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Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and... 2023Diabetes is a non-contagious disease, but it can cause various complications. One of the most common complications of diabetes is diabetic ulcers. Diabetic ulcers are...
INTRODUCTION
Diabetes is a non-contagious disease, but it can cause various complications. One of the most common complications of diabetes is diabetic ulcers. Diabetic ulcers are infections that occur in the legs of diabetics due to the destruction of the deepest skin tissue. Recent studies have reported the presence of Alcaligenes faecalis with extensive drug resistance (XDR) properties as a cause of diabetic ulcers. Bacteriophages are known to have the ability to infect bacteria specifically so that they can be used as an alternative solution for treating diabetic ulcers. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of bacteriophages capable of infecting Alcaligenes faecalis bacteria.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The method used is the spot test method, host range, and identification of nucleic acid types.
RESULTS
The results showed that the 6 bacteriophages isolated, namely AFaV1, AFaV2, AFaV3, AFaV4, AFaV5, and AFaV6, had cloudy plaques with a diameter of ±3 mm. AFaV1, AFaV2, and AFaV4 isolates could infect all bacteria used; they were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Meanwhile, bacteriophage isolates AFaV3, AFaV5, and AFaV6 could infect Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria only. The nucleic acid types of the 6 bacteriophage samples were dsDNA with band length > 1 Kb.
CONCLUSIONS
The 6 isolates that were isolated had the ability to infect by forming a prophage that could inhibit the growth of Alcaligenes faecalis and other pathogenic bacteria in diabetic ulcers.
Topics: Humans; Alcaligenes faecalis; Bacteriophages; Ulcer; Bacterial Infections; Diabetes Complications; Nucleic Acids; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37728456
DOI: 10.5114/pedm.2023.125363 -
Biology Jun 2022Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is secreted by the ventricles of the heart during overload to signal heart failure. Slight bilateral skin itching induced by BNP has been...
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is secreted by the ventricles of the heart during overload to signal heart failure. Slight bilateral skin itching induced by BNP has been associated with response activity of the skin microbiota. In this work, we studied the effect of 25-250,000 pg BNP/mL on the growth, long-term survival, and stress (HO, antibiotics, salinity, heat and pH shock) resistance of human symbiont bacteria: Gram-positive C01 and Gram-negative DOS7. The effect of BNP turned out to be dose-dependent. Up to 250 pg BNP/mL made bacteria more stress resistant. At 2500 pg BNP/mL (heart failure) the thermosensitivity of the bacteria increased. Almost all considered BNP concentrations increased the resistance of bacteria to the action of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. Both bacteria survived 1.3-1.7 times better during long-term (up to 4 months) storage. Our findings are important both for clinical medical practice and for practical application in other areas. For example, BNP can be used to obtain stress-resistant bacteria, which is important in the collection of microorganisms, as well as for the production of bacterial preparations and probiotics for cosmetology, agriculture, and waste management.
PubMed: 36101364
DOI: 10.3390/biology11070984 -
RSC Advances Jul 2019Some microorganisms can utilize photoelectrons and electrode electrons. Exogenous electrons generate enough energy for growth, and electron shuttles may accelerate this...
Some microorganisms can utilize photoelectrons and electrode electrons. Exogenous electrons generate enough energy for growth, and electron shuttles may accelerate this process. This research data supported photoelectron-responsive microorganism was effected by the growth metabolism due to bias and electron shuttle riboflavin (RF) with an adaptive screening voltage under oligotrophic conditions. A slight change was observed in the redox property of RF. RF played the role of an electron shuttle. Microbial extracellular metabolites could bind additional nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) species with RF. The intracellular protein content in the group of RF-Bias was 1.94, 1.93 and 4.02 times higher than those in the RF, bias and control groups, respectively, while the corresponding intracellular contents of humus were 1.10, 0.93 and 1.42 times higher. The content of CoA in RF-Bias, RF and bias increased to 116.0%, 108.5% and 103.8%, respectively. The organic acids of the RF-Bias group in the Krebs cycle are more advanced than those of other groups. Overall, in the Krebs cycle, RF and bias facilitated the growth and metabolism of . Finally, a mechanism was proposed, showing that the electron transfer chain and the Krebs cycle are stimulated by RF and bias.
PubMed: 35514515
DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04066h -
Biophysical Chemistry Jul 2022Microbial decolorization of azo dyes, mediated by an enzymatic mechanism is an intricate cost-effective, and eco-friendly treatment method of genotoxic azo pollutants....
Microbial decolorization of azo dyes, mediated by an enzymatic mechanism is an intricate cost-effective, and eco-friendly treatment method of genotoxic azo pollutants. Scientists are on the constant lookout for microbes, enzymes, and mechanisms that could aid remediation of the environment at a fast pace. Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. phenolicus MB207 is one such bacteria, consisting of azoreductase (AzoR) and laccase/multicopper oxidase enzyme responsible for sulphonated mono-azo dye (Methyl orange) and di-azo dye (Congo red) degradation. AzoR degrades dyes by a ping-pong setup while multicopper oxidase achieves this through a non-specified radical approach. We have coupled experimental analysis with bioinformatics for deciphering intricacies of this procedure in tiny scale enzymatic machines of this biotope. The degradation assays were followed by molecular docking of the enzyme-substrate complexes. Key anchoring bonds were detected and mapped H-bonding, electron exchange, ionic interactions, as well as hydrophobic interactions, provided insights into dye-enzyme and NADH-enzyme binding. This study establishes a foundation of the molecular basis of dye interaction with azoR and multicopper oxidase in A. facealis subsp. phenolicus MB207.
Topics: Alcaligenes; Amlodipine Besylate, Olmesartan Medoxomil Drug Combination; Azo Compounds; Biodegradation, Environmental; Coloring Agents; Molecular Docking Simulation
PubMed: 35397247
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106806 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2021The present study was aimed to evaluate the suitability of agro-wastes and crude vegetable oils for the cost-effective production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), to...
The present study was aimed to evaluate the suitability of agro-wastes and crude vegetable oils for the cost-effective production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), to evaluate growth kinetics and PHB production in RZS4 and sp. RZS1 with these carbon substrates and to study the biodegradation of PHB accumulated by these cultures. RZS4 and sp. RZS1 accumulates higher amounts of PHB corn (79.90% of dry cell mass) and rice straw (66.22% of dry cell mass) medium respectively. The kinetic model suggests that the sp. RZS1 follows the Monod model more closely than RZS4. Both the cultures degrade their PHB extract under the influence of PHB depolymerase. Corn waste and rice straw appear as the best and cost-effective substrates for the sustainable production of PHB from RZS4 and sp. RZS1. The biopolymer accumulated by these organisms is biodegradable in nature. The agro-wastes and crude vegetable oils are good and low-cost sources of nutrients for the growth and production of PHB and other metabolites. Their use would lower the production cost of PHB and the low-cost production will reduce the sailing price of PHB-based products. This would promote the large-scale commercialization and popularization of PHB as an ecofriendly bioplastic/biopolymer.
Topics: Agriculture; Alcaligenes; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biomass; Biopolymers; Fermentation; Kinetics; Plastics; Pseudomonas; Spectrum Analysis; Waste Products
PubMed: 33922162
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092443 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... May 2023Carbapenemase-producing makes a great contribution to carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacilli. Bla gene was first discovered by us in Alcaligenes faecalis AN70...
BACKGROUND
Carbapenemase-producing makes a great contribution to carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacilli. Bla gene was first discovered by us in Alcaligenes faecalis AN70 strain isolated in Guangzhou of China and, was submitted to NCBI on 16 November 2018.
METHODS
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution assay using BD Phoenix 100. The phylogenetic tree of AFM and other B1 metallo-β-lactamases was visualized by MEGA7.0. Whole-genome sequencing technology was used to sequence carbapenem-resistant strains including the bla gene. Cloning and expressing of bla were designed to verify the function of AFM-1 to hydrolyze carbapenems and common β-lactamase substrates. Carba NP and Etest experiments were conducted to evaluate the activity of carbapenemase. Homology modeling was applied to predict the spatial structure of AFM-1. A conjugation assay was performed to test the ability of horizontal transfer of AFM-1 enzyme. The genetic context of bla was performed by Blast alignment.
RESULTS
Alcaligenes faecalis strain AN70, Comamonas testosteroni strain NFYY023, Bordetella trematum strain E202, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain NCTC10498 were identified as carrying the bla gene. All of these four strains were carbapenem-resistant strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AFM-1 shares little nucleotide and amino acid identity with other class B carbapenemases (the highest identity (86%) with NDM-1 at the amino acid sequence level). The spatial structure of the AFM-1 enzyme was predicted to be αβ/βα sandwich structure, with two zinc atoms at its active site structure. Cloning and expressing of bla verified AFM-1 could hydrolyze carbapenems and common β-lactamase substrates. Carba NP test presented that the AFM-1 enzyme possesses carbapenemase activity. The successful transfer of pAN70-1(plasmid of AN70) to E.coli J53 suggested that the bla gene could be disseminated by the plasmid. The genetic context of bla indicated that the downstream of the bla gene was always adjacent to trpF and ble. Comparative genome analysis revealed that bla appeared to have been mobilized by an ISCR27-related mediated event.
CONCLUSIONS
The bla gene is derived from chromosome and plasmid, and the bla gene derived from the pAN70-1 plasmid can transfer carbapenem resistance to susceptible strains through horizontal transfer. Several bla-positive species have been isolated from feces in Guangzhou, China.
Topics: Humans; Carbapenems; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Phylogeny; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases; Plasmids; Escherichia coli; China
PubMed: 37198688
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00592-0 -
International Journal of Antimicrobial... Sep 2020Colistin is a last-resort drug used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria that have developed carbapenem resistance. Emergence and...
Colistin is a last-resort drug used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria that have developed carbapenem resistance. Emergence and rapid dissemination of the nine plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 to mcr-9) has led to fear of pandrug-resistant infections worldwide. To date, there is only limited information on colistin resistance in African countries where the drug is widely used in agriculture. In this Nigerian study, 583 non-duplicate bacterial strains were isolated from 1119 samples from humans, camels, cattle, dogs, pigs and poultry using colistin-supplemented MacConkey agar, among which 17.0% (99/583) were colistin-resistant. PCR (mcr-1 to mcr-9) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) identified mcr in 21.2% (21/99) of colistin-resistant isolates: mcr-1.1 (n = 13), mcr-8.1 (n = 5), mcr-1.1 and mcr-8.1 (n = 2), and mcr-1.1 and mcr-5 (n = 1). Of the 21 mcr-positive strains, 9 were isolated from human samples, with 8 being Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 6 of these human K. pneumoniae had a high colistin MIC (>64 μg/mL). In contrast, 9 of the 12 mcr-positive animal isolates were Escherichia coli, of which only 2 had a colistin MIC of >64 μg/mL. This study is the first to report mcr-1 in Alcaligenes faecalis and the emergence of mcr-5 and mcr-8 in Nigeria. WGS determined that mcr-1 was localised on an IncX4 plasmid and that 95.2% of mcr-1 harbouring isolates (20/21) transferred colistin resistance successfully by conjugation. These findings highlight the global spread of colistin resistance and emphasise the urgent need for co-ordinated global action to combat resistant bacteria.
Topics: Alcaligenes faecalis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Colistin; Dogs; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Enterobacteriaceae; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nigeria; Plasmids; Retroelements; Swine
PubMed: 32721596
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106108 -
Pest Management Science Apr 2021Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (spotted wing drosophila), an invasive species, has recently become a significant global pest of soft-skinned fruits such as...
BACKGROUND
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (spotted wing drosophila), an invasive species, has recently become a significant global pest of soft-skinned fruits such as berries. Unlike other Drosophila species, female D. suzukii have evolved a specialized sharp, serrated ovipositor that pierces and penetrates ripe and ripening fruits, causing them to lose commercial value and preventing their sale. A first step for the development of biological control agents for pest management may be achieved through the identification of microbes infectious for D. suzukii in the wild.
RESULTS
We first determined that D. suzukii is susceptible to chemicals commonly used to rear Drosophilids in the laboratory and established a diet able to sustain healthy D. suzukii growth. Using this diet, we demonstrated that of 25 species of culturable bacteria and fungi isolated from field-collected D. suzukii, eight microbes decreased host survival when injected. Three of the eight bacteria (Alcaligenes faecalis, Achromobacter spanius and Serratia marcescens) were acutely pathogenic to both D. suzukii and Drosophila melanogaster adults by injection. Feeding of these bacteria resulted in susceptibility only in larvae.
CONCLUSION
We successfully identified multiple microbes from field-collected D. suzukii that are pathogenic to both larvae and adults through different routes of infection, some of which could be candidates for biocontrol of this species. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Achromobacter; Animals; Drosophila; Drosophila melanogaster; Female; Fruit
PubMed: 33342014
DOI: 10.1002/ps.6235 -
Archives of Virology Mar 2022A novel lytic phage named vB_AfaP_QDWS595 infecting Alcaligenes faecalis was isolated and characterized in this study. The genome of phage vB_AfaP_QDWS595 was sequenced...
A novel lytic phage named vB_AfaP_QDWS595 infecting Alcaligenes faecalis was isolated and characterized in this study. The genome of phage vB_AfaP_QDWS595 was sequenced and analyzed, and the result revealed that the phage contained 70,466 bp of double-stranded DNA with 41.12% GC content. There were 74 putative genes encoding proteins as well as 11 tRNAs predicted in the phage genome. Phenotype and phylogeny analysis indicated that this phage might be a new member of the family Schitoviridae.
Topics: Alcaligenes faecalis; Bacteriophages; Base Composition; Genome, Viral; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 35118527
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05373-2 -
Environmental Microbiology Mar 2023Microbial ammonia oxidation is vital to the nitrogen cycle. A biological process, called Dirammox (direct ammonia oxidation, NH →NH OH→N ), has been recently...
Microbial ammonia oxidation is vital to the nitrogen cycle. A biological process, called Dirammox (direct ammonia oxidation, NH →NH OH→N ), has been recently identified in Alcaligenes ammonioxydans and Alcaligenes faecalis. However, its transcriptional regulatory mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. The present study characterized a new MocR-like transcription factor DnfR that is involved in the Dirammox process in A. faecalis strain JQ135. The entire dnf cluster was composed of 10 genes and transcribed as five transcriptional units, that is, dnfIH, dnfR, dnfG, dnfABCDE and dnfF. DnfR activates the transcription of dnfIH, dnfG and dnfABCDE genes, and represses its own transcription. The intact 1506-bp dnfR gene was required for activation of Dirammox. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting analyses showed that DnfR has one binding site in the dnfH-dnfR intergenic region and two binding sites in the dnfG-dnfA intergenic region. Three binding sites of DnfR shared a 6-bp repeated conserved sequence 5'-GGTCTG-N -GGTCTG-3' which was essential for the transcription of downstream target genes. Cysteine and glutamate act as possible effectors of DnfR to activate the transcription of transcriptional units of dnfG and dnfABCDE, respectively. This study provided new insights in the transcriptional regulation mechanism of Dirammox by DnfR in A. faecalis JQ135.
Topics: Alcaligenes faecalis; Ammonia; Binding Sites; Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic; Bacterial Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
PubMed: 36527381
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16318