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Microorganisms May 2023For a long time, the bacterial species seemed to be limited to a regrouping of psychrophilic subspecies that infect fish, particularly salmonids [...].
For a long time, the bacterial species seemed to be limited to a regrouping of psychrophilic subspecies that infect fish, particularly salmonids [...].
PubMed: 37317163
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051189 -
RNA (New York, N.Y.) Sep 2023Unique chemical and physical properties are introduced by inserting selenocysteine (Sec) at specific sites within proteins. Recombinant and facile production of...
Unique chemical and physical properties are introduced by inserting selenocysteine (Sec) at specific sites within proteins. Recombinant and facile production of eukaryotic selenoproteins would benefit from a yeast expression system; however, the selenoprotein biosynthetic pathway was lost in the evolution of the kingdom Fungi as it diverged from its eukaryotic relatives. Based on our previous development of efficient selenoprotein production in bacteria, we designed a novel Sec biosynthesis pathway in using translation components. tRNA was mutated to resemble tRNA to allow recognition by seryl-tRNA synthetase as well as selenocysteine synthase (SelA) and selenophosphate synthetase (SelD). Expression of these Sec pathway components was then combined with metabolic engineering of yeast to enable the production of active methionine sulfate reductase enzyme containing genetically encoded Sec. Our report is the first demonstration that yeast is capable of selenoprotein production by site-specific incorporation of Sec.
Topics: Codon, Terminator; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Aeromonas salmonicida; Protein Engineering; RNA, Transfer, Cys; Humans; Nucleic Acid Conformation
PubMed: 37279998
DOI: 10.1261/rna.079658.123 -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Mar 2021High-throughput genomic sequencing has helped to reveal the plasmidome of Aeromonas salmonicida. This literature review provides an overview of A. salmonicida's rich... (Review)
Review
High-throughput genomic sequencing has helped to reveal the plasmidome of Aeromonas salmonicida. This literature review provides an overview of A. salmonicida's rich plasmidome by presenting all the plasmids identified so far, addressing their biological importance and the functional links between them. The plasmids of A. salmonicida, especially those bearing antibiotic resistance genes, can provide clues about interactions of this species with other pathogens (animals and humans), as is the case for pRAS3-3432 and Chlamydia suis or pSN254b and Salmonella enterica. In addition to antibiotic resistance, plasmids play an important role in the virulence of A. salmonicida, particularly for the subspecies salmonicida and the plasmid pAsa5, which carries genes for the type-three secretion system, a virulence factor essential for the bacterium. The A. salmonicida plasmidome also has many cryptic plasmids with no known biological function, but which can be used for the acquisition of new genetic elements. Striking examples are pAsa7 and pAsaXII that provide, respectively, resistance to chloramphenicol and formaldehyde and are derivatives of cryptic pAsa2.
Topics: Aeromonas salmonicida; Animals; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Evolution, Molecular; Genetic Variation; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Plasmids
PubMed: 33040386
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14503 -
Microorganisms Oct 2022Lumpfish is utilized as a cleaner fish to biocontrol sealice infestations in Atlantic salmon farms. , a Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen, is the...
Lumpfish is utilized as a cleaner fish to biocontrol sealice infestations in Atlantic salmon farms. , a Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen, is the causative agent of furunculosis in several fish species, including lumpfish. In this study, lumpfish were intraperitoneally injected with different doses of to calculate the LD. Samples of blood, head-kidney, spleen, and liver were collected at different time points to determine the infection kinetics. We determined that LD is 10 CFU per dose. We found that the lumpfish head-kidney is the primary target organ of . Triplicate biological samples were collected from head-kidney, spleen, and liver pre-infection and at 3- and 10-days post-infection for RNA-sequencing. The reference genome-guided transcriptome assembly resulted in 6246 differentially expressed genes. The assembly resulted in 403,204 transcripts, which added 1307 novel genes not identified by the reference genome-guided transcriptome. Differential gene expression and gene ontology enrichment analyses suggested that induces lethal infection in lumpfish by uncontrolled and detrimental blood coagulation, complement activation, inflammation, DNA damage, suppression of the adaptive immune system, and prevention of cytoskeleton formation.
PubMed: 36363710
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112113 -
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Jun 2016Aeromonas salmonicida is the oldest known infectious agent to be linked to fish disease and constitutes a major bacterial pathogen of fish, in particular of salmonids.... (Review)
Review
Aeromonas salmonicida is the oldest known infectious agent to be linked to fish disease and constitutes a major bacterial pathogen of fish, in particular of salmonids. This bacterium can be found almost worldwide in both marine and freshwater environments and has been divided into several sub-species. In this review, we present the most recent developments concerning our understanding of this pathogen, including how the characterization of new isolates from non-salmonid hosts suggests a more nuanced picture of the importance of the so‑called 'atypical isolates'. We also describe the clinical presentation regarding the infection across several fish species and discuss what is known about the virulence of A. salmonicida and, in particular, the role that the type 3 secretion system might play in suppressing the immune response of its hosts. Finally, isolates have displayed varied levels of antibiotic resistance. Hence, we review a number of solutions that have been developed both to prevent outbreaks and to treat them once they occur, including the application of pre- and probiotic supplements.
Topics: Aeromonas salmonicida; Animals; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Furunculosis; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 27304870
DOI: 10.3354/dao03006 -
Journal of Fish Diseases Jan 2017The current review for the first time summarizes the findings of the 30 years of research on cold-water vibriosis (CWV). The diseased caused by Aliivibrio salmonicida... (Review)
Review
The current review for the first time summarizes the findings of the 30 years of research on cold-water vibriosis (CWV). The diseased caused by Aliivibrio salmonicida (earlier known as Vibrio salmonicida) was for the first time described in 1986 and became one of the most important bacterial diseases in salmon aquaculture. The lack of appropriate vaccine hampered development of Atlantic salmon aquaculture until the late 1980s when a novel vaccine allowed dramatic increase in the Atlantic salmon farming. In December 2007, the genus Vibrio was split into two genera and several bacterial species including V. salmonicida were transferred to genus Aliivibrio. The change of the names create significant difficulties with the designation of the CWV disease agent since its abbreviation A. salmonicida became similar to another well-known salmon pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida (A. salmonicida). The disease was considered as controlled by vaccination, but reappeared at Atlantic salmon farms in 2011, this time affecting vaccinated Atlantic salmon. The current review summarizes the knowledge on pathogenesis, vaccination and treatment of CWV and proposes further directions for studying the disease.
Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; Fish Diseases; Vaccination; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 27072873
DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12465 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Jun 2021
Topics: Aeromonas salmonicida; Animals; Bacteriophage lambda; Biological Evolution; Cell Membrane; Editorial Policies; Escherichia coli; Fish Diseases; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus
PubMed: 34100696
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001069 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Oct 2020The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria of fish and shellfish have caused serious concerns in the aquaculture industry, owing to the... (Review)
Review
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria of fish and shellfish have caused serious concerns in the aquaculture industry, owing to the potential health risks to humans and animals. Among these bacteria, , which is one of the most important primary pathogens in salmonids, is responsible for significant economic losses in the global aquaculture industry, especially in salmonid farming because of its severe infectivity and acquisition of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, interest in the use of alternative approaches to prevent and control infections has increased in recent years, and several applications of bacteriophages (phages) have provided promising results. For several decades, and phages infecting this fish pathogen have been thoroughly investigated in various research areas including aquaculture. The general overview of phage usage to control bacterial diseases in aquaculture, including the general advantages of this strategy, has been clearly described in previous reviews. Therefore, this review specifically focuses on providing insights into the phages infecting , from basic research to biotechnological application in aquaculture, as well as recent advances in the study of .
Topics: Aeromonas salmonicida; Animals; Aquaculture; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriophages; Fish Diseases; Fishes
PubMed: 32807762
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2005.05040 -
Microbial Biotechnology Sep 2014Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is an important pathogen in salmonid aquaculture and is responsible for the typical furunculosis. The type-three secretion... (Review)
Review
Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is an important pathogen in salmonid aquaculture and is responsible for the typical furunculosis. The type-three secretion system (T3SS) is a major virulence system. In this work, we review structure and function of this highly sophisticated nanosyringe in A. salmonicida. Based on the literature as well as personal experimental observations, we document the genetic (re)organization, expression regulation, anatomy, putative functional origin and roles in the infectious process of this T3SS. We propose a model of pathogenesis where A. salmonicida induces a temporary immunosuppression state in fish in order to acquire free access to host tissues. Finally, we highlight putative important therapeutic and vaccine strategies to prevent furunculosis of salmonid fish.
Topics: Aeromonas salmonicida; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Secretion Systems; Fish Diseases; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Gene Order; Immune Evasion; Immune Tolerance; Macromolecular Substances; Salmonidae; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 24119189
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12091 -
IDCases 2019is a facultative Gram-negative bacillus, inhabiting in water. It is a common source of furunculosis and septicemia in fish. Report on the human infection with this...
is a facultative Gram-negative bacillus, inhabiting in water. It is a common source of furunculosis and septicemia in fish. Report on the human infection with this organism is rare. A male farmer referred with weakness and intermittent fever. He had cardiac valves' regurgitation due to fever with rheumatic heart disease. He had a history of swimming in well water. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed a mobile mass of 1.3 × 0.9 cm attached to the mitral valve chordae, suggestive of a vegetation. was isolated from the blood. After cardiac surgery and taking ceftriaxone for 4 weeks, he was discharged in good general condition. Five previous case reports of human infection with this organism were found. The patient was the sixth human case, and the first endocarditis, reported with this organism. is a rare agent for human infection. Contact with water is a risk factor for this type of infection. It seems that the use of modern diagnostic methods has been effective in identifying the microorganism.
PubMed: 31485414
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2019.e00625