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Mycologia 2021We studied species of and collected in the Dominican Republic over the past 10 years using morphological and molecular methods and carefully compared our collections...
We studied species of and collected in the Dominican Republic over the past 10 years using morphological and molecular methods and carefully compared our collections with previously described neotropical taxa. Twelve new species, eight in () and four in () are described. Additional records of previously described taxa are also discussed, including the first molecularly annotated occurrences of , and in their putative natural habitats and of in the neotropics. and are transferred here to based on their phylogenetic placement and morphological characteristics. Color photographs of fresh basidiocarps and line drawings of microscopic characters are provided for all species.
Topics: Agaricales; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Dominican Republic; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 33481687
DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2020.1819142 -
Gene May 2022Sarcomyxa edulis is a widely harvested mushroom of Northeastern Asia. Its development can be divided into six stages: growth of mycelium until occupying half the bag...
Sarcomyxa edulis is a widely harvested mushroom of Northeastern Asia. Its development can be divided into six stages: growth of mycelium until occupying half the bag (B1), mycelium under low-temperature stimulation after occupying the entire bag (B2), appearance of mycelium in primordia (B3), primordia (B4), mycelium at the harvest stage (B5), and mature fruiting body (B6). Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) are important bioinformatic methods for screening key genes. To explore the growth and development mechanisms of the mushroom S. edulis and clarify its genetic background, DEG and WGCNA analyses were combined to screen key genes at different developmental stages. From A1 to A6, respectively, 459, 97, 885, 169, 277, and 712 key genes were identified. Then the Gene Ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways of key genes were analyzed, and GO and KEGG analyses were performed on all genes across different periods using GSEA. In summary, the genes in A1 were mainly involved in amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, structural molecule activity, and oxidative phosphorylation. At the A2 stage, genes were mainly involved in peptidase activity, peroxidase activity, oxidoreductase activity, antioxidant activity, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. A3 genes were involved in gene expression, RNA metabolism, spliceosome, RNA transport, and ribosome biogenesis. A4 genes were mainly involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, proteasome complex, cellular protein complex assembly, actin filament-based processes, oxidative phosphorylation, and carbon metabolism. The A5 stage genes were involved in the carbohydrate metabolic process, polysaccharide metabolic process, and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, leucine, isoleucine, and ABC transporters. Finally, A6 genes were mainly involved in the cell cycle, meiosis of yeast, MAPK signaling pathway, cellular response to DNA damage stimulus, DNA metabolic process, DNA replication, and DNA repair. The combination of multiple analyses provides us with an in-depth understanding of the network that regulates mushroom development.
Topics: Agaricales; Fungal Proteins; Gene Expression Profiling; Mycelium; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35337848
DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146450 -
Food Chemistry Aug 2019Chemical compositions of mushrooms are greatly dependent on the geographical region, and also the different parts of the same mushroom have different chemical... (Review)
Review
Chemical compositions of mushrooms are greatly dependent on the geographical region, and also the different parts of the same mushroom have different chemical constitutions. Several chemical methods are employed for quality control of mushrooms. However, these methods are destructive, require skilled personnel and are time consuming. To overcome these limitations researchers are aiming for vibrational spectroscopic techniques. This review is focused on various studies related to the application of vibrational spectroscopy for classification, authentication and quality analysis of mushrooms. It was concluded that vibrational spectroscopy could be efficiently employed for assessing the quality, authenticity and geographical origin of the mushrooms. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy were the most explored, whereas, Raman spectroscopy is the least explored technique in this field. Compact and cost-effective spectrometers based on the selective wavelengths have to be designed and installed at commercial and industrial level for rapid quality control of mushrooms.
Topics: Agaricales; Food Analysis; Geography; Quality Control; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Spectrum Analysis; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Vibration
PubMed: 30955647
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.091 -
International Journal of Medicinal... 2022Macrocybe gigantea is an edible mushroom and has multiple pharmacological properties, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. However, only a few... (Review)
Review
Macrocybe gigantea is an edible mushroom and has multiple pharmacological properties, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. However, only a few reports are currently available on the bioactive compounds and bioactivity of this mushroom. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the unique chemical diversity of the fruiting body of M. gigantea. Species identification was done accurately with morphological and molecular methods, followed by mycochemical extraction in different solvent systems. The ethanolic extract of the fruiting body gave maximum yield, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed along with an assessment of antibacterial activity and cell viability by the MTT assay. The GC-MS analysis revealed 50 metabolites, and further cheminformatics analysis of these metabolites revealed their possible biological activities. In addition, the physicochemical and mineral element analysis of M. gigantea revealed the quality and authenticity of the species. Altogether, the current investigation gives a comprehensive overview of the bioactive metabolites of M. gigantea.
Topics: Agaricales; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cheminformatics; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 35467806
DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2022042814 -
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 2023Nowadays, wild edible bolete mushrooms are more and more attractive among consumers due to their natural health, nutrition, and delicious characteristics. Appropriate... (Review)
Review
Nowadays, wild edible bolete mushrooms are more and more attractive among consumers due to their natural health, nutrition, and delicious characteristics. Appropriate analytical techniques together with multivariate statistics analysis are required for the quality control and evaluation of these edible mushrooms. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and infrared (IR) technologies have the advantages of time-saving, low-cost, and environmentally friendly, are now prominent among major analytical technologies for quality evaluation of bolete mushrooms. Chemometrics methods have been developed to solve classification and regression issues of bolete mushrooms in combination with spectrum. This paper reviewed the most recent applications of UV-Vis and IR technology coupled with chemometrics in wild edible bolete mushrooms, including the identification of species, origin, and storage duration, fraud detection, and antioxidant properties evaluation, and discussed the limitations and prospects of spectroscopy technologies in the researches of bolete mushrooms, excepting to provide a reference for further research and practical application of wild edible bolete mushrooms.
Topics: Agaricales; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Multivariate Analysis; Quality Control
PubMed: 34632861
DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1984870 -
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology Aug 2018Mushrooms have become increasingly important as a reliable food source. They have also been recognized as an important source of bioactive compounds of high nutritional... (Review)
Review
Mushrooms have become increasingly important as a reliable food source. They have also been recognized as an important source of bioactive compounds of high nutritional and medicinal values. The nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides found in mushrooms play important roles in the regulation of various physiological processes in the human body via the purinergic and/or pyrimidine receptors. Cordycepin, a 3'-deoxyadenosine found in Cordyceps sinensis has received much attention as it possesses many medicinal values including anticancer properties. In this review, we provide a broad overview of the distribution of purine nucleobases (adenine and guanine); pyrimidine nucleobases (cytosine, uracil, and thymine); nucleosides (uridine, guanosine, adenosine and cytidine); as well as novel nucleosides/tides in edible and nonedible mushrooms. This review also discusses the latest research focusing on the successes, challenges, and future perspectives of the analytical methods used to determine nucleic acid constituents in mushrooms. Besides, the exotic taste and flavor of edible mushrooms are attributed to several nonvolatile and water-soluble substances, including the 5'-nucleotides. Therefore, we also discuss the total flavor 5'-nucleotides: 5'-guanosine monophosphate (5'-GMP), 5'-inosine monophosphate (5'-IMP), and 5'-xanthosine monophosphate (5'-XMP) in edible mushrooms.
Topics: Agaricales; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line; Deoxyadenosines; Humans; Mice; Nucleic Acids; Nucleosides; Nucleotides
PubMed: 29124970
DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1399102 -
BMC Ecology and Evolution May 2021Plant pathogenesis related-1 (PR-1) proteins belong to the CAP superfamily and have been characterized as markers of induced defense against pathogens. Moniliophthora...
BACKGROUND
Plant pathogenesis related-1 (PR-1) proteins belong to the CAP superfamily and have been characterized as markers of induced defense against pathogens. Moniliophthora perniciosa and Moniliophthora roreri are hemibiotrophic fungi that respectively cause the witches' broom disease and frosty pod rot in Theobroma cacao. Interestingly, a large number of plant PR-1-like genes are present in the genomes of both species and many are up-regulated during the biotrophic interaction. In this study, we investigated the evolution of PR-1 proteins from 22 genomes of Moniliophthora isolates and 16 other Agaricales species, performing genomic investigation, phylogenetic reconstruction, positive selection search and gene expression analysis.
RESULTS
Phylogenetic analysis revealed conserved PR-1 genes (PR-1a, b, d, j), shared by many Agaricales saprotrophic species, that have diversified in new PR-1 genes putatively related to pathogenicity in Moniliophthora (PR-1f, g, h, i), as well as in recent specialization cases within M. perniciosa biotypes (PR-1c, k, l) and M. roreri (PR-1n). PR-1 families in Moniliophthora with higher evolutionary rates exhibit induced expression in the biotrophic interaction and positive selection clues, supporting the hypothesis that these proteins accumulated adaptive changes in response to host-pathogen arms race. Furthermore, although previous work showed that MpPR-1 can detoxify plant antifungal compounds in yeast, we found that in the presence of eugenol M. perniciosa differentially expresses only MpPR-1e, k, d, of which two are not linked to pathogenicity, suggesting that detoxification might not be the main function of most MpPR-1.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on analyses of genomic and expression data, we provided evidence that the evolution of PR-1 in Moniliophthora was adaptive and potentially related to the emergence of the parasitic lifestyle in this genus. Additionally, we also discuss how fungal PR-1 proteins could have adapted from basal conserved functions to possible roles in fungal pathogenesis.
Topics: Agaricales; Humans; Life Style; Phylogeny; Plant Diseases
PubMed: 33990179
DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01818-5 -
International Journal of Biological... Apr 2017Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers., also known as Yamabushitake, Houtou and Lion's Mane, is capable of fortifying the spleen and nourishing the stomach, tranquilizing the... (Review)
Review
Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers., also known as Yamabushitake, Houtou and Lion's Mane, is capable of fortifying the spleen and nourishing the stomach, tranquilizing the mind, and fighting cancer. Over the past decade, it has been demonstrated that H. erinaceus polysaccharides possess various promising bioactivities, including antitumor and immunomodulation, anti-gastric ulcer, neuroprotection and neuroregeneration, anti-oxidation and hepatoprotection, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-fatigue and anti-aging. The purpose of the present review is to provide systematically reorganized information on extraction and purification, structure characteristics, biological activities, and industrial applications of H. erinaceus polysaccharides to support their therapeutic potentials and sanitarian functions.
Topics: Agaricales; Animals; Culture Techniques; Humans; Industry; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 28087447
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.040 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Nov 2020Mushrooms have been used for centuries not only as food but also in traditional medicine as a source of components with pro-health activity. One of them is Coprinus... (Review)
Review
Mushrooms have been used for centuries not only as food but also in traditional medicine as a source of components with pro-health activity. One of them is Coprinus comatus (O.F.Müll.) Pers. also called shaggy mane, chicken drumstick mushroom, or lawyer's wig. In Asian countries, C. comatus (CC) is approved as edible mushroom and often cultivated for consumption, whereas in many other countries, although it is widespread, it is unrecognized and not used. In this review, for the first time, we discussed about the composition related to functional properties as well as the potential risks associated with consumption of CC by reviewing scientific literature. The information has been collected in order to get to know this species thoroughly. Various studies show many of the physiological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer, antiandrogenic, hepatoprotective, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antibacterial, antifungal, antinematode, and antiviral. Besides positive physiological properties, CC has also negative features, for example, skin reactions in patients with dermatitis and atopic predisposition, risk of confusion with poisonous mushrooms, quick autolysis after collection, and contamination of toxic elements.
Topics: Agaricales; Coprinus; Humans
PubMed: 32462723
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6741 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Sep 2014Hericium erinaceus is an important mushroom with edible values and medicinal properties. Both the mycelium and the fruiting bodies contain many bioactive compounds with... (Review)
Review
Hericium erinaceus is an important mushroom with edible values and medicinal properties. Both the mycelium and the fruiting bodies contain many bioactive compounds with drug efficacy. Recent evidence demonstrates that it is helpful to various diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, immunoregulatory, and many types of cancer. Furthermore, emerging pieces of evidence have shown that different active molecules in H. erinaceus have different functions on different organs in different diseases via the different mechanisms. Drawing on current research results, this review mainly focuses on the therapeutic effects of H. erinaceus on various diseases of multiple physiological systems, including the nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system, and immune system. This paper also discusses systematically the efficient protection of H. erinaceus against the diseases from the intricate experimental proofs by using the systematic viewpoints, which provides a framework for future research directions.
Topics: Agaricales; Animals; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Cytokines; Humans
PubMed: 25070597
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5955-5