-
Postgraduate Medical Journal May 2022
Topics: Ainhum; Humans
PubMed: 33589488
DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139674 -
The Indian Journal of Surgery Dec 2015Ainhum is an acquired progressive condition presenting with a constriction ring around the fifth toe. Classically, it was reported in people of African origin and has...
Ainhum is an acquired progressive condition presenting with a constriction ring around the fifth toe. Classically, it was reported in people of African origin and has been very rarely reported in India. Ainhum when diagnosed and treated early can be prevented from progressing to mutilating deformities. It needs to be differentiated from pseudo ainhum, which may have a precipitating factor, and careful history may reveal a preventable cause. We report a case of ainhum with involvement of the left fifth toe and early involvement of other toes.
PubMed: 27011582
DOI: 10.1007/s12262-014-1160-0 -
Endocrine Practice : Official Journal... Nov 2019
Topics: Ainhum; Female; Humans; Middle Aged
PubMed: 30865542
DOI: 10.4158/EP-2019-0084 -
Radiologia Brasileira 2015
PubMed: 26379327
DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2014.0064 -
Open Access Macedonian Journal of... Sep 2019Pseudo-ainhum is defined as any case of auto-amputation not associated with the classic spontaneous ainhum seen in Africans with unknown etiology.
BACKGROUND
Pseudo-ainhum is defined as any case of auto-amputation not associated with the classic spontaneous ainhum seen in Africans with unknown etiology.
CASE PRESENTATION
A severely ill 58-year-old male patient presented with a painless constricting circular band on his left second toe. His medical history was remarkable for severe alcoholic liver cirrhosis with ascites formation leading to dyspnea. He had a hypoalbuminemia and a pronounced peripheral sensory neuropathy.
CONCLUSION
Here we present the second case of pseudo-ainhum associated with liver cirrhosis.
PubMed: 31850112
DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.681 -
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic... Apr 2016The term 'AINHUM' is derived from the African word meaning 'to saw or cut'. True ainhum otherwise called dactylolysis spontanea is a condition involving soft tissue or...
The term 'AINHUM' is derived from the African word meaning 'to saw or cut'. True ainhum otherwise called dactylolysis spontanea is a condition involving soft tissue or digits with constricting rings commonly presenting in fifth toes, usually bilateral. It is to be differentiated from Pseudo-ainhum that occurs secondary to some hereditary and nonhereditary diseases that lead to annular constriction of digits. We report a rare case of true ainhum involving the left fourth toe only. It is a very rare case and a very few were reported worldwide. The highest incidence of ainhum has been reported in South Africa and South America. It is rarely reported in India. Ainhum when diagnosed and treated in early stages can be prevented from progressing to mutilating deformities.
PubMed: 27190888
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/17556.7648 -
Annales de Dermatologie Et de... Mar 2023Several phenotypes of non-inflammatory palmar and plantar keratoderma (PPK) have been described in patients of Sub-Saharan African descent. They include keratosis...
BACKGROUND
Several phenotypes of non-inflammatory palmar and plantar keratoderma (PPK) have been described in patients of Sub-Saharan African descent. They include keratosis punctata of the palmar creases, marginal keratoderma, also known as acrokeratoelastoidosis or focal acral hyperkeratosis, knuckle pads, other forms of diffuse hyperkeratosis, the very rare "mosaic acral keratosis", and ainhum. A previous survey has shown that these various forms of PPK are particularly frequent in patients of Sub-Saharan African descent and that they commonly occur concurrently, suggesting that they could form part of a single entity called "African" Acral Keratoderma (AAK).
AIM
To assess the validity of the concept of AAK and clarify its main characteristics.
METHODS
A retrospective, descriptive, monocenter study was carried out on patients with AAK seen at our institution between 2009 and 2020.
RESULTS
There were 42 patients (median age 38 years, range: 12-69 years), all of Sub-Saharan African descent. The male-female sex ratio was 0.3. Thirty-three (78%) had diffuse keratoderma, 25 (59%) had marginal keratoderma on their hands and/or feet, 20 (48%) had knuckle pads, 20 (48%) had keratosis punctata of the palmar creases, 3 had ainhum, and 2 had mosaic acral keratoderma. Mixed forms were seen in 76% of the patients (n = 32). Familial histories were reported by 17 patients (40%). Treatment was topical in over 90% of patients and systemic in 9 patients (21%). Ainhum was managed surgically.
CONCLUSION
This retrospective study provides additional evidence for the concept of AAK. A genetic origin is suggested by the familial aggregation of cases.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Retrospective Studies; Ainhum; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar; Black People; Hand
PubMed: 36424301
DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2022.08.004 -
Annales de Dermatologie Et de... Mar 2015Ainhum, or spontaneous dactylitis, involves the formation of a gradual constriction in the digital-plantar fold of the fifth toe that leads, after several years, to...
BACKGROUND
Ainhum, or spontaneous dactylitis, involves the formation of a gradual constriction in the digital-plantar fold of the fifth toe that leads, after several years, to autoamputation of the digit. This condition is classically distinguished from "true" ainhum, of unknown aetiology and affecting only subjects of African origin, from "pseudo-ainhum", resulting from different causes such as inflammatory constriction or constriction by a foreign body, and finally from ainhumoid palmoplantar keratoderma, which is of genetic origin and occurs for instance in Vohwinkel syndrome. Herein, we report three cases of ainhum in women of sub-Saharan African origin; in addition, all three subjects were also presenting various forms of hyperkeratosis of the hands and feet known to primarily affect subjects of African origin.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The three patients, aged 30, 48 and 44 years, were respectively from Mali, Guinea and Senegal. They had consulted a dermatologist for violent pain in the fifth toe, which frequently prevented sleep and was inexplicable despite several consultations, and even in one case in spite of surgical investigation. Once the diagnosis had been made, relief was promptly provided for all three patients through Z-plasty to remove the circular constriction around the toe in question. In addition to ainhum, the first patient was also presenting diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma, together with an aspect of acrokeratoelastoidosis on the edges of her hands and feet, and knuckle pads, while the second was presenting diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma and an aspect of marginal acrokeratoelastoidosis, and the third was presenting small knuckle pads.
DISCUSSION
A recent study has confirmed the high incidence of several forms of palmoplantar keratoderma of African origin, as well as frequent association of these different varieties with one another. These consist of diffuse keratoderma having a relatively non-specific aspect, keratoderma punctata of the palmar creases, marginal keratoderma known also as focal acral hyperkeratosis, and acrokeratoelastoidosis, despite the absence of histological evidence, and finally, inverted keratoderma, i.e. affecting the dorsal aspects of the extremities, such as knuckle pads. In the three cases presented here, ainhum was associated with these different forms of acral keratoderma seen chiefly in subjects of African origin.
CONCLUSION
So-called "true" ainhum may be included in a broader group of African acral keratoderma, further reinforcing the unity of this group. Genetic studies are required to enable validation and refinement of these clinical findings.
Topics: Adult; Ainhum; Black People; Female; Humans; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar; Middle Aged
PubMed: 25624138
DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2014.11.013 -
International Journal of Dermatology Sep 2020
Topics: Ainhum; CREST Syndrome; Constriction, Pathologic; Humans
PubMed: 32557599
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15014