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Bulletin of Experimental Biology and... Apr 2022We studied activity of Bordetella pertussis LPS in the LAL test. The mean activity of various series of LPS preparations obtained from B. pertussis cells ranged from...
We studied activity of Bordetella pertussis LPS in the LAL test. The mean activity of various series of LPS preparations obtained from B. pertussis cells ranged from 1,950,000 to 2,940,000 endotoxin units/μg (EU/μg). Activity of the LPS preparation obtained from the culture medium supernatant was significantly higher (4,640,000 EU/μg). Activity of the control standard E. coli 055:B5 LPS was 19,500±500 EU/μg. These data indicate that activity of the obtained preparations of B. pertussis LPS in the LAL test is 100-200 times higher than activity of E. coli LPS used as a reference control. It was concluded that the results of the LAL test when assessing the permissible content of B. pertussis endotoxins require correction, probably by introducing a correction factor.
Topics: Bordetella pertussis; Endotoxins; Escherichia coli; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 35501658
DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05463-w -
Expert Review of Vaccines Sep 2014
Topics: Bordetella; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Discovery; Humans; Pertussis Vaccine; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 25115214
DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.946910 -
International Journal of Antimicrobial... Mar 2021There is considerable history and practice experience both with laboratory susceptibility testing for Bordetella pertussis and clinical treatment. This two-part... (Review)
Review
There is considerable history and practice experience both with laboratory susceptibility testing for Bordetella pertussis and clinical treatment. This two-part narrative review provides a synthesis of the laboratory and clinical sciences as they apply to this bacterium and the clinical consequences of treating infection. It is generally held that antibiotic susceptibility testing for B. pertussis is not sufficiently standardised, but there has not been an urgent need to consolidate the same given the lack global experience with major resistance profiles. Experience in China, however, has provided concern for high-level macrolide resistance. The nature of and frequency of such resistance has raised the bar for reconsideration of susceptibility testing given that first-line treatment may be regionally compromised. Disk diffusion and Etest susceptibility testing can be recommended for screening resistance among individual isolates of B. pertussis and on an ad hoc manner. Disk diffusion, Etest and/or critical agar dilution testing can be recommended for large-scale studies. Standards for inoculum, growth atmosphere, timing of interpretation, preferred testing media and controls can be extrapolated from the publications to date. Such methods should be able to detect high-level resistance to several antibiotics, but especially macrolides. Concern for intermediate-susceptible categories requires consideration as well as the correlation with bacteriological and clinical outcomes. Provisional standards can be applied at this time, and modification or fine-tuning of any such standards are open to future investigation.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bordetella pertussis; Culture Media; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 33310116
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106258 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Oct 2018Maternal pertussis vaccination has been introduced in several countries to protect infants from birth until routine infant vaccination takes place. This review assesses... (Review)
Review
Maternal pertussis vaccination has been introduced in several countries to protect infants from birth until routine infant vaccination takes place. This review assesses existing evidence on the effectiveness and safety of immunization in pregnancy. The search was finalized in April 2017 and was based on searches using several databases. The selection criteria included any experimental or observational study reporting on the immunogenicity, effectiveness or safety of vaccination with a pertussis-containing vaccine in pregnant women and their infants. Following de-duplication and exclusions, we identified 8395 studies, which were reduced to 46 for inclusion. The overall risk of bias was low, with the exception of some early studies and pharmacovigilance safety data. The evidence demonstrates efficient transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies in infants whose mothers were vaccinated with Tdap or Tdap/IPV in pregnancy, with good evidence that this protects against disease in young infants. Safety studies covering more than 150 000 women vaccinated mostly in the late second or third trimesters are generally consistent and provide reassurance of no significant increased risk of recognized maternal conditions or of adverse events (including congenital anomalies) in infants born to vaccinated women. The clinical significance of reduced seroconversion to pertussis following routine immunization is not yet clear, but no increased risk of pertussis in infants whose mothers were vaccinated in pregnancy was found following primary immunizations in North American and English studies. Most post-booster studies suggest that any blunting effect is short-lived and that longer-term protection in infants from active immunization is not compromised.
Topics: Bordetella pertussis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pertussis Vaccine; Pregnancy; Vaccination; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 30222536
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000829 -
International Journal of Antimicrobial... Mar 2021Despite the plethora of studies that have examined laboratory susceptibility testing for Bordetella pertussis, assessments of treatment have lagged far behind both in... (Review)
Review
Despite the plethora of studies that have examined laboratory susceptibility testing for Bordetella pertussis, assessments of treatment have lagged far behind both in quality and quantity. Macrolides and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole historically served the needs of both treatment and prevention, albeit there is still controversy about the degree of protection measured both bacteriologically and clinically. As high-level macrolide resistance has emerged in some geographic regions and since macrolides have been the mainstay of therapy, alternative antibiotics need to be defined for pertussis. In vitro susceptibility testing suggests the potential for several alternatives to macrolides, including trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, specific β-lactam agents, chloramphenicol, some quinolones and possibly some tetracyclines. For the latter antibiotics, more clinical studies for treatment and prophylaxis are required in to order to establish bacteriological-clinical correlates for outcome. In the interim, if the clinical circumstances mandate the use of proposed interim alternatives to macrolides, outcomes should be assessed with test of cure by culture, since genetic amplification technologies do not discriminate bacterial viability. Whereas there may be debate in regard to using placebo or macrolides as the controls for alternative antibiotic therapy in geographies where most B. pertussis isolates are antibiotic-susceptible, both placebo and macrolide controls should be assessed along with alternative antibiotics in well-designed controlled studies in regions pressured by macrolide resistance. Outcomes of clinical response and epidemiological patterns of disease should continue to be monitored given the degree of macrolide resistance that is emerging.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bordetella pertussis; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Treatment Outcome; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 33310117
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106257 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022A variety of bacteria have evolved the ability to interact with environmental phagocytic predators such as amoebae, which may have facilitated their subsequent...
A variety of bacteria have evolved the ability to interact with environmental phagocytic predators such as amoebae, which may have facilitated their subsequent interactions with phagocytes in animal hosts. Our recent study found that the animal pathogen can evade predation by the common soil amoeba , survive within, and hijack its complex life cycle as a propagation and dissemination vector. However, it is uncertain whether the mechanisms allowing interactions with predatory amoebae are conserved among species, because divergence, evolution, and adaptation to different hosts and ecological niches was accompanied by acquisition and loss of many genes. Here we tested 9 diverse species in three assays representing distinct aspects of their interactions with . Several human and animal pathogens retained the abilities to survive within single-celled amoeba, to inhibit amoebic plaque expansion, and to translocate with amoebae to the fruiting body and disseminate along with the fruiting body. In contrast, these abilities were partly degraded for the bird pathogen , and for the human-restricted species and . Interestingly, a different lineage of only known to infect sheep retained the ability to interact with , demonstrating that these abilities were lost in multiple lineages independently, correlating with niche specialization and recent rapid genome decay apparently mediated by insertion sequences. has been isolated sporadically from diverse human and environmental sources, has acquired insertion sequences, undergone genome decay and has also lost the ability to interact with amoebae, suggesting some specialization to some unknown niche. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified a set of genes that are potentially associated with the ability to interact with . These results suggest that massive gene loss associated with specialization of some species to a closed life cycle in a particular host was repeatedly and independently accompanied by loss of the ability to interact with amoebae in an environmental niche.
Topics: Amoeba; Animals; Bordetella; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Dictyostelium; Genome-Wide Association Study; Sheep
PubMed: 35223538
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.798317 -
Microbiology Spectrum Apr 2016Since the first description of Bordetella holmesii in 1995, almost 100 publications have contributed to the increasing knowledge of this emerging bacterium. Although... (Review)
Review
Since the first description of Bordetella holmesii in 1995, almost 100 publications have contributed to the increasing knowledge of this emerging bacterium. Although first reported to induce bacteremia mainly in immunocompromised patients, it has also been isolated in healthy persons and has shown the capacity to induce pertussis-like symptoms and other clinical entities, such as meningitis, arthritis, or endocarditis. Respiratory diseases are generally less severe than those induced by Bordetella pertussis. However, B. holmesii was found to have a higher capacity of invasiveness given the various infection sites in which it was isolated. The diagnosis is difficult, particularly as it is a slow-growing organism but also because respiratory infections are systematically misdiagnosed as B. pertussis. Treatment is delicate, as its susceptibility to macrolides (prescribed in respiratory infections) and ceftriaxone (used in invasive disease) is challenged. Regarding prevention, there is no consensus on prophylactic treatment following index cases and no vaccine is available. Epidemiological data are also sparse, with few prevalence studies available. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on B. holmesii.
Topics: Bordetella; Bordetella Infections; Ceftriaxone; Humans; Macrolides
PubMed: 27227292
DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.EI10-0003-2015 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Dec 2016
Topics: Bordetella pertussis; Humans; Infections; Th1 Cells; Th17 Cells; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 27838662
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw525 -
Central European Journal of Public... Dec 2022The aim of the study was to investigate possible emergence of resistance to disinfectants in Bordetella pertussis strains isolated from patients with whooping cough in...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to investigate possible emergence of resistance to disinfectants in Bordetella pertussis strains isolated from patients with whooping cough in the Czech Republic in 2014 and 2015.
METHODS
In an EN1500-based study, clean and dry fingertips of volunteers were always contaminated with one of the two clinical isolates of B. pertussis. Clinical isolates of B. pertussis were obtained from the National Reference Laboratory for Pertussis and Diphtheria, National Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Prague, Czech Republic. Dry and contaminated fingertips were immersed in 10 ml medium and then rubbed with the fingers for 1 minute. After that, the hands were treated with isopropanol 60% v/v or tested products, and then the fingertips were rubbed again into 10 ml of pure medium for 1 minute. The suspensions obtained were immediately diluted and plated on charcoal medium.
RESULTS
Ethanol-based product A and propanol-based product B showed bactericidal activity after 30 s of contact. The confidence interval limit for product A and B was 0.12 and 0.19, respectively. Quaternary ammonium compound-based product C was found to be ineffective after 30 s of contact. The confidence interval limit for product C was 0.62.
CONCLUSION
Products A and B were assessed as effective against clinical isolates of B. pertussis in accordance with EN 1500. Quaternary ammonium compound-based product C did not comply with the requirements of EN 1500.
Topics: Humans; Bordetella pertussis; Whooping Cough; Hand Sanitizers; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Czech Republic
PubMed: 36718925
DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7141 -
The Veterinary Record Feb 2021
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Vaccines; Bordetella Infections; Bordetella bronchiseptica
PubMed: 34651886
DOI: 10.1002/vetr.171