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Food Research International (Ottawa,... May 2023Ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment usually involves either drug therapy or surgery. Natural food polysaccharides have showed great potential for preventing UC. In this...
Ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment usually involves either drug therapy or surgery. Natural food polysaccharides have showed great potential for preventing UC. In this study, the therapeutic effects of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja polysaccharide (CP) and Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mice UC model and their underlying mechanisms were explored. The results suggested that CP and CYP could improve colitis symptoms in DSS-induced mice, enhance the production of IL-10, inhibit cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and reduce MPO activity. Furthermore, they maintained the integrity of intestine by improving the expression of mucin MUC-2, ZO-1 and occludin, which in turn reduced the contents of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and endotoxin (ET) in serum and oxidative stress in liver. Finally, they modulated the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota. Notably, Alistipes and Bacteroides were the specific genera in CP and CYP groups, respectively. These findings indicated that polysaccharides might alleviate the development of colitis and inform other relevant studies.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Colitis, Ulcerative; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dextran Sulfate; Colitis; Inflammation; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 37087227
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112630 -
Current Microbiology Feb 2022Intestinal microbiota disorders can aggravate pulmonary inflammation during acute lung injury (ALI). As a traditional Chinese herb, Rhubarb can regulated the gut...
Intestinal microbiota disorders can aggravate pulmonary inflammation during acute lung injury (ALI). As a traditional Chinese herb, Rhubarb can regulated the gut microbiota. Therefore, this study was conducted to test the hypothesis that rhubarb alleviates gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation. Feces were collected from patients with ALI to detect the gut microbiota using 16S rDNA sequencing. Subsequently, a mouse model of ALI was established using lipopolysaccharide to investigate changes in the gut microbiota, the peripheral blood was attained for detecting the Th17/Treg cell ratio and the serum level of HDAC6 and HDAC9, and the effect of rhubarb treatment on the gut microbiota and Th17/Treg ratio were also evaluated. The results indicated that both the Firmicutes phylum decreased and the Bacteroidetes phylum increased were identified in patients with ALI, which induced the alternation of histone metabolites. The mice models also showed a similar imbalance in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio at phylum of level. Rhubarb treatment alleviated the damaged lung tissue, accelerated Alistipes, Clostridium, and Lactobacillus proliferation at the level of genus, increased the level of HDAC6 in both the mice lung tissue and serum, and markedly reduced the Treg cells and increased the Th17 cells in the spleen tissue. The study suggested that both patients and mouse models with ALI presented gut microbiota dysbiosis, and lead to a Th17/Treg cell imbalance in ALI mouse. Rhubarb promoted Alistipes, Clostridium, and Lactobacillus proliferation, increased the HDAC6 concentration, restored the Th17/Treg cell balance, and protected against ALI.
Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Animals; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Mice; Rheum; Th17 Cells
PubMed: 35218438
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02811-x -
Anaerobe Feb 2022Coconut coir (a lignin-rich, organic material) is widely used for its commercial and economic benefits. In this study, crossbred (exotic) and Kankrej (indigenous) breeds...
Coconut coir (a lignin-rich, organic material) is widely used for its commercial and economic benefits. In this study, crossbred (exotic) and Kankrej (indigenous) breeds of cattle were fed diets containing 7 or 14% coconut coir. Metagenomic analyses (16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun sequencing) were used to characterize the microbial community in the rumen and fecal samples along with their functional capabilities. Both amplicon and shotgun analyses revealed the predominance of bacterial phyla, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Fibrobacter in ruminal liquid, ruminal solid and fecal samples. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed a total of 18 different bacterial taxa were found to be enriched exclusively in the animals fed with 14% coir. The shotgun analysis revealed abundance of bacterial genera, Fibrobacter, Clostridium, Prevotella, Butyrivibrio, and Ruminococcus in both liquid and solid fractions of ruminal contents, while in the fecal sample, Bacteroides, Alistipes, Plaudibacter, Parabacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Victivallis and archaeal genus, Methanocorpusculum were abundant. The functional analysis based on dbCAN database suggested that among the Glycoside hydrolase family, genes that encode oligosaccharide degrading enzymes, GH3, GH13 (p-value < 0.05), and GH43 were abundant in the feces. In ruminal solid, cellulase encoding the GH5 family was abundant. Also, lignocellulosic binding modules encoded by the CBM family, including cellulose (CBM3) and hemicellulose binding modules (CBM32 and CBM67) were abundant. Thus, the study indicated the enrichment of lignocellulosic enzymes in ruminal contents in response to feeding the coconut coir, which could be mined for potential biofuel production and other biotechnological applications.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Diet; Feces; Lignin; Metagenome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rumen
PubMed: 34974183
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102508 -
BMC Medicine Oct 2022Extraintestinal symptoms are common in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and include depression and fatigue. These are highly prevalent especially in active disease,...
BACKGROUND
Extraintestinal symptoms are common in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and include depression and fatigue. These are highly prevalent especially in active disease, potentially due to inflammation-mediated changes in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between structural and functional microbiota characteristics and severity of fatigue and depressive symptoms in patients with active IBD.
METHODS
We included clinical data of 62 prospectively enrolled patients with IBD in an active disease state. Patients supplied stool samples and completed the questionnaires regarding depression and fatigue symptoms. Based on taxonomic and functional metagenomic profiles of faecal gut microbiota, we used Bayesian statistics to investigate the associative networks and triangle motifs between bacterial genera, functional modules and symptom severity of self-reported fatigue and depression.
RESULTS
Associations with moderate to strong evidence were found for 3 genera (Odoribacter, Anaerotruncus and Alistipes) and 3 functional modules (pectin, glycosaminoglycan and central carbohydrate metabolism) with regard to depression and for 4 genera (Intestinimonas, Anaerotruncus, Eubacterium and Clostridiales g.i.s) and 2 functional modules implicating amino acid and central carbohydrate metabolism with regard to fatigue.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides the first evidence of association triplets between microbiota composition, function and extraintestinal symptoms in active IBD. Depression and fatigue were associated with lower abundances of short-chain fatty acid producers and distinct pathways implicating glycan, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Our results suggest that microbiota-directed therapeutic approaches may reduce fatigue and depression in IBD and should be investigated in future research.
Topics: Amino Acids; Bayes Theorem; Depression; Fatigue; Feces; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Pectins
PubMed: 36244970
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02550-7 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2021Growing evidence highlights the crucial role of gut microbiota in affecting different aspects of obesity. Considering the ability of deep transcranial magnetic... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Growing evidence highlights the crucial role of gut microbiota in affecting different aspects of obesity. Considering the ability of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) to modulate the cortical excitability, the reward system, and, indirectly, the autonomic nervous system (ANS), we hypothesized a potential role of dTMS in affecting the brain-gut communication pathways, and the gut microbiota composition in obesity. In a hospital setting, 22 subjects with obesity (5 M, 17 F; 44.9 ± 2.2 years; BMI 37.5 ± 1.0 kg/m) were randomized into three groups receiving 15 sessions (3 per week for 5 weeks) of high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF) dTMS, or sham stimulation. Fecal samples were collected at baseline and after 5 weeks of treatment. Total bacterial DNA was extracted from fecal samples using the QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit (Qiagen, Italy) and analyzed by a metagenomics approach (Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine). After 5 weeks, a significant weight loss was found in HF (HF: -4.1 ± 0.8%, LF: -1.9 ± 0.8%, sham: -1.3 ± 0.6%, = 0.042) compared to LF and sham groups, associated with a decrease in norepinephrine compared to baseline (HF: -61.5 ± 15.2%, < 0.01; LF: -31.8 ± 17.1%, < 0.05; sham: -35.8 ± 21.0%, > 0.05). Furthermore, an increase in (+154.3% vs. baseline, < 0.05) and (+153.4% vs. baseline, < 0.05) genera, and a significant decrease in (-77.1% vs. baseline, < 0.05) were found in HF. variations were not significant compared to baseline in the other two groups (LF: +106.6%, sham: +27.6%; > 0.05) as well as (LF: -54.9%, sham: -15.1%; > 0.05) and (LF: -26.0%, sham: +228.3%; > 0.05) variations. Norepinephrine change significantly correlated with (r = 0.734; < 0.05), (r = 0.734; < 0.05), and (r = 0.618; < 0.05) abundance variations in HF. In conclusion, HF dTMS treatment revealed to be effective in modulating gut microbiota composition in subjects with obesity, reversing obesity-associated microbiota variations, and promoting bacterial species representative of healthy subjects with anti-inflammatory properties.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Autonomic Nervous System; Bacteria; Biodiversity; DNA, Bacterial; Double-Blind Method; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Norepinephrine; Obesity; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Time Factors; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Weight Loss; Young Adult
PubMed: 33946648
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094692 -
European Journal of Nutrition Dec 2022We aim to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and dietary variety in a Chinese population using Dietary Variety Score (DVS), an index of dietary variety,...
PURPOSE
We aim to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and dietary variety in a Chinese population using Dietary Variety Score (DVS), an index of dietary variety, as little has studied the relationship of dietary variety and gut microbiota in a general population.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, recruited participants were conducted with face-to-face interview to collect information on 24-h food intake and dietary consumption using a valid food frequency questionnaire. Subjects (n = 128) were divided as high and low DVS groups by the median of DVS after rigorously matching for confounding factors. The gut microbiota was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing and the correlations between key phylotypes and DVS, Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) and clinical indices were examined using generalized linear model in negative binomial regression.
RESULTS
Higher score of DVS, INQVB6, INQVE and INQZn exhibited higher α-diversity. DVS was correlated with INQ and six genera. Among the DVS-correlated genera, Turicibacter, Alistipes and Barnesiella were positively correlated with INQVE, INQZn and INQCu, individually or in combination, while Cetobacterium was negatively correlated with INQCu, INQZn and INQVE. The abundance of Coprococcus and Barnesiella increased with the elevated cumulative scores of INQVE, INQVB6 and INQZn. The combination of Alistipes, Roseburia and Barnesiella could moderately predict dietary variety status.
CONCLUSION
Higher DVS was correlated with higher microbial diversity and more abundance of some potentially beneficial bacteria but with less some potentially pathogenic bacteria. A high variety dietary, therefore, should be recommended in our daily life.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 35764724
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02929-5 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The current study investigates the composition, structure, and function of...
OBJECTIVE
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The current study investigates the composition, structure, and function of gut microbiota in DR patients and explores the correlation between gut microbiota and clinical characteristics of DR.
METHODS
A total of 50 stool samples were collected from 50 participants, including 25 DR patients and 25 healthy controls (HCs). 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbial composition in these two groups. DNA was extracted from the fecal samples using the MiSeq platform.
RESULTS
The microbial structure and composition of DR patients were different from that of HCs. The microbial richness of gut microbiota in DR was higher than that of normal individuals. The alterations of microbiome of DR patients were associated with disrupted Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Synergistota, and Desulfobacterota phyla. In addition, increased levels of , , _group, , and , and decreased levels of , _group, , , , , and genera were observed in the DR groups. Additionally, a stochastic forest model was developed to identify a set of biomarkers with seven bacterial genera that can differentiate patients with DR from those HC. The microbial communities exhibited varied functions in these two groups because of the alterations of the above-mentioned bacterial genera.
CONCLUSION
The altered composition and function of gut microbiota in DR patients indicated that gut microbiome could be used as non-invasive biomarkers, improve clinical diagnostic methods, and identify putative therapeutic targets for DR.
PubMed: 36081798
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.926926 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Psychological stress can induce affective disorders. Gut microbiota plays a vital role in emotional function regulation; however, the association between gut microbiota...
INTRODUCTION
Psychological stress can induce affective disorders. Gut microbiota plays a vital role in emotional function regulation; however, the association between gut microbiota and psychological stress is poorly understood. We investigated effects of psychological stress on the gut microbiome and fecal metabolites and assessed the relationship between affective disorder behavior and altered fecal microbiota.
METHODS
A psychological stress model was established in C57BL/6J mice using a communication box. Sucrose preference test, forced swim test, and open field test helped assess anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was conducted using fecal samples from stressed and non-stressed mice. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were performed.
RESULTS
After stress exposure for 14 days, a significant increase in anxiety- and depression-like behaviors was observed. FMT of "affective disorder microbiota" from psychologically stressed mice increased stress sensitivity relative to FMT of "normal microbiota" from non-stressed mice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed decreased abundance of , , and and increased abundance of Parasutterella and in stressed mice; furthermore, stressed mice showed differential metabolite profiles. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that differential metabolites were chiefly involved in the downregulated pathways of α-linolenic acid metabolism, taste transduction, and galactose metabolism. and were mainly positively correlated and was mainly negatively correlated with diverse metabolites.
DISCUSSION
Our findings suggest that gut microbiome dysbiosis contributes to affective disorder development in response to psychological stress.
PubMed: 37213506
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1124454 -
Journal of Cancer 2022Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant tumour with a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. It is of great significance to explore sensitive or...
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant tumour with a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. It is of great significance to explore sensitive or specific biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis. We first examined the metabolome and gut microbiota of resectable and unresectable PDAC patients to comprehensively investigate the characteristics of PDAC at different stages of progression. At the genus level, we found that the relative abundances of Alistipes, Anaerostipes, Faecalibacterium and Parvimonas were reduced in unresectable PDAC patients, whereas Pseudonocardia, Cloacibacterium, Mucispirillum, and Anaerotruncus were increased. Metabolomics analysis showed that the main changed metabolites were amino acids, carnitine derivatives, lipids and fatty acids. ROC analysis showed that Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Palmitic acid, Linoelaidyl carnitine, 2-Octenedioic acid, 3R, 7R-1,3,7-Octanetriol, LysoPE (P-16:0/0:0) and 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid had high AUC values (>0.9). Function and network analyses showed that these altered metabolites correlated with NF-kappa B signalling, the FXR/RXR pathway, mitochondrial dysfunction, mTOR signalling and IL-6 signalling. In particular, the abundance of Palmitic acid, Oleic acid, Linoelaidyl carnitine and 2-Octenedioic acid positively correlated with but negatively correlated with Meanwhile,We also found that PE (22:6 (4Z, 7z, 10z, 13z, 16Z, 19Z)/p-18:1 (11z)), (3R, 7R) - 1,3,7-octanetriol and linoelaidyl carnitine were positively correlated with the survival time of patients.These findings may be helpful for the differentiation of resectable and unresectable PDAC based on changes in intestinal flora and metabolites at different stages of PDAC. This study also provides a strategy for preventing the deterioration of PDAC by regulating the gut microbiota and metabolism.
PubMed: 35371330
DOI: 10.7150/jca.52943 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Feb 2020The differences between luminal microbiota (LM) and mucosal microbiota (MAM) were little known, especially in duodenum. In this study, LM and MAM in colon and duodenum...
The differences between luminal microbiota (LM) and mucosal microbiota (MAM) were little known, especially in duodenum. In this study, LM and MAM in colon and duodenum of mice were investigated through 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The lowest bacterial diversity and evenness were observed in duodenal LM (D_LM), followed by duodenal MAM (D_MAM). Meanwhile, the bacterial diversity and evenness were obviously increased in D_MAM than these in D_LM, while no significant difference was observed between colonic MAM (C_MAM) and colonic LM (C_LM). PCoA analysis also showed that bacterial communities of LM and MAM in duodenum were completely separated, while these in colon overlapped partly. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) in D_MAM was significantly higher than that in D_LM. was largely enriched and was the characteristic bacteria in D_LM. The characteristic bacteria in D_MAM were , and , while in C_LM they were _6, _9, _UCG_007 and _UCG_010, and in C_MAM they were _NK4A136, , , and . The networks showed that more interactions existed in colonic microbiota (24 nodes and 74 edges) than in duodenal microbiota (17 nodes and 29 edges). The 16S rDNA function prediction results indicated that bigger differences of function exist between LM and MAM in duodenum than these in colon. In conclusion, microbiota from intestinal luminal content and mucosa were different both in colon and in duodenum, and bacteria in colon interacted with each other much more closely than those in duodenum.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Biodiversity; Colon; Computational Biology; Duodenum; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Intestinal Mucosa; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Mice; Microbiota; Mucous Membrane; Organ Specificity
PubMed: 31635444
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1908.08037