-
The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical... Apr 2024This study reviewed the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment, quality-of-life assessment and recent... (Review)
Review
This study reviewed the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment, quality-of-life assessment and recent trends in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Relevant articles on AGA from PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline and Scopus from 1950 to 2024 were obtained and scrutinized.. Key search words included each term like 'androgenetic alopecia', 'androgenic alopecia', 'pattern baldness' and 'pattern hair loss' AND each term like 'epidemiology', 'pathophysiology', 'genetics', 'hormones', 'micronutrient', 'stress and inflammation', 'growth factors', 'clinical features', 'staging', 'cardiovascular associations', 'diagnosis' and 'management' were used in the search. AGA is a non-scarring hair loss that is exemplified by a progressive decline of hair follicles, or non-functional or dead hair follicles in the scalp in a defined pattern. It is the most common hair loss, more common in men but can also present in younger age as premature AGA. Hormones, genetics, micronutrient deficiency, microinflammation and stress have been implicated, while psychosocial distress and cutaneous correlate of cardiovascular diseases have become sources of relentless research. AGA is a patterned hair loss that is more prevalent in Men. It results from the interactions between hormonal, genetic and other factors which determine the extent of hair loss and associated disorders (psychosocial and cardiovascular). As results of more research become available, the extent of AGA, its comorbidities as well as the full spectrum of their manifestations will continue to be sources of health education and more holistic examination by dermatologists and patients.
Topics: Humans; Alopecia; Quality of Life; Male; Female
PubMed: 38826011
DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_47_24 -
FP Essentials Jun 2022Alopecia affects men and women and can result in significant distress for patients. Alopecias can be categorized as nonscarring or scarring. Nonscarring alopecias...
Alopecia affects men and women and can result in significant distress for patients. Alopecias can be categorized as nonscarring or scarring. Nonscarring alopecias include male and female pattern alopecias, alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, traction alopecia, trichotillomania, and tinea capitis. Scarring alopecias include central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia, discoid lupus erythematosus, dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, folliculitis decalvans, and acne keloidalis nuchae. Evaluation of patients with alopecia involves assessment of the duration and distribution of hair loss, associated scalp symptoms, and associated conditions. Clinical examination of the hair and scalp may include a hair pull test, tug test, hair mount (ie, trichogram), dermoscopy, laboratory tests, and/or scalp biopsy, depending on the suspected etiology. Hair regrowth cannot occur in established lesions of scarring alopecia, so early identification and prompt initiation of treatment are critical in these cases. Patients with suspected or confirmed alopecias, alopecia areata, or alopecias refractory to treatment may benefit from referral to a dermatologist.
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Cicatrix; Female; Hair; Humans; Lichen Planus; Male
PubMed: 35679467
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatrics in Review Nov 2020
Topics: Alopecia; Hair; Humans
PubMed: 33139410
DOI: 10.1542/pir.2019-0009 -
Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs Dec 2014Alopecia is a common concern encountered in the medical practice. Treatment approach varies according to the type and severity of alopecia. However, available treatment... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Alopecia is a common concern encountered in the medical practice. Treatment approach varies according to the type and severity of alopecia. However, available treatment options have limited efficacy and several adverse effects. Presently, there are different treatment options being studied to overcome these limitations. Additionally, cellular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of alopecia are further being clarified to potentially target pathogenic molecules.
AREAS COVERED
We searched the literature for recently published articles discussing new treatment options as well as mechanisms involved in alopecia. We discuss the use of stem cells, growth factors, cellular pathways and robotic hair transplant, among other emerging therapies used for alopecia.
EXPERT OPINION
Future looks very promising and new effective treatments such as janus kinase inhibitors could possibly be available for alopecia areata. The stem-cell technology is advancing and companies involved in hair follicle neogenesis are starting clinical trials on patients with androgenetic alopecia.
Topics: Alopecia; Alopecia Areata; Animals; Hair; Hair Follicle; Humans; Janus Kinases; Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 25330928
DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2014.974550 -
Dermatologic Therapy Jul 2020Αndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common hair disorder, affecting approximately 50% of men and women. A topical lotion that contains two patented formulas... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Αndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common hair disorder, affecting approximately 50% of men and women. A topical lotion that contains two patented formulas (Redensyl and Sepicontrol A5), has been introduced as an alternative approach to standard therapies for AGA. Forty-four patients with AGA were randomized either to apply the active lotion or the vehicle, twice daily for 24 weeks. Subjects were evaluated at 0, 12, and 24 weeks by clinical examination, photographic documentation, quality of life evaluation (DLQI), and trichogram (anagen-to-telogen ratio). Forty-one patients, 18 males and 23 females, completed the study. Among patients receiving active treatment (n = 26), 7.7% had great improvement, 73.1% had moderate improvement, and 19.2% remained stable. The median self-assessment score increased from 4 at baseline to 6 at 24 weeks (P < .001), while the DLQI improved from 4 to 3, respectively (P < .001). The median anagen-to-telogen ratio increased from 2.25 to 4.00 to 6.02 at weeks 0, 12, and 24, respectively. No significant adverse events were reported. This new topical active blend is effective in the treatment of AGA, with high degree of patients' satisfaction, improvement of quality of life, and an excellent safety profile. Thus, it may represent a useful alternative therapeutic approach for AGA.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Alopecia; Female; Hair; Humans; Male; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32473084
DOI: 10.1111/dth.13734 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Nov 2022There have been various treatment modalities available for alopecia in the form of topical and systemic with a variable response. The compliance of the patients is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
There have been various treatment modalities available for alopecia in the form of topical and systemic with a variable response. The compliance of the patients is important in reaping results in alopecia. Minoxidil has come a long-way finding its use from topical formulations to systemic at lower dose in different alopecia.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this article is to discuss various conditions in alopecia where oral minoxidil has found its role.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search was performed relating to oral minoxidil role in various alopecia. Various clinical trials, case series, and case reports were searched on PubMed and Google Scholar. The references of available studies were also reviewed to collect the additional resources. Available data from various studies and case reports were collected and consolidated to provide a concise overview of oral minoxidil indications in various alopecia.
RESULTS
Oral minoxidil has been used in various non-scarring and scarring alopecia at a lower dosage with less side effects and with promising results. Androgenetic alopecia and female pattern hair loss were the two conditions where it has been used more commonly than other alopecia, providing a ray of hope along with overcoming the issues related to topical formulations and compliance.
Topics: Humans; Female; Minoxidil; Treatment Outcome; Alopecia; Administration, Topical
PubMed: 36065675
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15324 -
Dermatologic Clinics Jul 2021This article focuses on the assessment and treatment of patients with primary cicatricial alopecia and provides new information regarding the genetics and... (Review)
Review
This article focuses on the assessment and treatment of patients with primary cicatricial alopecia and provides new information regarding the genetics and pathophysiology of this group of diseases.
Topics: Alopecia; Cicatrix; Humans
PubMed: 34053592
DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2021.05.001 -
Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North... May 2020Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common hair loss disorder in men and women. The characteristic and reproducible balding pattern in AGA negatively affects... (Review)
Review
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common hair loss disorder in men and women. The characteristic and reproducible balding pattern in AGA negatively affects self-image and the external perceptions of the balding patient. The phenotypical changes are driven by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and its precursor testosterone. DHT induces follicle miniaturization and hair cycle changes until resulting hairs no longer extrude through the skin surface. AGA is inherited in a polygenetic pattern and is susceptible to epigenetic and environmental factors. Currently, minoxidil, finasteride, and photolaser therapy are the only Food and Drug Administration-approved medical treatments for AGA.
Topics: Alopecia; Dihydrotestosterone; Dutasteride; Finasteride; Hair Preparations; Humans; Low-Level Light Therapy; Minoxidil
PubMed: 32312501
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2020.01.004 -
Cutis Apr 2019
Topics: Acute Disease; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Alopecia; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Thallium
PubMed: 31116827
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American Academy of... Aug 2021
Topics: Alopecia; Fibrosis; Humans; Scalp
PubMed: 34033818
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.05.015