-
Journal of Animal Science and... Sep 2023The poultry industry needs effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens.
BACKGROUND
The poultry industry needs effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens.
METHODS
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) on the immune function and gut microbiota of broilers with NE. A total of 288 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two concentrations of dietary MCE supplementation (0 or 350 mg/kg of diet) and two disease challenge statuses (control or NE).
RESULTS
The results revealed that NE significantly increased the feed conversion rate (FCR), mortality, intestinal lesion score, the levels of IL-1β, IL-17 and IFN-γ/IL-4 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa, mRNA levels of TLR2, IFN-γ and pIgR in the jejunum, and Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum. NE significantly decreased the body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), jejunal villus height, V/C, mRNA level of AMPK-α1 in jejunum, IL-4 level in the jejunal mucosa and lactic acid bacteria abundance in the cecum. MCE significantly increased BW, BWG, jejunal villus height, V/C, mRNA levels of occludin, ZO-1 and AMPK-α1 in the jejunum, the levels of IgA and IgG in serum and IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa and mRNA levels of NF-κB, IL-10 and MHC-II in the jejunum. Additionally, MCE significantly decreased the FCR, mortality, intestinal lesion score, jejunal crypt depth, the levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa, Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum, and mRNA levels of IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunum. Moreover, NE significantly increased the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation, obesity and depression (Alistipes, Barnesiella, Intestinimonas, RF39 and UCG-005) and significantly decreased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (Anaerotruncus, Butyricicoccus and Bacteroides) in the cecum. MCE significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria (Streptococcus, Ruminococcus_torques_group and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group) and significantly reduced the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation and obesity (Alistipes, Barnesiella and UCG-010) in the cecum. In the cecum of broilers with NE, the relative abundance of Barnesiella and Alistipes was higher and that of Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia was lower. Interestingly, these trends were reversed by the addition of MCE to the diet. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Barnesiella and Alistipes were associated with enhanced intestinal inflammation and inhibited growth performance, whereas Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia were associated with anti-inflammatory effects.
CONCLUSIONS
MCE ameliorated the loss of growth performance in broiler chickens with NE, probably by regulating the intestinal barrier, immune function, and gut microbiota.
PubMed: 37674220
DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00916-2 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Jul 2024FRILEUX, M., BOLTRI M. and al. Cognition and Gut microbiota in schizophrenia spectrum and mood disorders: a Systematic Review. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV (1) 2024... (Review)
Review
FRILEUX, M., BOLTRI M. and al. Cognition and Gut microbiota in schizophrenia spectrum and mood disorders: a Systematic Review. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV (1) 2024 Schizophrenia spectrum disorders and major mood disorders are associated with cognitive impairments. Recent studies suggest a link between gut microbiota composition and cognitive functioning. Here, we review the relationship between gut microbiota and cognition in these disorders. To do this, we conducted a systematic review, searching Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EBSCOhost, Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies were included if they investigated the relationship between gut microbiota composition and cognitive function through neuropsychological assessments in patients with bipolar, depressive, schizophrenia spectrum, and other psychotic disorders. Ten studies were identified. Findings underscore a link between gut dysbiosis and cognitive impairment. This relationship identified specific taxa (Haemophilus, Bacteroides, and Alistipes) as potential contributors to bolstered cognitive performance. Conversely, Candida albicans, Toxoplasma gondii, Streptococcus and Deinococcus were associated with diminished performance on cognitive assessments. Prebiotics and probiotics interventions were associated with cognitive enhancements, particularly executive functions. These results emphasize the role of gut microbiota in cognition, prompting further exploration of the underlying mechanisms paving the way toward precision psychiatry.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Schizophrenia; Mood Disorders; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dysbiosis
PubMed: 38754717
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105722 -
Toxins Oct 2022Mycotoxins are generated by a series of fungal pathogens in postharvest fruit, resulting in serious health threat to consumers and great economic loss to the fruit...
Mycotoxins are generated by a series of fungal pathogens in postharvest fruit, resulting in serious health threat to consumers and great economic loss to the fruit storage industry. The microbial differences between rotten and healthy fruit during storage and their relationship with mycotoxin production have not been fully studied. In this study, differences in microbial diversity between rotten and healthy fruit after 30 days of storage at ambient temperature were investigated using high-throughput sequencing technology in 'Huangguan' pear ( Rehd cv. Huangguan) harvested from five different producing regions of Hebei province, China. The bacterial genus was much more abundant in rotten fruit (76.24%) than that in healthy fruit (32.36%). In addition, and were also relatively higher in abundance in rotten fruit. In contrast, bacterial genera , , , , and _UCG were found to be more abundant in healthy fruit. Fungal genera including , , , , , , and were found to be abundant in rotten fruit. The results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that there were significant differences in the microbial diversity of different regions. PAT (patulin) was detected in all rotten fruit samples, while tenuazonic acid (TeA), alternariol (AOH), and alternariolmonomethyl ether (AME) were only detected in samples collected from one region (Weixian). Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and Pearson correlation analysis showed that the abundance of and were negatively correlated with the contents of PAT, suggesting that bacterial genera and have potential in reducing mycotoxin production in 'Huangguan' pear.
Topics: Pyrus; Mycotoxins; Tenuazonic Acid; Patulin; Alternaria; Fruit; Ethers
PubMed: 36287968
DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100699 -
Biochemical characterization of the first step in sulfonolipid biosynthesis in Alistipes finegoldii.The Journal of Biological Chemistry Aug 2022Sulfonolipids are unusual lipids found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria in the phylum Bacteroidetes. Sulfonolipid and its deacylated derivative, capnine,...
Sulfonolipids are unusual lipids found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria in the phylum Bacteroidetes. Sulfonolipid and its deacylated derivative, capnine, are sulfur analogs of ceramide-1-phosphate and sphingosine-1-phosphate, respectively; thus, sulfonolipid biosynthesis is postulated to be similar to the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway. Here, we identify the first enzyme in sulfonolipid synthesis in Alistipes finegoldii as the product of the alfi_1224 gene, cysteate acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) transferase (SulA). We show SulA catalyzes the condensation of acyl-ACP and cysteate (3-sulfo-alanine) to form 3-ketocapnine. Acyl-CoA is a poor substrate. We show SulA has a bound pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) cofactor that undergoes a spectral redshift in the presence of cysteate, consistent with the transition of the lysine-aldimine complex to a substrate-aldimine complex. Furthermore, the SulA crystal structure shows the same prototypical fold found in bacterial serine palmitoyltransferases (Spts), enveloping the PLP cofactor bound to Lys251. We observed the SulA and Spt active sites are identical except for Lys281 in SulA, which is an alanine in Spt. Additionally, SulA(K281A) is catalytically inactive but binds cysteate and forms the external aldimine normally, highlighting the structural role of the Lys281 side chain in walling off the active site from bulk solvent. Finally, the electropositive groove on the protein surface adjacent to the active site entrance provides a landing pad for the electronegative acyl-ACP surface. Taken together, these data identify the substrates, products, and mechanism of SulA, the PLP-dependent condensing enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sulfonolipid synthesis in a gut commensal bacterium.
Topics: Acyl Carrier Protein; Alanine; Bacteroidetes; Cysteic Acid; Lipids; Pyridoxal Phosphate
PubMed: 35760102
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102195 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Dec 2015Culture-based study of the faecal microbiome in two adult female subjects revealed the presence of two obligately anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile,...
Culture-based study of the faecal microbiome in two adult female subjects revealed the presence of two obligately anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile, Gram-negative bacterial strains that represent novel species. The first strain, designated 627T, was a fastidious, slow-growing, indole-positive bacterium with a non-fermentative type of metabolism.The strain was characterized by the production of acetic and succinic acids as metabolic end products, the prevalence of iso-C15 : 0 fatty acid and the presence of menaquinones MK-10 and MK-11. The DNA G+C content was found to be 56.6 mol%. The second strain, designated 177T, was capable of fermenting a rich collection of carbohydrate substrates, producing acetic acid as a terminal product. The strain was indole-negative and resistant to bile. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 (in a 1 : 1 ratio) and the predominant menaquinone was MK-11.The DNA G+C content was 37.8 mol%. A phylogenomic analysis of the draft genomes of strains 627T and 177T placed these bacteria in the genera Alistipes(family Rikenellaceae) and Coprobacter (family Porphyromonadaceae), respectively.On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic properties of strains 627T and 177T, we conclude that these strains from human faeces represent two novel bacterial species, for which the names Alistipes inops sp. nov. (type strain 627T5DSM 28863T5VKM B-2859T) and Coprobacter secundus sp. nov. (type strain 177T=DSM 28864T=VKM B-2857T) are proposed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Feces; Female; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 26377180
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000617 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... May 2023Ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment usually involves either drug therapy or surgery. Natural food polysaccharides have showed great potential for preventing UC. In this...
Ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment usually involves either drug therapy or surgery. Natural food polysaccharides have showed great potential for preventing UC. In this study, the therapeutic effects of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja polysaccharide (CP) and Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mice UC model and their underlying mechanisms were explored. The results suggested that CP and CYP could improve colitis symptoms in DSS-induced mice, enhance the production of IL-10, inhibit cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and reduce MPO activity. Furthermore, they maintained the integrity of intestine by improving the expression of mucin MUC-2, ZO-1 and occludin, which in turn reduced the contents of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and endotoxin (ET) in serum and oxidative stress in liver. Finally, they modulated the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota. Notably, Alistipes and Bacteroides were the specific genera in CP and CYP groups, respectively. These findings indicated that polysaccharides might alleviate the development of colitis and inform other relevant studies.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Colitis, Ulcerative; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dextran Sulfate; Colitis; Inflammation; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 37087227
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112630 -
Current Microbiology Feb 2022Intestinal microbiota disorders can aggravate pulmonary inflammation during acute lung injury (ALI). As a traditional Chinese herb, Rhubarb can regulated the gut...
Intestinal microbiota disorders can aggravate pulmonary inflammation during acute lung injury (ALI). As a traditional Chinese herb, Rhubarb can regulated the gut microbiota. Therefore, this study was conducted to test the hypothesis that rhubarb alleviates gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation. Feces were collected from patients with ALI to detect the gut microbiota using 16S rDNA sequencing. Subsequently, a mouse model of ALI was established using lipopolysaccharide to investigate changes in the gut microbiota, the peripheral blood was attained for detecting the Th17/Treg cell ratio and the serum level of HDAC6 and HDAC9, and the effect of rhubarb treatment on the gut microbiota and Th17/Treg ratio were also evaluated. The results indicated that both the Firmicutes phylum decreased and the Bacteroidetes phylum increased were identified in patients with ALI, which induced the alternation of histone metabolites. The mice models also showed a similar imbalance in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio at phylum of level. Rhubarb treatment alleviated the damaged lung tissue, accelerated Alistipes, Clostridium, and Lactobacillus proliferation at the level of genus, increased the level of HDAC6 in both the mice lung tissue and serum, and markedly reduced the Treg cells and increased the Th17 cells in the spleen tissue. The study suggested that both patients and mouse models with ALI presented gut microbiota dysbiosis, and lead to a Th17/Treg cell imbalance in ALI mouse. Rhubarb promoted Alistipes, Clostridium, and Lactobacillus proliferation, increased the HDAC6 concentration, restored the Th17/Treg cell balance, and protected against ALI.
Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Animals; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Mice; Rheum; Th17 Cells
PubMed: 35218438
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02811-x -
BMC Medicine Oct 2022Extraintestinal symptoms are common in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and include depression and fatigue. These are highly prevalent especially in active disease,...
BACKGROUND
Extraintestinal symptoms are common in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and include depression and fatigue. These are highly prevalent especially in active disease, potentially due to inflammation-mediated changes in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between structural and functional microbiota characteristics and severity of fatigue and depressive symptoms in patients with active IBD.
METHODS
We included clinical data of 62 prospectively enrolled patients with IBD in an active disease state. Patients supplied stool samples and completed the questionnaires regarding depression and fatigue symptoms. Based on taxonomic and functional metagenomic profiles of faecal gut microbiota, we used Bayesian statistics to investigate the associative networks and triangle motifs between bacterial genera, functional modules and symptom severity of self-reported fatigue and depression.
RESULTS
Associations with moderate to strong evidence were found for 3 genera (Odoribacter, Anaerotruncus and Alistipes) and 3 functional modules (pectin, glycosaminoglycan and central carbohydrate metabolism) with regard to depression and for 4 genera (Intestinimonas, Anaerotruncus, Eubacterium and Clostridiales g.i.s) and 2 functional modules implicating amino acid and central carbohydrate metabolism with regard to fatigue.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides the first evidence of association triplets between microbiota composition, function and extraintestinal symptoms in active IBD. Depression and fatigue were associated with lower abundances of short-chain fatty acid producers and distinct pathways implicating glycan, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Our results suggest that microbiota-directed therapeutic approaches may reduce fatigue and depression in IBD and should be investigated in future research.
Topics: Amino Acids; Bayes Theorem; Depression; Fatigue; Feces; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Pectins
PubMed: 36244970
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02550-7 -
European Journal of Nutrition Dec 2022We aim to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and dietary variety in a Chinese population using Dietary Variety Score (DVS), an index of dietary variety,...
PURPOSE
We aim to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and dietary variety in a Chinese population using Dietary Variety Score (DVS), an index of dietary variety, as little has studied the relationship of dietary variety and gut microbiota in a general population.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, recruited participants were conducted with face-to-face interview to collect information on 24-h food intake and dietary consumption using a valid food frequency questionnaire. Subjects (n = 128) were divided as high and low DVS groups by the median of DVS after rigorously matching for confounding factors. The gut microbiota was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing and the correlations between key phylotypes and DVS, Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) and clinical indices were examined using generalized linear model in negative binomial regression.
RESULTS
Higher score of DVS, INQVB6, INQVE and INQZn exhibited higher α-diversity. DVS was correlated with INQ and six genera. Among the DVS-correlated genera, Turicibacter, Alistipes and Barnesiella were positively correlated with INQVE, INQZn and INQCu, individually or in combination, while Cetobacterium was negatively correlated with INQCu, INQZn and INQVE. The abundance of Coprococcus and Barnesiella increased with the elevated cumulative scores of INQVE, INQVB6 and INQZn. The combination of Alistipes, Roseburia and Barnesiella could moderately predict dietary variety status.
CONCLUSION
Higher DVS was correlated with higher microbial diversity and more abundance of some potentially beneficial bacteria but with less some potentially pathogenic bacteria. A high variety dietary, therefore, should be recommended in our daily life.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 35764724
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02929-5 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The current study investigates the composition, structure, and function of...
OBJECTIVE
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The current study investigates the composition, structure, and function of gut microbiota in DR patients and explores the correlation between gut microbiota and clinical characteristics of DR.
METHODS
A total of 50 stool samples were collected from 50 participants, including 25 DR patients and 25 healthy controls (HCs). 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbial composition in these two groups. DNA was extracted from the fecal samples using the MiSeq platform.
RESULTS
The microbial structure and composition of DR patients were different from that of HCs. The microbial richness of gut microbiota in DR was higher than that of normal individuals. The alterations of microbiome of DR patients were associated with disrupted Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Synergistota, and Desulfobacterota phyla. In addition, increased levels of , , _group, , and , and decreased levels of , _group, , , , , and genera were observed in the DR groups. Additionally, a stochastic forest model was developed to identify a set of biomarkers with seven bacterial genera that can differentiate patients with DR from those HC. The microbial communities exhibited varied functions in these two groups because of the alterations of the above-mentioned bacterial genera.
CONCLUSION
The altered composition and function of gut microbiota in DR patients indicated that gut microbiome could be used as non-invasive biomarkers, improve clinical diagnostic methods, and identify putative therapeutic targets for DR.
PubMed: 36081798
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.926926