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Cells Feb 2022In this review, we seek a novel strategy for establishing a rejuvenating microenvironment through senescent cells specific reprogramming. We suggest that partial... (Review)
Review
In this review, we seek a novel strategy for establishing a rejuvenating microenvironment through senescent cells specific reprogramming. We suggest that partial reprogramming can produce a secretory phenotype that facilitates cellular rejuvenation. This strategy is desired for specific partial reprogramming under control to avoid tumour risk and organ failure due to loss of cellular identity. It also alleviates the chronic inflammatory state associated with ageing and secondary senescence in adjacent cells by improving the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. This manuscript also hopes to explore whether intervening in cellular senescence can improve ageing and promote damage repair, in general, to increase people's healthy lifespan and reduce frailty. Feasible and safe clinical translational protocols are critical in rejuvenation by controlled reprogramming advances. This review discusses the limitations and controversies of these advances' application (while organizing the manuscript according to potential clinical translation schemes) to explore directions and hypotheses that have translational value for subsequent research.
Topics: Aging; Cellular Reprogramming; Cellular Senescence; Humans; Longevity; Rejuvenation
PubMed: 35269453
DOI: 10.3390/cells11050830 -
Sub-cellular Biochemistry 2019We begin this chapter by describing normal characteristics of several pertinent connective tissue components, and some of the basic changes they undergo with ageing.... (Review)
Review
We begin this chapter by describing normal characteristics of several pertinent connective tissue components, and some of the basic changes they undergo with ageing. These alterations are not necessarily tied to any specific disease or disorders, but rather an essential part of the normal ageing process. The general features of age-induced changes, such as skin wrinkles, in selected organs with high content of connective or soft tissues are discussed in the next part of the chapter. This is followed by a section dealing with age-related changes in specific diseases that fall into at least two categories. The first category encompasses common diseases with high prevalence among mostly ageing populations where both genetic and environmental factors play roles. They include but may not be limited to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, type II diabetes, osteopenia and osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, tendon dysfunction and injury, age-related disorders of spine and joints. Disorders where genetics plays the primary role in pathogenesis and progression include certain types of progeria, such as Werner syndrome and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria belong to the second category discussed in this chapter. These disorders are characterized by accelerated signs and symptoms of ageing. Other hereditary diseases or syndromes that arise from mutations of genes encoding for components of connective tissue and are less common than diseases included in the first group will be discussed briefly as well, though they may not be directly associated with ageing, but their connective tissue undergoes some changes compatible with ageing. Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes are primary examples of such disorders. We will probe the role of specific components of connective tissue and extracellular matrix if not in each of the diseases, then at least in the main representatives of these disorders.
Topics: Aging; Connective Tissue; Connective Tissue Diseases; Humans; Progeria
PubMed: 30888657
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3681-2_11 -
Ageing Research Reviews Sep 2014
Topics: Aging; Animals; Humans; RNA, Untranslated
PubMed: 25152449
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.08.001 -
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Feb 2023Throughout the course of life, there are age-related changes in sleep. Despite these normal changes, there is a high percentage of older adults that report sleep... (Review)
Review
Throughout the course of life, there are age-related changes in sleep. Despite these normal changes, there is a high percentage of older adults that report sleep dissatisfaction with a high pervasiveness of chronic insomnia, the most common sleep disorder worldwide, with its prevalence being expected to continuously increase due to the growing rates of aging and obesity. This can have different adverse health outcomes, especially by promoting both physical and cognitive decline, which ultimately may aggravate frailty in older adults. Moreover, age-related frailty and sleep dysfunction may have a common mechanism related to the hallmarks of cellular aging. Cellular aging was categorized into nine hallmarks, such as DNA damage, telomere attrition and epigenetic changes. In the context of geriatric and chronic insomnia research, this review aims at discussing the current evidence from both animal models and human cohorts addressing the link between chronic insomnia, the hallmarks of aging and their impact on frailty. Moreover, the most recent research about the putative effect of insomnia therapeutic approaches on hallmarks of aging will be also highlighted.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Aged; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Frailty; Aging; Sleep; Cellular Senescence
PubMed: 36583849
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02310-w -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Jun 2018Biogerontology is the study of the biological basis of ageing and age-related diseases. The phenomenon and the process of ageing are well understood in evolutionary and... (Review)
Review
Biogerontology is the study of the biological basis of ageing and age-related diseases. The phenomenon and the process of ageing are well understood in evolutionary and biological terms; and a conceptual framework has been established within which general principles of ageing and longevity can be formulated. The phenotype of ageing in terms of progressive loss of physical function and fitness is best seen during the period of survival after the evolution-determined essential lifespan (ELS) of a species. However, the ageing phenotype is highly heterogenous and individualistic at all levels from the whole body to the molecular one. Most significantly, the process and the progression of ageing are not determined by any specific gerontogenes. Ageing is the result of imperfect maintenance and repair systems that allow a progressive shrinkage of the homeodynamic space of an individual. The challenge is to develop and apply wholistic approaches to the complex trait of ageing for maintaining and/or improving health. One such approach is that of mild stress-induced physiological hormesis by physical, mental and nutritional hormetins. Biogerontological research offers numerous opportunities for developing evidence-based novel biomedical technologies for maintaining and improving health, for preventing the onset of age-related diseases, and for extending the health-span.
Topics: Aging; Epigenesis, Genetic; Geriatrics; Humans; Longevity
PubMed: 29957767
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v89i2.7403 -
Yi Chuan = Hereditas Jun 2021With the increase of life expectancy, the world's population is aging rapidly. Previous work in the field of aging greatly increases our understanding of biological... (Review)
Review
With the increase of life expectancy, the world's population is aging rapidly. Previous work in the field of aging greatly increases our understanding of biological mechanisms underlying longevity. Researchers have unraveled a number of longevity pathways conserved from yeast to mammals. However, recent evidence shows that mechanisms regulating the life span and those regulating age-related behavioral decline could be dissociated. The regulatory mechanisms underlying behavioral and cognitive aging is largely unknown. Previous work has described a significant age-related decline in cognitive behaviors including episodic memory, working memory, processing speed, as well as motor function deterioration and circadian dysfunction. With the advance of neuroscience and technology, more and more studies have focused on the age-related changes in structure and function of the brain. In this review, we briefly describe the deterioration of cognitive function and other behaviors in the aging process, and survey the role of age-related changes in brain structure and network, neuron morphology and function, transcriptome in brain and some conserved biological pathways on age-related cognitive and behavioral decline. Further studies on the mechanisms underpinning age-related cognitive and behavioral decline may provide clues not only for improving the quality of life for the ageing population, but also for developing intervention approaches for neurodegenerative diseases.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Cognition; Cognitive Aging; Longevity; Quality of Life
PubMed: 34284987
DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.21-060 -
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development Oct 2021Developments in the last century have led to an unprecedented increase in life expectancy. These changes open opportunities for humans to grow and develop in healthy and...
Developments in the last century have led to an unprecedented increase in life expectancy. These changes open opportunities for humans to grow and develop in healthy and adaptive ways, adding life to years as well as years to life. There are also challenges, however - as we live longer, a greater number of people will experience chronic illness and disability, often linked to lifestyle factors. The current paper advances an argument that there are fundamental biological sex differences which, sometimes directly and sometime mediated by lifestyle factors, underpin the marked differences in morbidity and mortality that we find between the sexes. Furthermore, we argue that it is necessary to consider sex as a key factor in research on healthy ageing, allowing for the possibility that different patterns exist between males and females, and that therefore different approaches and interventions are required to optimise healthy ageing in both sexes.
Topics: Aging; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Health Status; Healthy Aging; Humans; Life Expectancy; Life Style; Quality of Life; Sex Factors
PubMed: 34536447
DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111568 -
Ageing Research Reviews May 2021Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of tissue integrity and functionality due to disrupted homeostasis. Molecular oxygen is pivotal to maintain tissue... (Review)
Review
Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of tissue integrity and functionality due to disrupted homeostasis. Molecular oxygen is pivotal to maintain tissue functions, and aerobic species have evolved a sophisticated sensing system to ensure proper oxygen supply and demand. It is not surprising that aberrations in oxygen and oxygen-associated pathways subvert health and promote different aspects of aging. In this review, we discuss emerging findings on how oxygen-sensing mechanisms regulate different cellular and molecular processes during normal physiology, and how dysregulation of oxygen availability lead to disease and aging. We describe various clinical manifestations associated with deregulation of oxygen balance, and how oxygen-modulating therapies and natural oxygen oscillations influence longevity. We conclude by discussing how a better understanding of oxygen-related mechanisms that orchestrate aging processes may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to extend healthy aging.
Topics: Cellular Senescence; Longevity; Oxygen; Phenotype; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 33556549
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101267 -
Sub-cellular Biochemistry 2023Cellular senescence has become a subject of great interest within the ageing research field over the last 60 years, from the first observation in vitro by Leonard...
Cellular senescence has become a subject of great interest within the ageing research field over the last 60 years, from the first observation in vitro by Leonard Hayflick and Paul Moorhead in 1961, to novel findings of phenotypic sub-types and senescence-like phenotype in post-mitotic cells. It has essential roles in wound healing, tumour suppression and the very first stages of human development, while causing widespread damage and dysfunction with age leading to a raft of age-related diseases. This chapter discusses these roles and their interlinking pathways, and how the observed accumulation of senescent cells with age has initiated a whole new field of ageing research, covering pathologies in the heart, liver, kidneys, muscles, brain and bone. This chapter will also examine how senescent cell accumulation presents in these different tissues, along with their roles in disease development. Finally, there is much focus on developing treatments for senescent cell accumulation in advanced age as a method of alleviating age-related disease. We will discuss here the various senolytic and senostatic treatment approaches and their successes and limitations, and the innovative new strategies being developed to address the differing effects of cellular senescence in ageing and disease.
Topics: Humans; Aging; Cellular Senescence
PubMed: 36600133
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21410-3_7 -
International Review of Cell and... 2016NF-κB signaling exerts essential roles in immunity and cellular stress responses, regulating many functions related with organism innate defense. Besides, NF-κB... (Review)
Review
NF-κB signaling exerts essential roles in immunity and cellular stress responses, regulating many functions related with organism innate defense. Besides, NF-κB altered signaling has been causally linked to ageing and diverse pathological conditions. We discuss herein the functional involvement of this signaling pathway in ageing, visiting recent experimental evidence about NF-κB activation in this complex process, its functional consequences and the novel biological functions raised from these works. Moreover, we discuss ageing intervention strategies based on NF-κB inhibition, which have demonstrated to be effective at delaying and even reverting different ageing manifestations in human and mouse models of both normal and accelerated ageing. Altogether, the current evidence supports that NF-κB activation constitutes a driving force of the ageing process and a preferential target for rejuvenation-aimed approaches.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Humans; NF-kappa B; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 27572128
DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.04.003