-
Advances in Biochemical... 2019Basidiomycetes of various species and their wide range of pharmaceutically interesting products in the last decades represent one of the most attractive groups of... (Review)
Review
Basidiomycetes of various species and their wide range of pharmaceutically interesting products in the last decades represent one of the most attractive groups of natural products in Asia and North America. Production of fungal fruit bodies using farming technology is hardly covering the market. Comprehensive solid-state technologies and bioreactors are the most promising part for fast and large amount of cultivation of medicinal fungi biomass and its pharmaceutically active products. Wood, agriculture, and food industry wastes represent the main substrates that are in this process delignified and enriched in proteins and highly valuable pharmaceutically active compounds. Research in physiology, basic and applied studies in fungal metabolism, process engineering aspects, and clinical studies in the last two decades represent large contribution to the development of these potentials that initiate the development of new drugs and some of the most attractive over-the-counter human and veterinary remedies. Present article is an overview of the achievements in solid-state technology of the most relevant medicinal mushroom species production in bioreactors. Graphical Abstract.
Topics: Agaricales; Biological Products; Biomass; Bioreactors; Drug Discovery; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Wood
PubMed: 30828755
DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_89 -
Journal of Dietary Supplements 2019The objective of this review is to summarize the effect of commonly used mushrooms (particularly or oyster mushroom, or Button mushroom, or shiitake mushroom, and or... (Review)
Review
The objective of this review is to summarize the effect of commonly used mushrooms (particularly or oyster mushroom, or Button mushroom, or shiitake mushroom, and or reishi mushroom) in poultry diets on performance of broilers and layers. It can be concluded from different studies that mushrooms and their polysaccharides can play important roles in poultry production: (1) Polysaccharides in mushrooms may act as immune enhancers or immunomodulators and show antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic bioactivities; (2) phenolic compounds of mushrooms may act as antioxidants; (3) mushrooms in broiler's diet may be used as growth promoters as an alternative to antibiotics; (4) mushrooms in the diet may improve egg production and quality; (5) mushrooms may be used as a safe and effective alternative for inducing molt, enhancing immunity, reducing growth, and returning to egg production. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of mushrooms to improve productive performance in chickens and to illuminate the possible modes of action related to the gut ecosystem and the immune response.
Topics: Agaricales; Agaricus; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Antioxidants; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Eggs; Female; Ganoderma; Male; Pleurotus; Poultry; Shiitake Mushrooms
PubMed: 29969321
DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2018.1472707 -
Food Chemistry Oct 2022Boletus edulis is an edible mushroom with nutritious, delicacy, and pharmacological properties. It is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and taste compounds,... (Review)
Review
Boletus edulis is an edible mushroom with nutritious, delicacy, and pharmacological properties. It is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and taste compounds, while low in fat and calories. Diverse bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and phytosterols, have been found in B. edulis. In addition, bioactive compounds and chemical extracts from B. edulis have been verified to possess constipation prevention, antioxidant, antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, hepato-protective, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. This paper provides an overview of B. edulis research in recent two decades, emphasizing the nutrition constituents, taste and flavor components, bioactive compounds, and health-promoting effects of B. edulis. Boletus edulis appeared to have health-promoting effects that may effectively prevent or treat various chronic diseases. The potential of B. edulis as a functional food and medicine needs to be further investigated and confirmed.
Topics: Agaricales; Antioxidants; Basidiomycota; Phenols
PubMed: 35597089
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133199 -
Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2018Mushrooms have been used as traditional medicine from last few decades. Mushrooms as higher Basidiomycetes contain secondary metabolites in fruit bodies, cultured... (Review)
Review
Mushrooms have been used as traditional medicine from last few decades. Mushrooms as higher Basidiomycetes contain secondary metabolites in fruit bodies, cultured mycelium, and cultured broth. Medicinal mushrooms possess medicinal properties such as anti-tumor, immunomodulating, antioxidant, cardiovascular, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-parasitic, antifungal, detoxification, hepatoprotective, and anti-diabetic effects. Phase-I, II, and III clinical trials were studied on various biologically active compounds isolated from medicinal mushrooms and are used adequately to treat various diseases including cancer. The present review focuses on various edible, medicinal and poisonous species of mushrooms belong to genera; Auricularia, Cantherallus, Ganoderma, Pleurotus, Lentinus, Trametes (Coriolus), Tremella and Amanita along with their chemical composition, biologically active compounds isolated and their pharmacological potential.
Topics: Agaricales; Anti-Infective Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Cell Proliferation; Fungi; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Lentinula; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 28971768
DOI: 10.2174/1389557517666170927144119 -
Trends in Biotechnology Apr 2023Recent advances in synthetic biology have transformed mushroom farming from a focus on traditional cultivation to comprehensive applications based on cutting-edge...
Recent advances in synthetic biology have transformed mushroom farming from a focus on traditional cultivation to comprehensive applications based on cutting-edge biotechnologies. Synthetic biology has promising applications in this field, including precision breeding, mining biosynthetic gene clusters, developing mushroom chassis cells, and constructing cell factories for high value-added products.
Topics: Synthetic Biology; Agaricales; Plant Breeding; Biotechnology; Agriculture
PubMed: 36307231
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.10.001 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2020Mushrooms have a long history of uses for their medicinal and nutritional properties. They have been consumed by people for thousands of years. Edible mushrooms are... (Review)
Review
Mushrooms have a long history of uses for their medicinal and nutritional properties. They have been consumed by people for thousands of years. Edible mushrooms are collected in the wild or cultivated worldwide. Recently, mushroom extracts and their secondary metabolites have acquired considerable attention due to their biological effects, which include antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and immunomodulatory activities. Thus, in addition to phytochemists, nutritionists and consumers are now deeply interested in the phytochemical constituents of mushrooms, which provide beneficial effects to humans in terms of health promotion and reduction of disease-related risks. In recent years, scientific reports on the nutritional, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of mushroom have been overwhelming. However, the bioactive compounds and biological properties of wild edible mushrooms growing in Southeast Asian countries have been rarely described. In this review, the bioactive compounds isolated from 25 selected wild edible mushrooms growing in Southeast Asia have been reviewed, together with their biological activities. Phytoconstituents with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities have been highlighted. Several evidences indicate that mushrooms are good sources for natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.
Topics: Agaricales; Antioxidants; Asia, Southeastern; Biological Products; Humans; Molecular Structure; Phenotype; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 32340227
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081972 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Feb 2022Mushrooms are high-value products that can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass. Mushrooms are the fruiting body of fungi and are domestically cultivated using... (Review)
Review
Mushrooms are high-value products that can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass. Mushrooms are the fruiting body of fungi and are domestically cultivated using lignocellulosic biomass obtained from agricultural byproducts and woody biomass. A handful of edible mushroom species are commercially cultivated at small, medium, and large scales for culinary and medicinal use. Details about different lignocellulosic biomass and their composition that are commonly used to produce mushrooms are outlined in this review. In addition, discussions on four major processing steps (i) producing solid and liquid spawn, (ii) conventional and mechanized processing lignocellulosic biomass substrates to produce mushroom beds, (iii) maintaining growth conditions in climate-controlled rooms, and (iv) energy requirements and managements to produce mushrooms are also provided. The new processing methods and technology outlined in this review may allow mushrooms to be economically and sustainably produced at a small scale to satisfy the growing food needs and create rural jobs. KEY POINTS: • Some of the challenges faced by small-scale mushroom growers are presented. This review is expected to stimulate more research to address the challenges.
Topics: Agaricales; Agriculture; Biomass; Lignin
PubMed: 35098331
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11749-2 -
International Journal of Medicinal... 2023Prebiotics have gained much attention in recent years as functional food ingredients. This has encouraged researchers to look for sustainable alternative sources of... (Review)
Review
Prebiotics have gained much attention in recent years as functional food ingredients. This has encouraged researchers to look for sustainable alternative sources of prebiotics. Prebiotics help in the modulation of the human intestinal microbiota and thereby improve host health. Chicory, asparagus, and Jerusalem artichoke are some conventional prebiotics that have been extensively studied. Mushrooms are rich sources of medicinal foods as well as bioactive polysaccharides and essential amino acids. They contain large amounts of chitin, mannans, galactans, xylans, glucans, krestin, lentinan, and hemicellulose, thus making it a potential candidate for prebiotics. They are also rich sources of fibers, proteins, and antioxidants. Several mushroom species like Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus, Hericium erinaceus, Agaricus bisporus, and Lentinula edodes are rich in medicinal properties that have an array of applications. These medicinal mushrooms can be repurposed to regulate gut microbiota. In this review, we discuss the prebiotic effects of different mushroom species on probiotic organisms. We also reviewed the potential of mushroom waste as novel, cheap, and alternative sources of prebiotics.
Topics: Humans; Agaricales; Helianthus; Pleurotus; Polysaccharides; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Antioxidants
PubMed: 36749052
DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2022046837 -
Advances in Applied Microbiology 2024Edible fungi, commonly known as mushrooms, are precious medicinal and edible homologous gifts from nature to us. Edible fungal polysaccharides (EFPs) are a variety of... (Review)
Review
Edible fungi, commonly known as mushrooms, are precious medicinal and edible homologous gifts from nature to us. Edible fungal polysaccharides (EFPs) are a variety of bioactive macromolecular which isolated from fruiting bodies, mycelia or fermentation broths of edible or medicinal fungus. Increasing researches have confirmed that EFPs possess multiple biological activities both in vitro and in vivo settings, including antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and regulating intestinal flora activities. As a result, they have emerged as a prominent focus in the healthcare, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Fungal EFPs have safe, non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties with low immunogenicity, bioadhesion ability, and antibacterial activities, presenting diverse potential applications in the food industries, cosmetic, biomedical, packaging, and new materials. Moreover, varying raw materials, extraction, purification, chemical modification methods, and culture conditions can result in variances in the structure and biological activities of EFPs. The purpose of this review is to provide comprehensively and systematically organized information on the structure, modification, biological activities, and potential applications of EFPs to support their therapeutic effects and health functions. This review provides new insights and a theoretical basis for prospective investigations and advancements in EFPs in fields such as medicine, food, and new materials.
Topics: Fungal Polysaccharides; Humans; Animals; Agaricales; Antioxidants; Immunologic Factors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
PubMed: 38763529
DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.02.005 -
Natural Product Reports Mar 2022Covering: up to June 2021A wide variety of mushrooms have traditionally been recognized as edible fungi with high nutritional value and low calories, and abundantly... (Review)
Review
Covering: up to June 2021A wide variety of mushrooms have traditionally been recognized as edible fungi with high nutritional value and low calories, and abundantly produce structurally diverse and bioactive secondary metabolites. However, accidental ingestion of poisonous mushrooms can result in serious illnesses and even death. Chemically, mushroom poisoning is associated with secondary metabolites produced in poisonous mushrooms, causing specific toxicity. However, many poisonous mushrooms have not been fully investigated for their secondary metabolites, and the secondary metabolites of poisonous mushrooms have not been systematically summarized for details such as chemical composition and biosynthetic mechanisms. The isolation and identification of secondary metabolites from poisonous mushrooms have great research value since these compounds could be lethal toxins that contribute to the toxicity of mushrooms or could provide lead compounds with remarkable biological activities that can promote advances in other related disciplines, such as biochemistry and pharmacology. In this review, we summarize the structures and biological activities of secondary metabolites identified from poisonous mushrooms and provide an overview of the current information on these metabolites, focusing on their chemistry, bioactivity, and biosynthesis.
Topics: Agaricales; Mushroom Poisoning
PubMed: 34608478
DOI: 10.1039/d1np00049g