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Frontiers in Nutrition 2022The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different starch and protein levels on lipid metabolism and gut microbes in mice of different genders. A...
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different starch and protein levels on lipid metabolism and gut microbes in mice of different genders. A total of 160 male mice were randomly assigned to sixteen groups and fed a 4 × 4 Latin square design with dietary protein concentrations of 16, 18, 20, and 22%, and starch concentrations of 50, 52, 54, and 56%, respectively. The results of the study showed that different proportions of starch and protein had obvious effects on the liver index of mice, and there was a significant interaction between starch and protein on the liver index ( = 0.005). Compared with other protein ratio diets, 18% protein diet significantly increased the serum TBA concentration of mice ( < 0.001), and different starch ratio diets had no effect on serum TBA concentration ( = 0.442). It was proved from the results of ileal tissue HE staining that the low protein diet and the low starch diet were more favorable. There was a significant interaction between diets with different starch and protein levels on , and abundance in feces of mice ( < 0.001). Compared with 16 and 18% protein ratio diets, both 20 and 22% protein diets significantly decreased the and abundance in feces of mice ( < 0.05), and 52% starch ratio diet significantly decreased the and abundance than 50% starch ratio diet of mice ( < 0.05). There was a significant interaction between diets with different starch and protein levels on ( = 0.014) and ( = 0.001) abundance in feces of mice. Taken together, our results suggest that a low protein and starch diet can alter lipid metabolism and gut microbes in mice.
PubMed: 36466418
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1018026 -
Current Opinion in Gastroenterology Nov 2017Microbiota is a major player in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we summarize the key advances achieved in the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Microbiota is a major player in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we summarize the key advances achieved in the past 18 months (ending June 2017) toward a better understanding of the role of microbiota in colitis and CRC development.
RECENT FINDINGS
Accumulating evidence shows the essential role of intestinal barrier function (e.g. mucus, IgA, LCN2, LYPD8) in protecting against bacteria-induced inflammation and tumor development. Numerous signaling pathways (e.g. TLRs and NLRs), metabolites (e.g. indole, bile acids, retinoic acid) and small noncoding RNAs (e.g. miRNA) have been identified as key mediators regulating host-microbe interactions in the intestine. Novel microbial drivers of colitis and tumorigenesis (e.g. Alistipes finegoldii, Atopobium parvalum, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius) have been identified and their disease-promoting activities have been described.
SUMMARY
IBD-associated colorectal cancer results from a complex breakdown of communication between the host and its microbiota, involving barrier function, immune signaling and metabolites.
Topics: Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colorectal Neoplasms; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; MicroRNAs
PubMed: 28877044
DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000399 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Microbiome dysfunction is known to aggravate acute pancreatitis (AP); however, the relationship between this dysfunction and metabolite alterations is not fully...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Microbiome dysfunction is known to aggravate acute pancreatitis (AP); however, the relationship between this dysfunction and metabolite alterations is not fully understood. This study explored the crosstalk between the microbiome and metabolites in AP mice.
METHODS
Experimental AP models were established by injecting C57/BL mice with seven doses of cerulein and one dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics were used to identify systemic disturbances in the microbiome and metabolites, respectively, during the progression of AP.
RESULTS
The gut microbiome of AP mice primarily included Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria, and "core microbiota" characterized by an increase in Proteobacteria and a decrease in Actinobacteria. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found that significantly different microbes were involved in several signaling networks. Untargeted metabolomics identified 872 metabolites, of which lipids and lipid-like molecules were the most impacted. An integrated analysis of metagenomics and metabolomics indicated that acetate kinase () gene expression was associated with various gut microbiota, including , , and , and was strongly correlated with the metabolite daphnoretin. The functional gene, -acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase (), was associated with , , and , and linked to bufalin and phlorobenzophenone metabolite production.
CONCLUSION
This study identified the relationship between the gut microbiome and metabolite levels during AP, especially the , and -associated functional genes, and . Expression of these genes was significantly correlated to the production of the anti-inflammatory and antitumor metabolites daphnoretin and bufalin.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Metagenomics; Acute Disease; Pancreatitis; Microbiota; Signal Transduction; Bacteroidetes; Lactobacillus
PubMed: 37621874
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1134321 -
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and... 2021Dysbiosis of gut microbiota impairs the homeostasis of immune and metabolic systems. Although previous studies have revealed the correlation between gut microbiota and...
INTRODUCTION
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota impairs the homeostasis of immune and metabolic systems. Although previous studies have revealed the correlation between gut microbiota and various diseases, the function between gut microbiota and diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not been discovered distinctly. In this study, we tried to investigate the profile and function of gut microbiota in DN.
METHODS
A total of 100 people were enrolled in this study. Twenty were healthy people, 20 were diabetes patients, and 60 were DN patients. The DN patients were divided into three stages including stage III, IV, and V. We conducted taxonomic analyses in different groups. The distributions of phyla, classes, orders, families, and genera in different groups and samples were investigated. We also evaluated the correlations between clinical parameters and gut microbiota in 60 DN patients.
RESULTS
The gut microbiota in the healthy group, diabetes group, and DN group had 1764 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in total. The healthy group had 1034 OTUs, the diabetes group had 899 OTUs, and the DN group had 1602 OTUs. The diversity of gut microbiota in the stage III DN group was smaller than that in the other groups. 24-h urinary protein was positively correlated with and , cholesterol was positively correlated with and , and estimated glomerular filtration rate was negatively correlated with group.
DISCUSSION
The gut microbiota might play an important role in the development and pathogenesis of DN. A change in gut microbiota diversity is correlated with disease progression. Some kinds of gut microbiota including , , , , and group might be detrimental factors in DN.
PubMed: 34703261
DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S320169 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolic pathway disorders are closely related to the ulcerative colitis. Through network pharmacology, we found that puerarin is a...
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolic pathway disorders are closely related to the ulcerative colitis. Through network pharmacology, we found that puerarin is a potential ingredient that can improve the crypt deformation and inflammatory infiltration in mice, and decrease the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α significantly. , and gradually became dominant bacteria in UC mice, which were positively correlated with inflammatory factors. Puerarin effectively improved dysbiosis by reducing the abundance of , and , and increasing the level of . Correlation network and metabolic function prediction analysis of the microbiota showed that they formed a tightly connected network and were widely involved in carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Specifically, we observed significant changes in the tryptophan metabolism pathway in DSS mice, with an increase in the abundance of and involved in tryptophan metabolism. However, this metabolic disorder was alleviated after puerarin treatment, including the reversal of 3-HAA levels and an increase in the abundance of and involved in kynurenine metabolism, as well as a significant increase in the purine metabolite guanosine. In conclusion, our study suggests that puerarin has a good therapeutic effect on UC, which is partially achieved by restoring the composition and abundance of gut microbiota and their metabolism.
PubMed: 37908541
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1279029 -
Psychoneuroendocrinology Feb 2022Chronic stress and the gut microbiota appear to comprise a feed-forward loop, which contributes to the development of depressive disorders. Evidence suggests that memory...
Chronic stress and the gut microbiota appear to comprise a feed-forward loop, which contributes to the development of depressive disorders. Evidence suggests that memory can also be impaired by either chronic stress or microbiota imbalance. However, it remains to be established whether these could be a part of an integrated loop model and be responsible for memory impairments. To shed light on this, we used a two-pronged approach in Japanese quail: first stress-induced alterations in gut microbiota were characterized, then we tested whether this altered microbiota could affect brain and memory function when transferred to a germ-free host. The cecal microbiota of chronically stressed quails was found to be significantly different from that of unstressed individuals with lower α and β diversities and increased Bacteroidetes abundance largely represented by the Alistipes genus, a well-known stress target in rodents and humans. The transfer of this altered microbiota into germ-free quails decreased their spatial and cue-based memory abilities as previously demonstrated in the stressed donors. The recipients also displayed increased anxiety-like behavior, reduced basal plasma corticosterone levels and differential gene expression in the brain. Furthermore, cecal microbiota transfer from a chronically stressed individual was sufficient to mimic the adverse impact of chronic stress on memory in recipient hosts and this action may be related to the Alistipes genus. Our results provide evidence of a feed-forward loop system linking the microbiota-gut-brain axis to stress and memory function and suggest that maintaining a healthy microbiota could help alleviate memory impairments linked to chronic stress.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Corticosterone; Coturnix; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Memory Disorders; Microbiota
PubMed: 34875421
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105594 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022is an anaerobic Gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium. The majority of strains produce two toxins, A and B, associated with the development of acute diarrhea... (Review)
Review
is an anaerobic Gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium. The majority of strains produce two toxins, A and B, associated with the development of acute diarrhea and/or colitis. In this review, two situations are distinguished: infection (CDI) and asymptomatic colonization (AC). The main objective of this review is to explore the available data related to the link between the gut microbiota and the development of CDI. The secondary aim is to provide more information on why some people colonized with toxigenic develop an infection while others show no signs of disease. Several factors, such as the use of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors, hospitalization, and age, predispose individuals to colonization and/or infection. The gut microbiota of people with AC showed decreased abundances of , , , , , , and . The gut microbiota of people suffering from CDI showed reductions in the abundances of , , spp., spp., spp., spp., spp., spp., spp. and spp., in comparison with healthy people. Furthermore, increases in the abundances of and were associated with infection.
PubMed: 35890026
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070781 -
Chinese Medical Journal Jan 2024Links between alterations in gut microbiota composition and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have previously been reported. This study aimed to examine the microbiota...
BACKGROUND
Links between alterations in gut microbiota composition and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have previously been reported. This study aimed to examine the microbiota in the nasal cavity of ALS.
METHODS
Sixty-six ALS patients and 40 healthy caregivers who live in close proximity with patients were enrolled. High throughput metagenomic sequencing of the 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) gene V3-V4 region of nasal microbiota was used to characterize the alpha and beta diversity and relative abundance of bacterial taxa, predict function, and conduct correlation analysis between specific taxa and clinical features.
RESULTS
The nasal microbiome of ALS patients showed lower alpha diversity than that of corresponding healthy family members. Genera Gaiella , Sphingomonas , Polaribacter _1, Lachnospiraceae _NK4A136_group, Klebsiella , and Alistipes were differentially enriched in ALS patients compared to controls. Nasal microbiota composition in ALS patients significantly differed from that in healthy subjects (unweighted UniFrac P = 0.001), while Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis indicated that Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominated healthy nasal communities at the phylum level, whereas Actinobacteria was the predominant phylum and Thermoleophilia was the predominant class in ALS patients. Genus Faecalibacterium and Alistipes were positively correlated with ALS functional rating scale revised (ALSFRS-R; rs = 0.349, P = 0.020 and rs = 0.393, P = 0.008), while Prevotella -9 and Bacteroides operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were positively associated with lung function (FVC) in ALS patients ( rs = 0.304, P = 0.045, and rs = 0.300, P = 0.048, respectively). Prevotella -1 was positively correlated with white blood cell counts (WBC, rs = 0.347, P = 0.021), neutrophil percentage (Neu%, rs = 0.428, P = 0.004), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR, rs = 0.411, P = 0.006), but negatively correlated with lymphocyte percentage (Lym%, rs = -0.408, P = 0.006). In contrast, Streptococcus was negatively associated with Neu% ( rs = -0.445, P = 0.003) and NLR ( rs = -0.436, P = 0.003), while positively associated with Lym% ( rs = 0.437, P = 0.003). No significant differences in nasal microbiota richness and evenness were detected among the severe and mild ALS patients.
CONCLUSIONS
ALS is accompanied by altered nasal microbial community composition and diversity. The findings presented here highlight the need to understand how dysbiosis of nasal microbiota may contribute to the development of ALS.
Topics: Humans; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Feces; Microbiota; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Bacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 37482646
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002701 -
Microbiological Research Oct 2023Gut microbiota play vital roles in the maintenance of human health and in various diseases. We aimed to investigate the association of gut microbiota with aging and...
Gut microbiota play vital roles in the maintenance of human health and in various diseases. We aimed to investigate the association of gut microbiota with aging and sarcopenia. This study contained two experimental designs using the ICR mouse model for 1) determining the association between aging and gut microbiota (by analyzing murine fecal samples) and 2) determining the association between sarcopenia and gut microbiota in mice treated with microorganisms or dexamethasone. The composition of the gut microbiota was determined by next-generation sequencing. Marginally significant differences were observed in taxon composition of the gut microbiota depending on age; particularly, the abundance of the genusAlistipes increased with increasing age. In addition, the abundance of the class Bacteroidia decreased with increasing age, whereas that of the genus Oscillibacter increased. The microbiome composition differed between young mice and aging mice with sarcopenia. Moreover, the gut microbiota in aging and sarcopenia showed altered abundances of Alistipes, Lachnospiraceae, and Bacteroides. Although the sample size was small, these results point to similarities in the gut microbiota between aging and sarcopenia and to differences between young and old individuals. The results on gut microbiota obtained in this study form a basis for studying the development of sarcopenia in geriatric animal models in the future.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Aged; Sarcopenia; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mice, Inbred ICR; Aging; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 37473669
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127462 -
Food & Function May 2022Overweight, obesity, and related diseases are currently the major public health problems worldwide. Astilbin, extracted from the rhizome of Roxb., is known to have...
Overweight, obesity, and related diseases are currently the major public health problems worldwide. Astilbin, extracted from the rhizome of Roxb., is known to have significant anti-inflammatory activity and hepatoprotective effect. Studies have shown that it can inhibit adipogenesis in adipocytes ; however, the intervention benefits of astilbin against obesity and related diseases along with its associated mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of astilbin consumption on the overall biochemical pattern of high-fat diet (HFD) mice by using a combined multi-omics approach. Our data indicated that astilbin reduced body weight, insulin resistance, and inflammation in mice fed an HFD. Astilbin improved HFD-induced gut microbial dysbiosis by decreasing the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, by increasing beneficial bacteria such as and and decreasing harmful bacteria including group, , and , resulting in enhanced intestinal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Meanwhile, astilbin protected the integrity of the intestinal barrier in HFD mice, increased short-chain fatty acid levels, and reduced metabolic endotoxemia. We further showed that astilbin attenuated hepatic lipid droplet aggregation and triglyceride accumulation in HFD mice, affected glutamate metabolism-related pathways, and enhanced hepatic ATP transduction pathways and attenuated xanthine metabolism pathways in mice, which were positively correlated with the abundance of and negatively correlated with . The results highlighted that astilbin could be used as a prebiotic for the prevention of "gut-liver axis" damage and metabolic disruption in obese individuals.
Topics: Animals; Clostridiales; Diet, High-Fat; Flavonols; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Smilax
PubMed: 35388843
DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00060a