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Cephalalgia : An International Journal... Nov 2020To assess the frequency and characteristics of headache in patients with COVID-19 and whether there is an association between headache and anosmia and ageusia.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the frequency and characteristics of headache in patients with COVID-19 and whether there is an association between headache and anosmia and ageusia.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study. Consecutive patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, were assessed by neurologists.
RESULTS
Seventy-three patients were included in the study, 63% were male; the median age was 58 years (IQR: 47-66). Forty-seven patients (64.4%) reported headaches, which had most frequently begun on the first day of symptoms, were bilateral (94%), presenting severe intensity (53%) and a migraine phenotype (51%). Twelve patients (16.4%) presented with headache triggered by coughing. Eleven (15%) patients reported a continuous headache. Twenty-eight patients (38.4%) presented with anosmia and 29 (39.7%) with ageusia. Patients who reported hyposmia/anosmia and/or hypogeusia/ageusia experienced headache more frequently than those without these symptoms (OR: 5.39; 95% CI:1.66-17.45; logistic regression). Patients with anosmia and ageusia presented headache associated with phonophobia more often compared to those with headache without these complaints (Chi-square test; < 0.05). Headache associated with COVID-19 presented a migraine phenotype more frequently in those experiencing previous migraine ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Headaches associated with COVID-19 are frequent, are generally severe, diffuse, present a migraine phenotype and are associated with anosmia and ageusia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Ageusia; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Headache; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Olfaction Disorders; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33146035
DOI: 10.1177/0333102420966770 -
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience :... Aug 2020Emerging Viral diseases are incredibly infectious and proficient in inducing pandemics. Unlike the previous emerging coronaviruses (ECoVs) which neurological... (Review)
Review
Emerging Viral diseases are incredibly infectious and proficient in inducing pandemics. Unlike the previous emerging coronaviruses (ECoVs) which neurological complexities were uncommon, with neurological features exhibition at 14-25 days post-onset, yet with critical outcomes exhibiting >50% mortality in central nervous (CNS) presenting pathologies. The COVID 19 neurological consequences occur more frequently even in mild cases, presenting with CNS involvement in up to 25%, musculoskeletal and peripheral manifestation (PNM). Through preceding ECoVs case reports, the PNM not linked to fatal outcomes, however, required, repeated neuro-imaging as notable CT and MRI changes appeared as late as 21 days while the likelihood of Cerebrospinal fluid to test positive for ECoV was 25%, only in the CNS presenting cases. Owing to 44-60% myalgia presentation, risk of the high inflammatory state, and coagulation cascade abnormalities reported in ECoVs, testing for C-reactive protein, serum creatine kinase, and D-dimer level is mandatory. Presently, there is no antiviral medication or vaccination for the ECoVs, early induction of antiviral drugs remains the backbone of management. Neurologically, the therapeutic dosages of anticoagulants are linked to the high incidence of thrombotic complexities, while methylprednisolone is associated with myopathy. Future studies expected to apply more neuro-imaging techniques for CNS exploration and further explore the pathogenesis of the COVID 19 myalgia, anosmia/ageusia reported in the majority of the initial cases.
Topics: Anticoagulants; Betacoronavirus; Blood Coagulation Disorders; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Female; Humans; Male; Nervous System Diseases; Olfaction Disorders; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32563494
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.06.006 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) May 2022Since the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the management of COVID-19 has been a challenge for healthcare professionals. Although the respiratory system has... (Review)
Review
Since the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the management of COVID-19 has been a challenge for healthcare professionals. Although the respiratory system has primarily been affected with symptoms ranging from mild pneumonia to acute respiratory distress syndrome, other organs or systems have also been targets of the virus. The mouth represents an important route of entry for SARS-CoV-2. Cells in the oral epithelium, taste buds, and minor and major salivary glands express cellular entry factors for the virus, such as ACE2, TMPRSS2 and Furin. This leads to symptoms such as deterioration of taste, salivary dysfunction, mucosal ulcers, before systemic manifestation of the disease. In this review we report and discuss the prevalence and socio-demographics of taste disturbances in COVID-19 patients, analysing the current international data. Importantly, we also take stock of the various hypothesized pathogenetic mechanisms and their impact on the reported symptoms. The literature indicated that COVID-19 patients frequently present with gustatory dysfunction, whose prevalence varies by country, age and sex. Furthermore, this dysfunction also has a variable duration in relation to the severity of the disease. The pathogenetic action is intricately linked to viral action which can be expressed in several ways. However, in many cases these are only hypotheses that need further confirmation.
PubMed: 35629357
DOI: 10.3390/life12050690 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Jun 2024To systematically review the cases of anosmia or ageusia after receiving the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. A systematic search was conducted in... (Review)
Review
To systematically review the cases of anosmia or ageusia after receiving the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and PubMed, to identify any published study that evaluated the anosmia or ageusia after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, including case reports, case series, letter to editor articles with reported cases regarding our topic, or observational studies with at least 1 eligible patient consisted with our criteria. We excluded the studies that reported anosmia or ageusia due to COVID-19 infection and non-COVID-19 vaccines. Five studies consisting of 11 patients were included in this systematic review. Of the 11 patients, 5 patients had received the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine and 6 patients received the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, of which 6 patients developed symptoms after the first dose of vaccination and 5 patients were symptomatic after the second vaccine dose. Most of the patients developed symptoms within 1 week after the vaccination. The disorders of the patients included partial or total anosmia, parosmia, phantosmia, hyposmia, ageusia, and dysgeusia. Also, the patients had symptoms other than smell or taste disorders, including arthralgia, fever, chills, rhinorrhea, myalgia, abdominal pain, fatigue, muscle weakness, altered bowel pattern, aural fullness, tinnitus, and headache. Most of the evaluated patients did not receive any treatment as for their disorders. However, in some cases, treatment with oral corticosteroids or dietary supplementation was required. Anosmia and ageusia are important symptoms of COVID-19 vaccination. These symptoms will resolve without any treatment in most cases, although some interventions may be needed in some patients.
Topics: Humans; Ageusia; Anosmia; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Female; Male; Vaccination; SARS-CoV-2; Middle Aged; Adult; BNT162 Vaccine; Aged
PubMed: 38411125
DOI: 10.1177/01455613241233098 -
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Sep 2020Many reports by physicians and patients during the 2019 to 2020 pandemic indicate that COVID-19 is associated with elevated levels of odor and taste perception disorders... (Review)
Review
Many reports by physicians and patients during the 2019 to 2020 pandemic indicate that COVID-19 is associated with elevated levels of odor and taste perception disorders (anosmia, hyposmia, ageusia, and/or dysgeusia). Recent increase in olfactory dysfunction in patients referred to ear nose and throat clinics and COVID-19 infection at the same time encouraged us to examine anosmic/hyposmic patients to establish any association between these signs. It has been shown that the COVID-19 virus exploits the uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor to obtain cell entry. This result increases the interest to examine the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in neurological tissue, and to assess the possible contribution of damage. This mini review provides fundamental knowledge on coincidence of COVID-19 infection and smell-taste perception disorders from an objective perspective.
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Olfaction Disorders; Olfactory Perception; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Taste Disorders; Taste Perception
PubMed: 32398625
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000006601 -
Journal of Korean Medical Science Mar 2023We aimed to investigate the factors associated with neurological manifestations of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) conditions.
BACKGROUND
We aimed to investigate the factors associated with neurological manifestations of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) conditions.
METHODS
We retrospectively collected data from 440 patients who visited our post-COVID-19 clinic more than 4 weeks after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. We analyzed the prevalence of different neurological symptoms (brain fog, memory impairment, headache, and dizziness) and assessed the associated factors.
RESULTS
Brain fog was the most common symptom, observed in 170 patients (38.6%), followed by headaches (n = 137, 31.1%), dizziness (n = 128, 29%), and memory impairment (n = 104, 23.6%). Brain fog was associated with hyposmia or hypogeusia (odds ratio [OR], 2.54; < 0.001), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) (OR, 1.06; < 0.001), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (OR, 1.09; = 0.037). Memory impairment was associated with sleep problems (OR, 2.83; < 0.001), FSS (OR, 1.05; < 0.001), and age (OR, 1.02; = 0.015). Headache was associated with sleep problems (OR, 2.28; = 0.001), sex (OR, 1.68; = 0.042), and FSS (OR, 1.04; < 0.001). Dizziness was associated with sleep problems (OR, 2.88; < 0.001), and FSS (OR, 1.04; < 0.001). The incidence of brain fog ( < 0.001), memory impairment ( < 0.001), dizziness ( = 0.007), and headache ( = 0.045) accompanied by hyposmia and hypogeusia was higher in patients with the aforementioned symptoms than in those without.
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that there is a relationship between neurological symptoms and other clinical factors, such as fatigue, depression, anxiety, hyposmia, and hypogeusia.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Dizziness; Retrospective Studies; Ageusia; Anosmia; Headache; Sleep Wake Disorders; Fatigue
PubMed: 36942392
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e83 -
Journal of Biophotonics Jun 2023Along with other COVID-19 clinical manifestations, management of both olfactory and gustatory dysfunction have drawn a considerable attention. Photobiomodulation (PBM)...
Along with other COVID-19 clinical manifestations, management of both olfactory and gustatory dysfunction have drawn a considerable attention. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged to be a possible effective therapy in restoring taste and smell functionality, but the evidence is scarce. Hence, the present pilot study is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intranasal and intraoral PBM administrations in management of anosmia and ageusia respectively. Twenty Caucasian subjects who diagnosed with anosmia and ageusia were recruited. Visual analogue scale was utilised to evaluate patients' self-reported for both olfactory and gustatory functionality. The laser-PBM parameters and treatment protocols for anosmia and ageusia were as follows respectively: 660 nm, 100 mW, two points intranasally, 60 J/session, 12 sessions; dual wavelengths (660 nm and 808 nm), 100 mW, three points intraorally, 216 J/session, 12 sessions. Our results showed a significant functionality improvement of both olfactory and gustatory functionality. Extensive studies with large data and long-term follow-up period are warranted.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Ageusia; Anosmia; Pilot Projects; SARS-CoV-2; Olfaction Disorders
PubMed: 36929335
DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300003 -
Current Neuropharmacology 2021COVID-19 is a global pandemic, primarily affecting the pulmonary system but its effects on other systems are not certain. Coronavirus, the causative organism, binds with... (Review)
Review
COVID-19 is a global pandemic, primarily affecting the pulmonary system but its effects on other systems are not certain. Coronavirus, the causative organism, binds with angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in the lungs and produces pneumonia-like symptoms. Other than lungs, ACE2 receptors are also seen in the endothelium of blood vessels. Therefore, viruses can bind to the ACE2 that is present in the endothelium of brain blood vessels and thus can invade BBB, leading to neuronal damage. It is also believed that olfactory cells rich in ACE2 receptors may act as the main route of viral spread into various parts of the brain. The reported neurological effects of SARS-CoV-2 include cerebrovascular diseases, ageusia and anosmia, Guillain Barre Syndrome, and viral encephalitis. The extent of neurological involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection warrants the necessity of further research to systematically classify neurological complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, its diagnosis, and treatment. As ACE2 receptors are present in various other organs, it is obligatory to study the effect of coronavirus on other organs also. Since the long-lasting effects of the COVID-19 are unclear, more studies should be conducted to confirm the effect of the virus on the central nervous system. This review highlights the reported neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 and its mechanism.
Topics: COVID-19; Guillain-Barre Syndrome; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33441073
DOI: 10.2174/1570159X19666210113154342 -
Ecancermedicalscience 2020There have been several reports noting anosmia and ageusia as possible symptoms of COVID-19. This is of particular interest in oncology since patients receiving some...
There have been several reports noting anosmia and ageusia as possible symptoms of COVID-19. This is of particular interest in oncology since patients receiving some cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or immune therapy often experience similar symptoms as side-effects. The purpose of this report was to summarise the evidence on the existence of anosmia and ageusia an emerging COVID-19 symptoms in order to better inform both oncology patients and clinicians. Currently, there is no published evidence or case reports noting anosmia or ageusia as symptoms of COVID-19. Nevertheless, experts in rhinology have suggested that the onset of such symptoms could either act as a trigger for testing for the disease where possible, or could be a new criterion to self-isolate. Whilst more data is currently needed to strengthen our knowledge of the symptoms of COVID-19, oncology patients who are concerned about anosmia or ageusia in the context of their systemic anti-cancer therapy should contact their acute oncology support line for advice.
PubMed: 32269598
DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.ed98 -
Dermatology Online Journal May 2021Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) and the most common symptoms include fever, dry cough,...
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) and the most common symptoms include fever, dry cough, dyspnea, fatigue, anorexia, ageusia, and anosmia. Cutaneous manifestations are less common and we share our experience with an otherwise healthy and asymptomatic young man. The patient presented with painless acrocynosis of the left toes which progressed to desquamation by day 16 of disease onset. Disease progression is documented via multiple photographs that portray progression of disease and subsequent resolution over approximately six weeks. Symptomatic treatment included non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, leg elevation, and warm compresses.
Topics: COVID-19; Chilblains; Foot Dermatoses; Humans; Male; Young Adult
PubMed: 34118825
DOI: 10.5070/D327553625