic valve involvement, and two had mitral and tricuspid valve involvement. We present the first reported case of A. urinae associated aortic and tricuspid valve endocarditis. Timely recognition and appropriate treatment of this fatal infection is essential to decrease morbidity and mortality.
PubMed: 27051583
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2016.01.007 -
Case Reports in Urology 2015A 49-year-old male presented to the emergency with hematuria and pain in the shaft of the penis for one day. The patient was found to be in a state of shock. The shaft...
A 49-year-old male presented to the emergency with hematuria and pain in the shaft of the penis for one day. The patient was found to be in a state of shock. The shaft of the penis and the scrotum were swollen and tender. No skin necrosis was observed and no crepitus was palpable. Serum white count (WBC) was 29.5 × 10(3)/μL. A CT scan showed gas in the corpus spongiosum. Antibiotics were started with IV metronidazole, vancomycin, and piperacillin/tazobactam. Metronidazole was then replaced by clindamycin. Exploration was performed but no necrotic tissue was identified. Cystourethroscopy revealed dusky looking urethra. A suprapubic tube and a urethral catheter were placed in the bladder. WBC trended down to 13.9 × 10(3)/μL on the fourth postoperative day. Urine culture grew Aerococcus urinae and blood cultures grew Alpha Hemolytic Streptococcus. On the sixth day, the patient was feeling worse and WBC increased. MRI revealed absent blood flow to the corpus spongiosum. Urethroscopy revealed necrosis of the urethra. Urethrectomy was performed via perineal approach. The patient immediately improved. The patient was discharged on the sixth postoperative day to continue ampicillin/sulbactam IV every 6 hours for a total of 4 weeks from the day of urethrectomy.
PubMed: 26171271
DOI: 10.1155/2015/136147 -
Open Forum Infectious Diseases Dec 2019is a Gram-positive coccus that is increasingly recognized as a urinary pathogen since the introduction of mass spectrometry for identification of bacteria. We report a...
BACKGROUND
is a Gram-positive coccus that is increasingly recognized as a urinary pathogen since the introduction of mass spectrometry for identification of bacteria. We report a case of abdominal aortitis (with aneurysm) caused by in a male with recurrent urinary tract infections and recently treated bacteremia. A 63-year-old gentleman with a history of urosepsis 7 weeks prior, presented to the Emergency Department with thoracolumbar back pain radiating bilaterally into the groin. Radiological and surgical findings were consistent with infective infrarenal aortitis with aneurysm.
METHODS
The patient successfully underwent open surgical debridement and reconstruction of the infrarenal aorta with autologous vein graft.
RESULTS
was isolated from excised tissue. The patient completed a 4-week course of intravenous antimicrobial therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
is a urinary pathogen with the ability to cause severe invasive disease including endovascular infections.
PubMed: 31850388
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz453 -
American Journal of Health-system... Nov 2018The clinical and microbiological data for urinary tract infections (UTIs) for 6 organisms detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The clinical and microbiological data for urinary tract infections (UTIs) for 6 organisms detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) at community health systems were examined.
SUMMARY
The use of precision microbiological diagnostic testing such as MALDI-TOF and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction has increased the ability to detect a wider spectrum of organisms. This has raised questions of the clinical relevance of infrequently encountered organisms, especially when cultured from urine. This article reviews clinical and microbiological data for UTIs for 6 organisms detected by MALDI-TOF at community health systems (, , , , and ). Since little information currently exists, most of the data associating the aforementioned organisms with UTIs were derived from case reports. Although these organisms are more readily identified using precision microbiological diagnostic testing methods, infection should not be assumed based on culture results alone since asymptomatic bacteriuria has been reported. Similar to more common urinary pathogens, clinical correlation is essential. To facilitate treatment, we provide a table of empirical options likely to achieve clinical success based on in vivo and in vitro data. If available, pathogen-specific susceptibility data should be used to direct therapy.
CONCLUSION
Clinical and microbiological data and potential treatment options were presented for 6 traditionally underrecognized organisms that are increasingly being found from urinary specimens. The treatment recommendations should be interpreted cautiously as they were devised through the use of very limited data.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Aerococcus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chryseobacterium; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium Infections; Flavobacteriaceae Infections; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 30404894
DOI: 10.2146/ajhp180208 -
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory... Jun 2024The EFLM Task and Finish Group Urinalysis has updated the ECLM European Urinalysis Guidelines (2000) on urinalysis and urine bacterial culture, to improve accuracy of...
BACKGROUND
The EFLM Task and Finish Group Urinalysis has updated the ECLM European Urinalysis Guidelines (2000) on urinalysis and urine bacterial culture, to improve accuracy of these examinations in European clinical laboratories, and to support diagnostic industry to develop new technologies.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Graded recommendations were built in the following areas.
MEDICAL NEEDS AND TEST REQUISITION
Strategies of urine testing are described to patients with complicated or uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI), and high or low-risk to kidney disease.
SPECIMEN COLLECTION
Patient preparation, and urine collection are supported with two quality indicators: contamination rate (cultures), and density of urine (chemistry, particles).
CHEMISTRY
Measurements of both urine albumin and α1-microglobulin are recommended for sensitive detection of kidney disease in high-risk patients. Performance specifications are given for urine protein measurements and quality control of multiproperty strip tests.
PARTICLES
Procedures for microscopy are reviewed for diagnostic urine particles, including urine bacteria. Technologies in automated particle counting and visual microscopy are updated with advice how to verify new instruments with the reference microscopy.
BACTERIOLOGY
Chromogenic agar is recommended as primary medium in urine cultures. Limits of significant growth are reviewed, with an optimised workflow for routine specimens, using leukocyturia to reduce less important antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Automation in bacteriology is encouraged to shorten turn-around times. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry is applicable for rapid identification of uropathogens. and are taken into the list of uropathogens. A reference examination procedure was developed for urine bacterial cultures.
PubMed: 38534005
DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0070 -
EJIFCC Jun 2020is currently more frequently identified since the introduction of MALDI-TOF MS technique in routine laboratories. Serious infections such as endocarditis and...
is currently more frequently identified since the introduction of MALDI-TOF MS technique in routine laboratories. Serious infections such as endocarditis and spondylodiscitis are increasingly reported in the literature. This is a case of septic spondylodiscitis and bacteremia due to with a urinary starting point.
PubMed: 32549885
DOI: No ID Found -
Microorganisms Dec 2023is an aerobic Gram-positive coccus that grows as tiny alpha-hemolytic colonies. is a slow-growing facultative anaerobic Gram-positive rod. These bacteria are part of...
is an aerobic Gram-positive coccus that grows as tiny alpha-hemolytic colonies. is a slow-growing facultative anaerobic Gram-positive rod. These bacteria are part of the urogenital microbiota of healthy patients, but can also be involved in urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly in elderly men and young children. Because and are fastidious and are difficult to identify with phenotypic methods, they are underestimated causes of UTIs. Their growth is slow and requires a blood-enriched medium incubated under an anaerobic or 5% CO atmosphere for 48 h and from 24 to 48 h for and , respectively. Furthermore, accurate identification is only possible using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) or molecular-based methods. In rare cases, these bacteria can be responsible for invasive infections. We describe, here, an unusual case of bacteremic UTI caused by both and in an 89-year-old woman. She presented with dyspnea, and bacteriuria was noted. This challenging clinical and microbiological diagnosis was made in our laboratory by Gram staining urine with a leucocyte count >50/μL and/or a bacterial count >14/μL urinary culture on a blood agar plate. After 10 days of antimicrobial treatment consisting of 2 g amoxicillin PO t.i.d., the patient was discharged with a complete clinical and biological recovery. and are probably still underestimated causes of UTIs. Microbiologists could consider the presence of these two bacteria using appropriate culture and identification methods in cases where a positive direct examination of urine reveals small Gram-positive rods or cocci, where undocumented UTIs are present in elderly patients, but also where a urinary dipstick is negative for nitrites and is associated with leukocyturia.
PubMed: 38138052
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122908 -
Genome Announcements Apr 2016Strains belonging to the genus Aerococcus are causative agents of human and animal infections, including urogenital infections, bacteremia/septicemia, and infective...
Complete Genome Sequences of Aerococcus christensenii CCUG 28831T, Aerococcus sanguinicola CCUG 43001T, Aerococcus urinae CCUG 36881T, Aerococcus urinaeequi CCUG 28094T, Aerococcus urinaehominis CCUG 42038 BT, and Aerococcus viridans CCUG 4311T.
Strains belonging to the genus Aerococcus are causative agents of human and animal infections, including urogenital infections, bacteremia/septicemia, and infective endocarditis. This study reports the first fully closed and complete genome sequences of six type strains belonging to the genus Aerococcus using a combination of Illumina HiSeq and PacBio sequencing technologies.
PubMed: 27103727
DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00302-16